| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. Reviewed Rootsweb.com Worldconnect 8 Dec 2002. Parents are Jehial Bradford, b. 1804 in Berkshire, Lower Canada, and Abigail Sprague, b. 1812 in either Aurelia, Cayuga, NY or Simpson, St. Lawrence, NY. Birth dates vary for Tryphenia using either 20 or 30 Sep 1845 but with no documentation; I use 13 Sep 1845 because of cemetery records.
2. Censuses:
1850 US: Great Salt Lake, Utah, p. 159 of 180, house and family 2:
Abigail Bradford, 37, $100, NY.
Mary, 18, IN.
Rosell, 17, m., IN.
Sylvester, 10, IN.
Pleasant, 8, IL.
Tryphania, 5, IL.
Abigal, 2, Deseret.
Elizabeth, 1, Deseret.
Elizabeth Lewis, 19, MO.
1860 US: Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, p. 27 of 79, p. 27 of 79, 8 Aug 1860, house 1781, family 177:
Abigail Bradford, 47, $500, NY.
Sylvester, 21, farm laborer, $500, IN.
Triphena, 16, IL.
Abigail, 10, UT.
Elizabeth Lewis, 28, $500, MO.
1870 US: Spanish Fork, Utah, Utah, p. 4 of 37, 1 Aug 1870, house 31, family 28:
George G. Hales, farmer, $250, $225, IL.
Tryphena, 24, IL.
George, 5, UT.
Julia A., 3, UT.
Hiel B., 2/12, UT.
3. Polygamous court case papers of the U.S. District Courts for the Territory of Utah 1870-1896; National Archives, FHL film 1,616,338. The microfilm starts with this background paper: "The system of territorial government established by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was a model for later legislation of the same kind, including the act establishing the territorial government of Utah, passed Sep. 9, 1850 (9 Stat. 455). But the balance between federally appointed territorial governors and judges on the one hand and territorial legislatures on the other, which worked well enough for the rest of the U.S. territories, did not work in Utah. There the Mormon community had already established its own 'State of Deseret' in 1849, and the federal attempt to graft its own authority onto the existing structure was a failure. The territorial government in Utah retained the character of its Mormon predecessor for some two decades, its members looking to Brigham Young for leadership. Federal appointees had to work within the existing polity because there was very little, short of a full-scale war, that Congress or the Executive in Washington could do to protect and support them. After the Union victory in the Civil War and the coming of the transcontinental railroad to Salt Lake City, federal authority began to assert itself, nowhere more emphatically than in the courts. Crusading federal Judge James B. McKean, appointed in 1870, attacked the 'probate' courts for usurping judicial powers properly belonging to the federal courts in the territory. These local probate courts had been recognized along with the federal courts by the 1850 establishment law, and the territorial legislature had, by an act passed on Feb. 4, 1852, given them the same powers as the federal courts, reducing the latter to judging the few cases that locals were willing to take before them. McKean managed to change this situation somewhat, succeeding in convening grand juries to investigate persons suspected of plural marriage and obtaining hundreds of indictments and convictions for adultery and bigamy. Some of these cases reached the Supreme Court, which promptly threw them out on grounds that the federal judge in Utah had no authority to try such cases. Congress took the hint and also its first real step toward righting the balance of authority in Utah in 1874 by passing the Poland Laws (18 Stat. 255), which officially returned the probate courts to their original status as administrators of wills and estates. In addition, the offices of territorial marshal and attorney general, which had overlapped similar federal offices, were abolished. On Mar. 22, 1882, Congress took an even more decisive step: the Edmund-Tucker Act (22 Stat. 30) made polygamy a crime punishable by fine or imprisonment. It also disqualified persons who believed in or practiced polygamy from holding public office or participating in jury duty. The passage of this act sent many prominent Mormons into hiding and intimidated the rest of the community. Between 1888 and 1893 more than 1,000 verdicts in cases of unlawful cohabitation were secured. Undoubtedly federal court actions played a significant role in the church's decision in 1890 to end its approval of plural marriage. This action signaled the beginning of the accommodation of the church to the national system. After five unsuccessful attempts by the territorial government, Utah was finally granted statehood on Jan. 4, 1896 (28 Stat. 111)."
Files for case No. 1703, 1st District Court, Utah Territory, for Geo. G. Hales include the following documents:
A. Indictment for Polygamy, May 19, 1888. Grand Jury witnesses: Maria H. Hales, Charles S. Hales, Gillet Hales, Mary Ann Mellor, John F. Mellor, Jane Bradford. Partial text: "The Grand Jurors of the United States of America, within and for the district aforesaid, at the term and in the Territory aforesaid, being duly empanelled, sworn and charged, on their oaths do find and present that George G. Hales late of said district, heretofore, to-wit: on or about the fifth day of May in the year of our Lord 1873, and at the County of Utah in the Territory aforesaid did marry and take to wife one Maria H. Hales and did then and there have her as his lawful wife. That afterwards to wit on the 11th day of Nov. A.D. 1885 at this County of Cache in the Territory aforesaid and within the jurisdiction of this Court, and whilst his lawful wife the said Maria H. Hales was still alive he the said George G. Hales did unlawfully marry and take to wife one Mary Ann Mellor thereby committing the offence of Polygamy against the form of the statute of the said United States, in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the same."
B. Subpoena, County of Beaver, May 12, 1889: US Marshal subpoenas the Grand Jury witnesses to the Beaver courthouse on May 15, 1889.
C. Warrant for Arrest, May 13, 1889, Beaver City, for unlawful cohabitation, bail of $1500.
D. Minute Book Entry of May 17, 1889: Lists the Jurors and renders a verdict of "guilty as charged."
E. Judgment, May 21, 1889, partial text: "The United States District Attorney, with the defendant and his counsel, Presly Dewy came into court. The defendant was duly informed by the Court of the nature of the indictment found against him for the crime of unlawful cohabitation with more than one woman and continuously therefrom until May 1st, 1889 committed on the 1st day of July 1886 (of his trial of May 17, 1889 and the verdict of the jury guilty as charged) of his arraignment and plea of not guilty as charged in said indictment. The defendant was then asked if he had any legal cause to show why judgment should not be pronounced against him, to which he replied that he had none. And no sufficient cause being shown or appearing to the Court, thereupon the Court rendered its judgment: That whereas the said John W. Berry having been convicted in this Court of the crime of unlawful cohabitation with more than one woman. It is therefore ordered, adjudged and decreed, that the said John W. Berry is guilty of the crime of unlawful cohabitation with more than one woman and that he be punished by being required to pay a fine of $300 and the cash herein taxed at $130, and that the same be paid into the clerk's office of this Court, and that he standed committed until the said fine and costs be paid. The defendant was then remanded to the custody of the United States Marshall of said Territory, to be by him delivered into the custody of the proper officers of said Penitentiary."
4. Tripenia came with the 3rd 10 of the 1st 50 of the 2nd 100 pioneers of 1847. Reference: Pioneers of 1847. Easton, Susan W.
BIOGRAPHY:
1. The book "Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude" by Daughters of Utah Pioneers: "Tryphena Bradford Hales, b. 30 Sep 1845 at Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, d. 15 Apr 1873 at Spanish fork, Utah, Utah, parents are Jehial Bradford and Abigail Sprague, pioneer of 1 Oct 1847 with the Edward Hunter Wagon Train, spouse was George Gillet Hales m. 15 Oct 1864 in Salt Lake City (he dies 31 Jan 1907 at Provo, Utah, Utah. Children:
George, 12 Aug 1865
Julie Ann (Betts), 10 Aug 1867
Hail Bradford, 8 Oct 1869
Charles Stephen, 11 Jul 1872
Tryphena was born in Nauvoo, 1845. About a month before she was born, her father died. She was the seventh child. As an infant she left Nauvoo in 1846 with her mother, three brothers, a sister and her grandparents. At Winter Quarters her grandmother died. In 1847, they arrived in the Salt Lake Valley. She with the rest of her family, endured many hardships after they reached Utah. At one time they had not tasted bread for six weeks, living on nettles, roots and fish. They had to kill their only ox to survive. Their first home was an earthen dugout. After the first winter they moved into the 'Old Fort.' Then at the time of Johnston's Army they lived at West Jordan with her stepfather, Archibald Gardner and his eight wives. Tryphena and her two brothers were very close to each other. They were all three married on the same day in the Endowment House and moved to Spanish Fork. Tryphena was a devoted wife and mother. She had a cheerful disposition. The Relief Society was scheduled on April 15, 1873 to be held in her home. She stepped outside, picked up her baby, began hemorrhaging and they carried her to her bed and sent for her husband who was working in the field. Tryphena passed away at the the age of 28 leaving four small children."
BIRTH:
1. Per cemetery record cited below: 13 Sep 1845. I use this date.
2. Per DUP biography cited above: 30 Sep 1845.
3. Parents: Jehial or Hial Bradford and Abigail Sprague.
4. FHL film 392655 "LDS Patriarchal Blessings Index": Tryphena Hales, b. 30 Sep 1845 at Nauvoo, Illinois, parents Hial Bradford and Abigail ___. Blessing date 7 Sep 1869 at Spanish Fork, Utah. Lineage: Ephraim. Patriarch John Smith. Vol.44, p. 376.
MARRIAGE:
1. Per DUP biography cited above.
DEATH:
1. Date per cemetery record cited below.
2. Per DUP biography cited above.
BURIAL:
1. FHL film 231907 Spanish Fork Cemetery Records: "Bradford, Triphena (or per Book A: Tryphena), b. 13 Sep 1845 at Nauvoo, Hancock, Ill., d. 15 Apr. 1873, bur. Spanish Fork, parents are Hial Bradford and Abigail Sprague."
2. "Index to the Utah County Cemeteries, 1850's to 1996," compiled by Diane R. Parkinson and located at the family history center at the BYU Provo library: 13 Sep 1845 - 15 Apr 1873 Spanish Fork.
SOURCES_MISC:
1. 18 Dec 2002 website .
2. Nauvoo LDS Land and Records Office research file (copy in my possession as of 2 Jun 2007) provides the following information (also partially viewable at www.earlylds.com).
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Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
1845 - 1873 (27 years)