| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“WILLIAM FITZ ROBERT, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, lord of Glamorgan and Caerleon, seigneur of Torigny in Manche, Normandy, etc., Governor of Wareham Castle, 1144, son and heir. In 1128 he witnessed an agreement between his father and the Abbot of Fecamp. He married about 1150 HAWISE OF LEICESTER, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester, by Amice, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy [see LEICESTER 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, Robert (living c.1170), and three daughters, Mabel, Amice, and Isabel. In 1128 he was a witness to an agreement between his father and the Abbot of Fécamp. In 1141 he served as surety for his father, then a prisoner at Rochester. In 1147 he overthrew Henry de Tracy at Castle Cary. Sometime in the period, 1147-50, probably before March 1148/9, he signed a treaty with Roger, Earl of Hereford, by which William agreed to hold faith and give aid to Roger as his man, against all men except their lord, Henry; William promised aid especially for the purpose of disinheriting Gilbert de Lacy. Sometime in the period, 1147-83, he granted Margam Abbey land in Margam, in exchange for the land of Baldwin the Harper of Newborough. Sometime in the period, 1147-83, he gave to the church and monks of St. Giles, Little Malvern, Worcestershire ten acres in the forest of Malvern with appurtenances in the said forest for inclosure and cultivation. In 1148 he gave a confirmation to Gloucester jointly with his mother. In 1153 he was one of the witnesses to the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]; he also witnessed a charter of Duke Henry dated at Bristol. In 1158 he and his wife and son Robert were captured at Cardiff Castle by Ivor the Little and carried into the woods, where they were held as prisoners until the earl redressed Ivor's grievances. He witnessed a charter of his father-in-law, Robert, Earl of Leicester, dated c.1150-60. He founded Keynsham Priory in Somerset in 1169, and was a benefactor to many other religious foundations. About 1170 he granted his son, Robert, land in Margam, which Robert thereupon gave to Abbot Conan and the convent. In 1173 he took the king's part against his sons, and later that year went to the help of the king's forces at the Battle of Fornham. In 1174 he submitted to the king, and in 1175 he surrendered Bristol Castle to him. In 1178 he witnessed King Henry's charter to Waltham Abbey. In 1183 the king imprisoned a number of magnates of whose loyalty he was doubtful, including Earl William. About 1183 Earl William granted Walter Lageles land which his father held, for an annual rent of eight shillings. About 1183 he granted Kenaithur son of Herbert son of Godwinet and his brothers the lands of Keleculum and Treikik WILLIAM FITZ ROBERT, Earl of Gloucester, died 23 Nov. 1183, and was buried at Keynsham Abbey, Somerset. In the period, 1183-97, his widow, Hawise, granted W. de Arundel her servant a burgage situated beside the bridge of her borough of Fairford. In the same period, she granted to the burgesses of Peters field all the liberties and free customs which William her husband formerly granted to them by his charter. In 1189-90 she witnessed a charter of his brother, Robert, Earl of Leicester. Hawise, Countess of Gloucester, died 24 April 1197.
Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 1 (1822-30): 563 (Beaumont-Quincy ped.). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1830): 1095 (charter of William, Earl of Gloucester). Arch. Cambrensis 3,th Ser. 8 (1862): 276 (13th Cent. Chronicle sub 1183: "Obiit Willielmus Comes Gloucestri."), 276 (sub 1197: "Obiit Hawysia Comitissa Gloucestriæ."). Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 53 (Tewkesbury Annals sub A.D. 1183: "Nicholaus episcopus Landavensis et Willelmus comes Glocestriae obierunt."), 55 (sub A.D. 1197: "Obiit Hawisa comitissa Glocestriæ, viii. kal. Mail [24 April]."). Hart Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1865): 49-50 (charter of William, Earl of Gloucester), 50 (charter of M[abel] Countess of Gloucester and her son, Earl William). Arch. Cambrensis 4th Ser. 3 (1872): lxxiii-lxxiv (charter of William, Earl of Gloucester dated 1172-83; charter witnessed by his wife, Countess Hawise, and Hamon le Gras); 4th Ser. 14 (1883): 7-63. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 2 (1873): 124 (sub A.D. 1182: "Obiit Guillermus, comes Gloecestriae, sine heredibus, absque tribus filiabus, quarum una est comitissa Ebroicensis; altera, uxor Guillermi, comitis de Clara; tercia est in manu Dei et domini regis, et cui voluerit dabit eam."). Great Roll of the Pipe A.D. 1158-1159 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. 1) (1884): 42 (sub Devonshire: Thomas "kinsman" of Earl of Gloucester [Thomas nepos Comitis Gloec.] "deb L. m. p t[er]ra sua de Chilcheton [Kilkhampton]" in 1158-59). Great Roll of the Pipe AD. 1159-1160 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. 2) (1884): 51 (sub Devonshire: Thomas styled "kinsman of [William] Earl of Gloucester" [Thomas nepos Com[itis] Gloec.] in 1159-60). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II of England). Clark Carta et alia Munimenta qua ad Dominium de Glamorgan 3 (1891): 80, 83, 85, & 101 (charters of William, Earl of Gloucester), 102 (confirmation charter of William, Earl of Gloucester). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 472 (Ex Obituatiis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Maii Obiit Hawis, comitissa Gloecestræ."), 474 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "23 Nov. Obiit Willelmus, comes Glocestriæ."). Revue Catholique de Normandie 5 (1895): 550-554. Report & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 465,469 (Extracts from the Pipe Rolls 5 Henry II, 1158-1159, Devonshire: Thomas, grandson of the Earl of Gloucester - In 1158-1159 he owed 50 marks for his land of Chittlehampton, Devon and 50 marks from a plea of William Fitz John). C.P.R. 1348-1350 (1905): 546 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman"[cognatus] by King Henry II of England in undated charter). Great Roll of the Pipe AD. 1175-1176 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. 25) (1904): 160 ("Tomas nepos comitis Gloec' [Thomas kinsman of the Earl of Gloucester] et Ricardus filius ejus reddt. comp. de .xl. m. pro eodem. In thesauro .xx. m. Et debent .xx. m."). Great Roll of the Pipe A.D. 1176-1177 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. 26) (1905): 22 ("Tomas nepos Comitis Gloecestr' [Thomas kinsman of the Earl of Gloucester] et Ricardus filius ejus reddunt comp. de .xx. m. pro eodem. In thesauro .x. 1. Et in perdona per breve Regis Ricardo de Graenuill' patri ipsius Tome .v. m. Et quieti suer."). Ballard British Borough Charters 1042-1216 (1913): 27-28 (charter of Hawise, Countess of Gloucester dated 1183-97). English Hist. Rev. 32 (1917): 245-248 (charter of Robert, Earl of Leicester, dated c.1150-60). Stenton Docs. illus. of the Social & Economic Hist. of the Danelaw (1920): 259-260. C.P. 5 (1926): 687-688 (sub Gloucester), 6 (1926): 502. Delisle & Berger Reared des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II of England). Sanders English Baronies (1960): 6. David Walker "Charters of the Earldom of Hereford, 1095-1201," in Camden Miscellany Vol. XXII (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 1) (1964): 19-20. Darlington Cartulary of Worcester Cathedral Priory (Register I) (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 38) (1968): 29-30. VCH Worcester 2 (1971): 156-158 (Priory of Cookhilll had "the mill of Carnpden [Chipping Campden, Gloucester] by the gift of Thomas, nephew of the earl of Gloucester."); also see Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire Arch. Soc. 9 (1884-85): 175. London Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 35) (1979): 190-191. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354. Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 148-149 (gift and confirmation of Thomas "nephew [recte kinsman] of the earl of Gloucester and Mabilla his wife; charter names Mabel's uncle, Richard de Greinvilla, "whose patrimony was all the land of Kilkhampton (Chilcumtonia)," Devon) [Note: Richard de Greinville was presumably the uncle of Thomas, not of his wife Mabel; see the Pipe Roll entry for 1176-7 above]. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William Ito Richard 12 (Selden Soc. 107) (1991): 600-601 (Jocelin [de Bohun], Bishop of Salisbury, styled "kinsman" by William, Earl of Gloucester). University of Toronto Deed Research Project, #01400102 (charter of William, Earl of Gloucester dated 1147-48) (available at http://res.deeds.utoronto.ca:49838/research). Worcestershire Rec. Office, Berrington Coll. 705:24/77 (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp).
Children of William Fitz Robert, by Hawise of Leicester:
i. ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER, son and heir apparent, son and heir, born at Cardiff. He died unmarried at Cardiff in 1166. C.P. 5 (1926): 689 (sub Gloucester). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne and Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert, son of Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II of England).
ii. MABEL OF GLOUCESTER, married in 1170 AMAURY III DE MONTFORT, Count of Evreux in Normandy. They had one son, Amaury [IV] [Count of Evreux, Earl of Gloucester]. Amaury III, Count of Evreux, died in 1187-93. She fined for custody of her heir and some or all of his lands by 1195. His widow, Mabel, died in 1198. C.P. 5 (1926): 689, 692-693 (sub Gloucester). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354. Power Norman Frontier in the 12th & Early 13th Cents. (2004): 32, 63, 64, 212, 230, 235, 294.
iii. AMICE OF GLOUCESTER, married RICHARD DE CLARE, Knt., 3rd Earl of Hertford [see CLARE 5].
iv. ISABEL OF GLOUCESTER, Countess of Gloucester, married (1st) JOHN, King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou [see ENGLAND 5]; (2nd) GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE, Knt., Earl of Essex [see ESSEX 2.i]; (3rd) HUBERT DE BURGH, Knt., Earl of Kent [see BARDOLF 8; SCOTLAND 4.1].
Illegitimate child of William Fitz Robert, by an unknown mistress, ___:
i. ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER. He married AGNES ___. His wife, Agnes, is mentioned in the Pipe Rolls in 1191, 1192, and 1194: Stenton Great Rolls of the Pipe: Mich. 1191 and Mich. 1192 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 2) (1926): 18 (Date: Mich. 1191 - "Agnes uxor Roberti f. comitis Gloec' debet lv m. per cartam."), 225 (Date: Mich. 1192 - "Agnes uxor Roberti f. comitis de Gloecr.' debet l m. per cartam."); Stenton Great Roll of the Pipe: Michaelmas 1194 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 5) (1928): 96 (Date: Mich. 1194 - "Agnes uxor Roberti f. comitis de Gloecr' debet 1 m. per cartam.").”
2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“ROBERT FITZ ROY, in right of his wife, of Gloucester, Bristol, Tewkesbury, and Cardiff, seigneur of Creully in Calvados, and Torigny in Manche, Normandy, illegitimate son, probably born about 1090. He witnessed charters of his father the king from about April 1113. He fought at the Battle of Brémulé in 1119, where his father, King Henry I, defeated King Louis VI of France. He married before 1122 MABEL FITZ ROBERT, daughter and heiress of Robert Fitz Hamon, of Gloucester, Bristol, Tewkesbury, and Cardiff, seigneur of Creully in Calvados, and Torigny in Manche, Normandy, hereditary Governor of Caen, by Sybil, daughter of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury. They had six sons, William [Earl of Gloucester], Philip, Hamon, Roger [Bishop of Worcester], Richard [seigneur of Creully], and Robert, and two daughters, Maud and Mabel. By an unknown mistress, he also had an illegitimate son, Richard [Bishop of Bayeux]. He was created Earl of Gloucester between June and September 1122. In 1123 he brought a force to assist in the capture of Brionne Castle, which was held by rebellious Norman barons. In 1126 he had the custody of his uncle, Robert, Duke of Normandy, as a prisoner at Bristol, and later at Cardiff. The same year he secured a working relationship with the Welsh-dominated church of south Wales, under its aggressive bishop, Urban. In 1127 he did homage to the Empress Maud, recognizing her as his father's successor in the kingdom. In 1130 he sanctioned the foundation of Neath Abbey. In 1133, following the death of Richard, Bishop of Bayeux, he was sent by his father to Bayeux to enquire as to the fees and services due to the see by its barons, knights, and vavasours. He was present at his father's death at Lions-le-Forêt in Dec. 1135, and had 60,000 livres from him, apparently as executor. On Stephen's subsequent accession to the English throne and his recognition as Duke by the Normans, Robert gave up Falaise to his agents, but removed his father's treasure. In March 1136 he returned to England, and after Easter did homage for his English lands. About this time or in the following year he founded St. James's Priory at Bristol. In 1137 he accompanied Stephen to Normandy, but they quarrelled, and next year his English and Welsh estates were forfeited. Thereupon he prepared for war with Stephen and took up the cause of his half-sister, Maud, in Normandy. In Sept. 1139 he landed in England with Maud and took her to Arundel Castle, and became her commander-in-chief in the civil war that ensued. His first significant campaign, once the empress was established in England, was directed at the city of Worcester, which he sacked 7 November 1139. In May 1140 he was delegated by his sister to negotiate at Bath with the king' envoys, but nothing came of the meeting. Later in 1140 he and the Earl of Warwick led a successful raid on Nottingham. In 1141 he and his son-in-law, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, recruited a large army, including a force of Welsh under the kings of Glamorgan and Gwynedd. Their army encountered the king's army near Lincoln and dispersed it, capturing the king himself. The king was removed to Gloucester and then to Bristol, Earl Robert's principal English castle. He subsequently accompanied Maud in her progress to Winchester and London, and when the citizens drove her out, he fled with her to Oxford. He was captured at Stockbridge 14 Sept. 1141, and taken prisoner to Rochester. Shortly afterwards, he was exchanged for King Stephen. In June 1142 Maud sent him over to her husband, Geoffrey of Anjou, to urge him to invade England; Geoffrey declined to help until he had conquered Normandy, whereupon Robert joined him in the campaign. Sometime between 1141-3, probably in June 1142, he signed a treaty friendship with Miles, Earl of Hereford, by which the two men agreed to support each other, especially in the war between King Stephen and Empress Maud. In 1143 he defeated King Stephen at Wilton. In 1144 he blockaded Malmesbury, Stephen refusing to battle; but Maud's party was so much reduced that Stephen was able to take Faringdon, which Robert had fortified. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1144-47. In the spring of 1147 he took Henry, Maud's son, back to Wareham and sent him over to Anjou. In his last year, probably on his deathbed, he made moves to assist the Cistercians, who were attempting to set up a house in upland Glamorgan; the resultant abbey of Margam counted him as its founder. ROBERT FITZ ROY, 1st Earl of Gloucester, died at Bristol 31 October 1147, and was buried in the Priory church of St. James, BristoL His widow, Mabel, Countess of Gloucester, died 29 Sept. 1157.
Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). D'Anisy Extrait des Chartes, et autres Actes Normands ou Anglo-Normands 1 (1834): 3-4 (charter of Roger de Creully, son of Richard, son of the Earl of Gloucester). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 1 (1848): 109 (Chronicle of Florence of Worcester: sub A.D. 1138: Philip [de] Gai styled "kinsman" of Robert, Earl of Gloucester [quendam comitis cognatum Philippum Gal nuncupatum]). Orderici Vitalis Ecclesiasticæ Historicæ Lbri Tredecim 5 (1855): 112-113 ([Christian], wife of William Fitz Alan, styled "kinswoman" of Robert, Earl of Gloucester [neptem Rodberti comitis Gloucestræ]). Arch. Cambrensis 3rd Ser. 8 (1862): 274 (13th Cent. Chronicle sub A.D. 1147: "Fundata est Abbatia de Margan a Roberto Comite Gloucestriæ qui constuxit castrum et turrim et Prioratum bead Jacobi Bristolliæ, qui comes eodem anno obiit et sepultus est in dicto prioratu."), 274 (sub A.D. 1157: "Obiit Mabilia Comitissa Gloucestriæ."). Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 47 (Tewkesbury Annals sub A.D. 1147: "Illustris comes Gloecestriæ Robertus oblit."), 48 (Tewkesbury Annals sub A.D. 1157: "Mabilia comitissa Gloucestriæ obiit"). Hart Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriæ 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1865): 10-11 (charter of Robert Fitz Roy, "counsul” of Gloucester dated 1139-47), 50 (charter of M[abel] Countess of Gloucester and her son, Earl William). Delisle Rouleaux des Morts du IXe au XVe Siècle (1866): 328-329. Handbook to the Cathedrals of England: Western Division (1874): 213-214. Arch. Cambnensis 4th Ser. 14 (1883): 7-63 ("Earl Robert was one of the greatest soldiers and most prudent, or perhaps astute, statesmen of his day."). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "29 Sept. [Obiit] Mabilia comitissa."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "31 Oct. [Obiit] Robertus comes."). Revue Catholique de Normandie 5 (1895): 550-554. Two Cartularies of the Augustinian Priory of Bruton & Cluniac Priory of Montacute (Somerset Rec. Soc. 8) (1894): 183-184 (two undated charters of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of the king, both of which name his wife, Countess Mabel). Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 504 (Nigel Fitz William, owner of lands at Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Robert, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1128) [see also VCH Middlesex 2 (1911): 400; Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 2 (1956): 221, 362]. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. D.N.B. 16 (1909): 1242-1244 (biog. of Robert, Earl of Gloucester). C.P. 5 (1926): 683-686 (sub Gloucester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 6. R. B. Patterson William of Maltnesbury's Robert of Gloucester: a Re-evaluation of the Historia Novella,' American Hist. Rev. 70 (1964-5): 983-997. Davis King Stephen (1967): 134 ("Robert fitz Roy or Robert de Caen, so called because he was the illegitimate son of Henry I by (probably) Sibyl daughter of Robert Corbet burgess of Caen, was created earl of Gloucester between June and September 1120 (Round, Geoffry de Mandeville 420 ff). On Henry I's death he at first hoped to raise Theobald Count of Blois to the throne, but eventually recognized Stephen as king in April 1136. After much hesitation he 'defied' Stephen after 22 May 1138, and from then until his death (31 October 1147) was the principal supporter of the empress Matilda."). Patterson Earldom of Gloucester Charters (1973). Coss Langley Cartulary (Dugdale Soc. 32) (1980): 11 (charter of Robert, Earl of Gloucester dated 1122-35). D. Crouch, 'Robert, earl of Gloucester, and the daughter of Zelophehad,' Jour. of Medieval Hist. 11(1985): 227-243. Green Government of Henry I (1986). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.658, XIII.1001-XIII.1005, X111.1179. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard II (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 191, 194-195, 249-250; 2 (Selden Soc. 107) (1991): 420-421, 600-601. Chibnall Empress Matilda (1991). Clanchy From Memory to Written Rec., England 1066-1307 (1993): 54-55. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Crouch 'Robert of Gloucester' Mother & Sexual Politics in Norman Oxfordshire,' Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. BIHR 72 (1999): 323-333. Crouch Reign of King Stephen, 1135-1154 (2000): 215 (Philip de Gay styled "kinsman" of Robert, Earl of Gloucester [quendam comitis cognatum Philippum Gal nuncupatum]). Hollister Henry I (2003). Johns Noblewomen, Aristocracy & Power in the 12th Cent. Anglo-Norman Realm (2003): 94-95. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) (biog. of Robert, first earl of Gloucester: "Robert of Gloucester was one of the great aristocrats of his age. Between 1121 and his death he was rarely rivalled in England for power, wealth, and politial influence. He was a consummate creature of the royal court, a great man of business, affable, and courtly."). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Stacy Charters & Custumals of Shaftesbury Abbey, 1089-1216 (2006): xii. University of Toronto Deed Research Project, #00810095 (agreement between Robert, Earl of Gloucester and Miles, Earl of Hereford dated 1141-43) (available at http://res.deeds.utoronto.ca:49838/research).
Children of Robert Fitz Roy, by Mabel Fitz Robert:
i. WILLIAM FITZ ROBERT, Earl of Gloucester [see next].
ii. ROBERT FITZ ROBERT, of Conarton, Cornwell, married HAWISE DE REDVERS [see CHAMPERNOUN 4].
iii. MAUD OF GLOUCESTER, married RANULPH DE GERNONS, 2nd Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 4].
iv. MABEL OF GLOUCESTER, married GRUFFUDD AB IVOR BACH, of Senghenydd, Glamorgan. They had one son, Rhys. At an unknown date, he granted Awenet to Brother Meiler for a hermitage or abbey. In the period, c. 1150-53, Earl William of Gloucester gave confirmation of this grant to Margam Abbey. About 1179 he granted land at Leckwith to Margam Abbey. Patterson Earldom of Gloucester Charters (1973): 115. Clark Carter et alia Munimenta qua ad Dominium de Glamorgan 3 (1891): 102 (confirmation charter of William, Earl of Gloucester), 112-113 (charter of Gruffudd ab Ivor Bach dated c.1179; which names his deceased mother, Nesta; charter witnessed by his "kinsman" [nepote] Ivor Peredeu).”
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Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
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