| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“ALICE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, daughter and co-heiress, married in 1103 RALPH (or RADULPH) DE TONY, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, seigneur of Conches, Acquigny, Portes, and Toéni (now Tosny), and, in right of his wife, of Brinkley, Kirtling, and Whittlesford, Cambridgeshire, Walthamstow, Essex, etc., 2nd but eldest Surviving son and heir of Ralph (or Radulph) de Tony, seigneur of Conches and Toéni (now Tosny), lord of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, Lower Swell, Gloucestershire, Matching, Essex, Little Cressingham and Necton, Norfolk, etc., by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Simon de Montfort, seigneur of Montfort l’Amaury. He was an adult by 1102. They had four sons, Roger, Ralph, Hugh, and Simon, and one daughter, Isabel (wife of Walter Fitz Richard). He served in the army of King Henry II at the Battle of Tinchebrai in 1106. In 1123 Ralph confirmed the gifts of his mother, Isabel, to the nuns of Fontevraud. At an unknown date, he gave his land in the little hall in Westley Waterless, Cambridgeshire to Agnes de Valoines. RALPH DE TONY died about 1126, and was buried in Châtillon-les-Conches Abbey in Normandy. Sometime in the period, 1141-48, his widow, Alice granted the church of Walthamstow, Essex to the canons of the Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate. At an unknown date, she also gave 1/2 hide in Durnford, Wilshire to the Templars.
Blomefield Essay towards a Top. Hist. of Norfolk 2 (1805): 319-330. Lysons Environs of London 1(2) (1811): 699-700. Clutterbuck Hist. & Antiq. of the County of Hertford 1 (1815): 353-360. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(1) (1846): 152 (undated charter of Aliz de Toeni to the Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate; charter names Ralph [Radulphi] de Toeni her late husband, and her children, Roger, Simon, and Isabel) this charter was confirmed by Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, 576 (charter of Ralph de Tony and his wife, Aelic [sic], and their sons, Roger and Ralph, to Westacre Priory); 6(2) (1846): 995 (charter of Ralph de Tony and Godehelde his mother to Wootten Wawen Priory, Warwickshire; charter witnessed by his wife, Isabel, and his son, Ralph). Munford Analysis of the Domesday Book of the County of Norfolk (1858): 32-34. Charpillon Dictionnaire historique de toutes les Communes du Département de l'Eure (1868): 791-800. Maclean Parochial & Fam. Hist. of Blisland (1868): 64-66 (Tony-Beauchamp ped.). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Madan Gresleys of Drakelowe (Colls. Hist. Staffs. n.s. 1) (1898): 1-15. Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 5 (1906): 91. Metals Châteaux en Eure-et-Loir 2 (Archives du Diocese de Chartres 13) (1908): Nogent-le-Roi, son Château et ses Seigneurs, 4-5 (author states Ralph de Tony died in 1120). Page Hist. of the County of London 1 (1909): 465-475. Farrer Feudal Cambridgeshire (1920): 50 (chart). C.P. 12(1) (1953): 760-762 (sub Tony). Giles Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis in Original Lives of Anglo-Saxons and others who lived before the Conquest (Caxton Soc. 16) (1954): 1-30. Saltman Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury (1956): 388 (confirmation charter of Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, to the canons of Holy Trinity of the church of Walthamstow, Essex given to them by Alice de Toeni). Sanders English Baronies (1960): 117. VCH Essex 6 (1973): 253-263. Ancient Deeds-Series A (List & Index Soc. 151) (1978): 27-28. VCH Cambridge 6 (1978): 136-141, 177-182; 8 (1978): 263-276. Procs. Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 2 (1979): 118-140. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters 1100-1268 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): vliii-xlvii, lx (Tosny ped.), 202. VCH Wiltshire 15 (1995): 79-93. Neininger English Episcopal Acta: London, 1076-1187 (1999): 38 (confirmation of the grant of the church of Walthamstow, Essex by Alice de Tosny to Holy Trinity Aldgate Priory, London; charter probably dated 1141 x 1148). Green Aristocracy of Norman England (2002): 417. Power Norman Frontier in the 12th & Early 13th Cents. (2004): 296-297, 382 (chart). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 291 (chart), 303 (chart)."
2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF LENS, born about 1054. She married after January 1070 WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland, lord of Potton, Bedfordshire, Waltharnstow, Essex, Conington, Leighton Bromswold, Little Catford, and Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, Barnack, East Farndon, Fotheringay, Harringworth, and Lilford, Northamptonshire, etc., son and heir of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, by Ælfflaed, daughter of Earl Ealdred. They had two daughters, Maud [Queen of Scotland] and Alice. He was still young at the death of his father in 1055. He was active against the Norman in the northern counties and especially at York in 1069. In 1070 he made his peace with King William the Conqueror. He occurs as one of the witnesses to King William's charter to Wells dated 1068. He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advise of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Waltheof with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterwards the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with the vill. She was living in 1086, and presumably died about 1090.
Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 159 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1076: "Walthevus Comes decollatus est."). Lysons Environs of London 1(2) (1811): 699-700. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 522-523. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. illus. the Hist. of Scotland 1 (1837): 100-101 xxx (Cronica Canonicorum Beate Marie Huntingdon: "David qui regnavit et duxit Matildam Comitissam Huntingd' neptem Willelmi Regis Anglorum filiam Ivette que fuit filia Lamberti de Louns Comitis."). Col. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Rolls Ser. 45) (1866): 294-295 (Judith [of Lens], wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "king's kinswoman" [consanguineam regis] [i.e., kinswoman of King William the Conqueror]). Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 813-815 (re. connection of Earl Waltheof with conspiracy of Ralph). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Searle Ingulf & the Historia Croylandensis (1894): 104-110 (biog. of Earl Waltheof, the martyr). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Rutland Mag. & County Hist. Rec. 3 (1908): 97-106, 129-137. VCH Bedford 2 (1908): 237-242; 3 (1912): 280-281, 296-305. Pubs. of Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 9 (1925): 23-34. VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 227-231. VCH Huntingdon 3 (1936): 86-92, 144-151, 203-212. Arch. Aeliana 30 (1952): 200-201. Giles Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis in Original Lives of Anglo-Saxons and others who lived before the Conquest (Caxton Soc. 16) (1954): 1-30. Offler Durham Episcopal Charters 1071-1152 (1968): 2, 5, 6, 16n, 27, 30-31, 39-47. VCH Essex 6 (1973): 253-263. VCH Cambridge 6 (1978): 177-182. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.227, XII.398-XII.399. Schwennicke Europaische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Bower Scotichronicon 3 (1995): 64-65 & 126-127 (instances of Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "niece" [neptis] of King William the Conqueror). Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigny 2 (1995): 270-273 (Deeds of the Norman Dukes: "Waltheof had three daughters by his wife [Judith], a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who was a uterine sister of William the elder, king of the English. Simon de Senlis married another of Earl Waltheof’s daughters and received with her the earldom of Huntingdon. He had by her a son called Simon. After the death of Earl Simon, David, brother of secundae Maud, queen of the English, married his widow, by whom he had one son. After the death of his brothers Duncan and Alexander, kings of Scots, he became king. Another of Waltheof’s daughters, Judith [recte Alice], married Rodolf de Toeny, as we have already mentioned. The third daughter [recte granddaughter] was married by Robert Fitz Richard, as we have also mentioned above."). William The English & the Norman Conquest (1995). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart).
Children of Judith of Lens, by Waltheof of Northumberland:
i. MAUD OF NORTHUMBERLAND [see next].
ii. ALICE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, married RALPH DE TONY, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire [see TONY 3].”
3. From Wikipedia accessed 1 Sep 2019
"Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria
"Waltheof of Northumbria" redirects here. For the earlier earl of that name, see Waltheof of Bamburgh.
Waltheof
Earl of Northumbria
Reign: 1072-1076
Predecessor: Cospatrick of Northumbria
Successor: William Walcher
Died: 31 May 1076
St. Giles's Hill, Winchester
Buried: Croyland Abbey
Spouse(s): Judith of Lens
Issue
Maud, Countess of Huntingdon
Adelise
Father Siward, Earl of Northumbria
Mother Ælfflaed
Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumbria (died 31 May 1076) was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls and the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I.
Early life
Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia, son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria. In 1054, Waltheof's brother, Osbearn, who was much older than he, was killed in battle, making Waltheof his father's heir. Siward himself died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom.
Waltheof was said to be devout and charitable and was probably educated for a monastic life. Around 1065, however, he became an earl, governing Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire. Following the Battle of Hastings he submitted to William and was allowed to keep his pre-Conquest title and possessions. He remained at William's court until 1068.
First revolt
When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069, Waltheof and Edgar Aetheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York. He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom, and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens. In 1072, he was appointed Earl of Northampton.
The Domesday Book mentions Waltheof ("Walleff"): "'In Hallam ("Halun"), one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs. This land Roger de Busli holds of the Countess Judith." (Hallam, or Hallamshire, is now part of the city of Sheffield)
In 1072, William expelled Gospatric from the earldom of Northumbria. Gospatric was Waltheof's cousin and had taken part in the attack on York with him, but like Waltheof, had been pardoned by William. Gospatric fled into exile and William appointed Waltheof as the new earl.
Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uchtred the Bold, and his grandfather Ealdred. This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them, succeeding in killing the two eldest of four brothers.
Second revolt and death
In 1075 Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement. However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc and then in person to William, who was at the time in Normandy. He returned to England with William but was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death.
He spent almost a year in confinement before being beheaded on 31 May 1076 at St. Giles's Hill, near Winchester. He was said to have spent the months of his captivity in prayer and fasting. Many people believed in his innocence and were surprised when the execution was carried out. His body was initially thrown into a ditch, but was later retrieved and buried in the chapter house of Crowland Abbey in Lincolnshire.
Cult of martyrdom
[Image of stone statue with the following explanation:] Statue traditionally identified as Waltheof, at Croyland Abbey, west front of ruined nave, 4th tier
In 1092, after a fire in the chapter house, the abbot had Waltheof's body moved to a prominent place in the abbey church. When the coffin was opened, it is reported that the corpse was found to be intact with the severed head re-joined to the trunk.[1] This was regarded as a miracle, and the abbey, which had a financial interest in the matter began to publicise it. As a result, pilgrims began to visit Waltheof's tomb. He was commemorated on 31 August.[2][3]
After a few years healing miracles were reputed to occur in the vicinity of Waltheof's tomb, often involving the restoration of the pilgrim's lost sight.
Waltheof also became the subject of popular media, heroic but inaccurate accounts of his life being preserved in the Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis, a Middle English Waltheof saga, since lost, and the Anglo-Norman Waldef.
Family and children
In 1070 Waltheof married Judith de Lens, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale. They had three children, the eldest of whom, Maud, brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland, and another, Adelise, married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny.
One of Waltheof's grandsons was Waltheof (d. 1159), abbot of Melrose.
In popular culture
Waltheof was portrayed by actor Marcus Gilbert in the TV drama Blood Royal: William the Conqueror (1990).
Waltheof is the subject of Juliet Dymoke's 1970 historical novel Of the Ring of Earls
Waltheof is a major character in Elizabeth Chadwick's 2002 historical novel The Winter Mantle
Waltheof is a character in Parke Godwin's 1991 historical novel Sherwood
References
1. Webb, Diana Pilgrimage in Medieval England Hambledon and London 2000 pp32-3 ISBN 185285250X
2. "Den hellige Waldef av Croyland ( -1076)". Den katolske kirke. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
3. Farmer, David (14 April 2011). The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, Fifth Edition Revised. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 August 2017 - via Google Books.
Sources
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Waltheof". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chronicle of Britain ISBN 1-872031-35-8
Hunt, William (1899). "Waltheof (d.1076)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Lewis, C. P. "Waltheof, earl of Northumbria (c.1050-1076)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28646.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
External links
Waltheof 2 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England"
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