Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy

William Mangum

Male 1811 - 1888  (76 years)


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  • Name William Mangum 
    Born 25 Dec 1811  , Maury, Tennessee, United States Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Gender Male 
    Died 26 Feb 1888  Circleville, Piute, Utah, United States Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Buried Circleville Cemetery, Circleville, Piute, Utah, United States Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Person ID I1295  Petersen-de Lanskoy
    Last Modified 27 May 2021 

    Father John Mangum,   b. 19 Jan 1763, , Lunenburg, Virginia, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. From 2 Mar 1842 to 4 Mar 1844, Fulton, Itawamba, Mississippi, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 79 years) 
    Mother Rebecca Canida,   b. 10 Oct 1785, , , Pennsylvania, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 23 Feb 1847, Winter Quarters (now Florence), Douglas, Nebraska, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 61 years) 
    Married 19 Jan 1809  Eaton Township, Warren, Ohio, United States Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Family ID F869  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

    Family 1 Sarah or Sally Ada Adair,   b. 27 Dec 1815, , , Tennessee, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 5 Jul 1852, near Loup River Ford, Platte, Nebraska, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 36 years) 
    Married Abt 1833  of, Pickens, Alabama, United States Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Children 
     1. Armelia Caroline Mangum,   b. 21 Mar 1834, , Pickens, Alabama, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 15 Dec 1916, Garland, Box Elder, Utah, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 82 years)
     2. Thomas Jefferson Mangum,   b. 8 Dec 1835, , Pickens, Alabama, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 1839, , Pickens, Alabama, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 3 years)
     3. Sarah Frances Mangum,   b. 11 Sep 1838, , Pickens, Alabama, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 28 Oct 1889, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 51 years)
     4. Cyrus Franklin Mangum,   b. 29 Sep 1840, , Itawamba, Mississippi, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 29 Sep 1896, Corinne or Trinidad, Box Elder, Utah, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 56 years)
     5. William Young Mangum,   b. 5 Oct 1845, , Itawamba, Mississippi, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 28 Jun 1847, Mount Pisgah, Union, Iowa, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 1 years)
     6. Marinda Elizabeth Mangum,   b. 7 Oct 1850, Mount Pisgah, Union, Iowa, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 28 Jun 1852, Mormon Pioneer Trail, , Nebraska, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 1 years)
    Last Modified 28 May 2021 
    Family ID F374  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

    Family 2 Sarah Delight Potter,   b. 9 Sep 1830, Salisbury or Schuyler, Herkimer, New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. 9 Jun 1905, Smoot, Lincoln, Wyoming, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 74 years) 
    Married 3 Apr 1853  Payson, Utah, Utah, United States Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Last Modified 28 May 2021 
    Family ID F868  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  • Notes 
    • RESEARCH_NOTES:
      1. Some LDS genealogies give middle name of Perry or Henry. No basis for those names can be found.

      2. I have on file BLM land record in Itawamba Co., MS, which was signed by William P. Mangum according to the land patent report. It was signed 1/13/1845 in the Ponotoc land office and was under the authority of the April 24, 1820 Cash Entry Sale (3 Stat. 566). This could be the same William since we know he was there at that time. The legal land description is Nr. 1, Aliquot Parts SE, Sec/Blk 32/, Township 8-S, Fract. Sect. N, Chickasaw Meridian, 72.71 acres in Itawamba Co., Mississippi.

      3. Censuses:
      1830 US: Pickens Co., Alabama, pages 111-112. The first three related families are all on the same page, the next four related families are on the next page, and James Adair (with son Joseph) is on p. 129:
      Thos. Peeks, males 0-5:1; 5-10:1; 20-30:1; females 0-5:1; 5-10:1; 10-15:1; 30-40:1.
      John Mangum, males 5-10:1; 10-15:2; 15-20:1; 60-70:1; females 0-5:1; 5-10:1; 10-15:1; 30-40:1.
      Cyrus Mangum, males 20-30:1; females 0-5:1; 15-20:1.
      Saml. Carson, males 20-30:1; females 20-30:1; 80-90:1.
      Saml. Adair, males 20-30:1; females 20-30:1.
      Thos. Adair, males 5-10:1; 10-15:1; 15-20:1; 50-60:1; females 0-5:1; 5-10:1; 10-15:1; 40-50:1.
      Daniel Clark (next door), males 0-5:1; 30-40:1; females 0-5:1; 20-30:1.
      James Adair, males 0-5:2; 15-20:1; 20-30:2 (Joseph b. 1806); 60-70:1; females 15-20:1; 20-30:2; 60-7-:1; no slaves.

      1840 US: Northern District, Itawamba Co., Mississippi, related families from full survey of county census:
      P. 136a: Samuel Adair, males 0-5:2; 5-10:2; 30-40:1; females 0-5:1; 30-40:1. No slaves listed.
      P. 144a: John Mangum, males 15-20:1; 70-80:1; females 10-15:1; 15-20:1; 50-60:1. No slaves listed.
      P. 150a: Joseph Adair, males 30-40:1; females 20-30:1. No slaves listed.
      P. 156a: Thomas Adair, males 20-30: 1; females 0-5: 1; 15-20:1. No slaves listed.
      P. 157a: William Mangum, Jr., males 5-10:1; 20-30:1; females 0-5:1; 5-10:1; 20-30:1. No slaves listed.

      1850 US: Dist. 21, Pottawattamie, Iowa, p. 137b, dwelling and family 1166, neighbor with John Price:
      William Mangum, 39, AL.
      Sarah, 33, AL.
      Caroline, 15, AL.
      Sarah, 12, AL.
      Cyrus, 10, AL.

      1851 Iowa State: Pottawattamie County. FHL film 1022203. The entire state was counted but only Pottawattamie listed everyone by name in the household and their ages; other counties only listed the head of the household and a numerical count without names of the various ages by sex in the household. No date is given when the census was taken but it was certified in Dec. 1851; however, the other counties show a Sep 1851 date which also appears more likely for Pottawattamie as well in light of ages given some children with known birthdays in October. Census return:
      Mangum: William 39, Sarah 36, Amelia C. 16, Sarah F. 12, Cyrus F. 10, Marinda 0. [Note next door neighbors are the Thomas/Mary Adair and John/Mary A. Mangum families. The Samuel Adair {with Samuel's daughter John/Permelia Holden family next door to him} is also listed but half the census away in a different part of the county. No other Adairs, Mangums, nor any Richeys listed in census.]

      1852 Iowa: not listed in FHL book heads of household index for the 1852 Iowa census.

      1860 US: Washington, Washington, Utah, enumerated 27 Jul 1860, page 1035 indicates house #1292 and family #1116 (Samuel Adair, Thomas Adair, Wesley Adair, James Richey, Geo. W. Adair, James Mangum, John Mangum, Valentine Carson, John Price, William Mangum, Cyrus Mangum, Samuel N. Adair are all listed as neighbors):
      Wm. Mangum, 50, Herdsman, $250 real estate, $300 personal property, AL.
      Delight, 30, NY.
      Henry, 8, IA.
      Adison, 6, UT.
      Jno., 4, UT.
      Wm. C., 2, UT.
      Delila A., 2/12, UT.
      Cyrus, 16, MS.

      1870 US: Washington, Washington, Utah, enum. 6 Jul 1870, Roll 1613 Book 1, p. 413b, household 75, family 73 (related neighbors out of a total of 108 homes include the following heads of households: John Wesley Adair, Charles Searles, John Milton Adair, Valentine Carson, William Mangum, Jeremiah Stayner, and Samuel J. Adair); note that it appears census taker got spouses birth states mixed up:
      William Mangum, 59, farmer, $150 real estate, $250 personal property, NY.
      Delight, 39, Invalid, TN.
      Joseph H., 17, work on farm, IA.
      Martha, 16, keeping house, UT.
      John A. 13, at home, UT.
      Delila, 10, UT.
      Mary J., 6, UT.
      Emily A., 4, UT.

      1880 US, National Archives film T9-1339, p. 375C for Washington, Washington, Utah:
      William Mangum, Laborer, Self M M W 68 TN Fa:Sc Mo:Pa
      Delight Mangum, Keep house, Wife F M W 47 NY Fa:NY Mo:NY
      Delighly Mangum, House keeper, Dau F S W 20 UT Fa:TN Mo:NY
      3 boarders with last names of Stringham and Farley

      4. Children per family group sheet prepared by Enid Willardson for marriage with Sarah Delight Potter: She notes mother, Sarah, married (2) William Boothe. [Edits per the book "John Mangum, American Revolutionary War Soldier and Descendants," 1986, p. 30, by Delta Ivie Mangum Hale.]:
      a. Martin Addison, b. 21 Jan 1854, Payson, Utah, Utah, m. Mary Jane Ruby, 26 Jan 1877, d. 10 Mar 1891. [Mangum Book states death place was Circleville, Piute, UT.]
      b. John Arnold, b. 25 Nov 1855, Payson, Utah, Utah, m. Mary Ellen Crow, 16 Feb 1877, d. 14 Jan 1940.
      c. William Carlos, b. 18 Jun 1858, Santa Clara or Washington, Washington, UT, d. Aug 1863. [Mangum Book states birth and death places were both Washington, Washington, UT.]
      d. Delila Ann, b. 30 May 1860, Washington, Washington, UT, d. 27 Aug 1887. [Mangum Book states birth place as St. George.]
      e. David Jacob, b. 30 May 1862, St. George or Washington, Washington, UT, d. Nov 1862. [Mangum Book states birth place as St. George.]
      f. Mary Jane, b. 14 or 19 Jan 1864, Washington or Diamond Valley, Washington, UT, m. (1) Joseph Algar, m. (2) Peter Pitts, d. 14 Oct 1928. [Mangum Book states birth date 11 Jan 1864 at Diamond Valley; Death 14 Oct 1923 McGill, White Pine, Nevada.]
      g. Emily Almira, b. 2 or 10 Mar 1866, Washington, Washington, UT m. Levison Hancock, d. 1953. [Mangum Book states birth 20 Mar 1866; death 11 Nov 1950 Bluebell, Duchesne, Utah.]
      h. Harriet Adeline b. 13 Jan 1869, Washington, Washington, UT, d. Jun 1869. [Mangum Book states death place Washington, Wash., UT.]

      Alt. edit as follows: children per family group sheet prepared by Enid Willardson: She notes mother, Sarah, married (2) William Boothe. [Modifications added per Ancestry.com database "Piute".]
      a. Martin Addison, b. 21 Jan 1854, Payson, Utah, Utah, m. Mary Jane Ruby, 26 Jan 1877, d. 10 Mar 1891 [of 9 Mar 1992 in Circleville, Piute, UT and bur. same place].
      b. John Arnold, b. 25 Nov 1855, Payson, Utah, Utah, m. Mary Ellen Crow, 16 Feb 1877, d. 14 Jan 1940 [in Nampa, Canyon, ID and bur. 19 Jan 1940 in Idaho Falls, Bonneville, ID].
      c. William Carlos, b. 18 Jun 1858, Santa Clara or Washington, Washington, UT, d. [27] Aug 1863.
      d. Delila Ann, b. 30 May 1860, Washington, Washington, UT, d. 27 Aug 1887.
      e. David Jacob, b. 30 May [or Mar] 1862, St. George or Washington, Washington, UT, d. Nov 1862.
      f. Mary Jane, b. 14 or 19 Jan 1864, Washington or Diamond Valley, Washington, UT, m. (1) Joseph [Johnson] Algar [or Alger], m. (2) Peter Pitts, d. 14 Oct 1928 [or 27 Dec 1926].
      g. Emily Almira, b. [20] Mar 1866, Washington, Washington, UT m. Levison Hancock [17 Oct 1879 in St. George, Washington, UT], d. 1953 [or 11 Nov 1950 in Pleasant Valley, Duschesne, UT].
      h. Harriet Adeline b. 13 Jan 1869, Washington, Washington, UT, d. Jun 1869.

      5. Unsure as to which Mangum the following story refers, but William Mangum may be a candidate subject to verification. He is the right age but his history seems to make him less a guide and more a farmer and furniture maker. Two days before Geo. Adair, Jacob Hamblin, and Joe Mangum had left the Powell group on the banks of the Colorado River. Frederick S. Dellenbaugh in his book "A Canyon Voyage, The Narrative of the Second Powell Expedition," pp. 154-157, 1871: "On Tuesday [Oct. 31] we built a shelter back of camp for the 'Nell' and housed her there. The next day was the first of November and we thought surely the pack-train would come, but the sun went down behind the cliffs and no one arrived. Prof. [Thompson] could not understand what the trouble was, but he went on with his observations. The next morning, as we were about to eat our bean breakfast beside the fire, we were astonished by the extremely cautious appearance through the willows, without a word of announcement, of a single, ragged, woebegone, silent old man on as skinny and tottering a pony as ever I saw. The old man was apparently much surpised to find himself here, and with the exclamation, 'My god! I have found you!' he dropped to the ground. When at last he spoke he said his name was Mangum of Kanab, and that he had been employed to guide our pack-train, of which Riley, one of the prospectors we had met at El Vado, was leader. 'Well, where is the train?' we asked, for if he were all that remained of it we wanted to know it soon. 'Several miles back on the trail,' he said. Not having eaten a mouthful since the morning before it was no wonder he was weak and silent. We gave him the best breakfast we could command from our meagre stock and then like a spectre he vanished on his scrawny steed up the Paria Canyon. All the day long we watched and waited for his triumphal return with the longed-for supplies at his back, but the sun departed without his approach and the twilight died into that mystery which leaves the world formless against the night. And still we had faith in the stranger's story. Early the next morning Prof., Clem, and I started on his track thinking we would soon meet the train. It led us up the valley of the Paria... We saw that he had followed a very old Indian trail... walked on and on through an arid, wonderful maze of sand, rocks, and cacti, feeling that the old horseman was no more than a phantom, when in half an hour I almost fell upon our lost pack-train meandering slowly and silently through a depression... The situation was precarious. The animals were nearly dead from thirst, one had been abandoned and Riley was in a state of pent-up rage that was dangerous for the spectre guide, who had nearly been the destruction of the whole outfit, for he did not know the trail and was himself lost. Of course he blamed Riley - it was his only defence. Riley broke loose in a string of fiery oaths, declaring he would shoot 'the old fool', then and there. But receiving no encouragement from Prof. or me he didn't. There was a third member of the party, Joe Hamblin, a son of Jacob, a very sturdy young fellow. He said afterwards that he thought often that Riley would 'sure let daylight through the old man.'... Riley had started from Kanab October 23d and had been twelve days making a journey that required at most only four or five by the regular trail. Mangum had not known the way, had led toward El Vado, and his finding the Indian trail to the mouth of the Paria was an accident..."

      6. Ardis Parshall, online Piute county history coordinator, reports by 6 Apr 2003 email that the only information she found in her considerable database was a gravestone record as cited below. She says there are so few records available in Circleview at that early date. He doesn't show up in the Brand Book, the journal of the Kingston United Order, the directory of farmers, the appointments of officers of the Utah Commission, nor as having baptized anyone whose records later show up in the Circleville Ward memberships.

      7. From Don and Carolyn Smith from one of three part writings of Samuel Newton Adair. [When asked who has the original of this, Carolyn referred me to Becky Hamblin [bhamblin79@hotmail.com] to try to locate the original of this; Becky in turn believes Collins Chapman in Mesa may have it since Collins' mother is the granddaughter who hand wrote it for Samuel. It has not yet been located by Becky. The following is one of the three parts [see Samuel Newton Adair's notes for full quotation]: "Luna, New Mexico, October 7, 1919. I, Samuel Newton Adair, will write what I know about my mother's folks. My grandfather's name was John Mangum and he married Rebecca Noles, so my grandmother's name was Rebecca Mangrum, my grandfather Mangum was a revolutionary soldier with General Morgan (one of his minute men.) He was taken prisoner with a lot of other men by the british soldiers and they set them on a log and split their heads open, all but my grandfather's and he had some kind of varmint skin cap on and that and the skull stopped the force of the sword and it glanced off and cut his ear nearly off and they turned him lose. He married after the war was over as stated above. Their children are: Cyrus Mangrum, Joseph Mangrum, John Mangrum, William Mangrum and James Mangrum. The daughter's names were: Jeney Mangrum, Gemima Mangrum, Rebecca Mangrum, and Lucinda Mangum. They were all my uncles and aunts. Joseph Mangrum married Emiline Hanner, William married Aunt Sally Adair, John married Aunt Mary Ann Adair, James Mangrum married Jane Clark, my father's niece. I don't know who uncle Cyrus Mangum married. Jeney Mangrum married George Crawford, Gemima Mangrum married Samuel Jefferson Adair, my father. Rebecca Mangrum married Joseph Adair, my father's cousin. Lucinda Mangrum married James Richey, my father's nephew."

      8. LDS Church History Department, Iowa Branch Index, 1839-1859, Shirts Branch (except as noted), 1848-1851:
      Rebecca F. Mangum, dau. of John.
      Sarah Mangum, wife of Wm.
      Sarah F. Mangum, dau. of Wm.
      Siras Mangum, son of Wm.
      William Mangum, bro. of John.
      Caroline Mangum, dau. of Wm.
      Elmina D. J. Mangum (blessed).
      Elmina Drucila (Buoyo Branch, 1850) with the Michel Stephens family.
      Emaline Mangum, ?wife of Joseph Mangum.
      John Mangum.
      Mary Ann Mangum.
      Murthey L. Mangum (possibly Martha Elizabeth, 4th child of John)

      9. William Mangum and Sarah Delight Potter's daughter, Emily Almira Mangum, b. 20 Mar 1866 in Washington, Washington, Utah, married 17 Oct 1879 Levison Hancock, the son of Levi Hancock. Levi had five wives, one of which was a Richey who were associated with the Mangum family.

      10. LDS Family History Library book 976.185H2j "Early Settlers of Pickens County, Alabama," by James Dolphus Johnson, Jr, 1992, is a very helpful analysis of land holdings in the said county. It locates the associated families of Adair, Mangum, and Richey in close proximity to each other. The book provides an alphabetical listing of each land holder and the grant date, location, and size of their land holding, its location. This township is typical at 6 miles by 6 miles with each section being 640 acres or one square mile. There are a total of 36 sections arranged in a grid of 6 x 6 with number 1 being the top right with the count going right to left than dropping down one row and going left to right and so forth with no. 36 being the bottom right corner. I rearrange the following listing by survey township so that the associations can be seen in the various families:
      A. Township 20, Range 15. The bottom center of this township incorporates the north part of the settlement of Carrollton. We also find "Hebron Church" in the township's center (sect. 16). On modern maps, Highway 35 travelling north of Carrollton rough splits this township east and west.
      a. Samuel Adair has two properties. This is Samuel Jefferson Adair who goes to Utah:
      i. S9 (Section 9), 9/30/1836, 40 acres (SE corner of SW 1/4 section).
      ii. S15, 1/31/1836, 40 acres (SW corner of SW 1/4 section).
      b. Joseph Adair has two properties adjoining each other. He is just north of Samuel Adair's first listed property and just west of James Adair's property. Joseph is Samuel Adair's cousin who also goes to Utah. James is most likely Joseph's father who does not go to Utah. Note also he also owns two other properties outside of this Township -- one with his father James and one individually (see B(a) and D(a):
      i. S4, 11/21/1836, 40 acres (SE corner of SW section 1/4).
      ii. S9, 9/26/1836, 40 acres (NW corner of NW section 1/4).
      c. James Adair has two properties adjoining each other. He is just just east of Joseph Adair's property. James is most likely Joseph's father and he does not go to Utah with Joseph. Note also he also owns two other properties outside of this Township -- one with his son Joseph and one individually (see B(a) and C(a):
      i. S3 and S4, 11/1/1837, 40 acres each adjoining each other (S3: SW corner of SW section 1/4; S4: SE corner of SE section 1/4).
      d. Thomas Adair has one property which adjoins the separate property of Furley Clark and R.(Rebecca?) Adair who are his daughter and wife. Thomas and Furley do not go to Utah, but Rebecca does:
      i. S20, 11/10/1835, 40 acres (SW corner of NE 1/4 section).
      e. Furley Clark and R. Adair. This would be daughter and mother: Fairby or Pherrely Adair who married Daniel Clark and Rebecca (Brown) Adair, wife of Thomas Adair. The land adjoins Thomas Adair. Rebecca goes to Utah but "Furley" does not:
      i S20, 11/28/1834, 160 acres (SW 1/4).
      f. John Mangum. His family goes to Utah but he does not. This would be John Mangum "the Patriot." He is just south of Samuel Adair's land in S15. His land directly adjoins that of son William Mangum, son Cyrus Mangum, and son-in-law Austin Hudgins (marries Nancy Mangum). He is just northwest of land of another son-in-law Thomas Peeks (marries Elizabeth Mangum):
      i. S22, 9/23/1834, 80 acres (N half of SW 1/4 section).
      g. William Mangum, the oldest son John Mangum (the "Patriot") from his third marriage. William marries Sally/Sarah Adair and moves to Utah. His land adjoins the land of his father, his brother Cyrus, and of his bro.-in-law Austin Hudgins. Both pieces of his land adjoin each other. Note also he also owns another property outside of this Township (see E(a)):
      i. S21, 7/1/1835, 40 acres (both this and the next piece form the S half of SW 1/4 section).
      ii. S21, 2/20/1836, 40 acres.
      iii. S22, 10/23/1834, 80 acres (W half of NW 1/4 section).
      iv. Note that no date is given but he also is granted 80 in S14 of a separate township (T24, R3).
      h. Cyrus Mangum, son of John Mangum (the "Patriot") from his second marriage. Cyrus does not go to Utah and he and his family are found in the 1850 US Census remaining in this same area; however, he eventually moves to Moulton, Lavaca, Texas where he dies. His land adjoins land of his father, his brother William, and of his bro.-in-law Thomas Peeks:
      i. S22, 1/25/1836, 80 acres (W half of SE 1/4 section).
      ii. S27, 2/27/1830, 80 acres (E half of NE 1/4 section).
      i. Thomas Peeks, son-in-law of John Mangum (the "Patriot") and husband of Elizabeth Mangum, John's dau. from his first marriage. Thomas does not come to Utah and he remains in this area for the rest of his life. He is found here in the 1850 census and his wife alone in the 1860 census. His land adjoins bros.-in-law Austin Hudgins and Cyrus Mangum:
      i. S27, 11/19/1835, 80 acres (I am unsure in which order the three parcels fit into the map; however, all the land is found in two spots on the map: 40 acres SW corner of SE 1/4 section and a L-shaped piece of 120 acres including W half of NE 1/4 and SE corner of NW 1/4).
      ii. S27, 6/17/1836, 40 acres.
      iii. S27, 9/4/1832, 40 acres.
      iv. S21, 9/25/1844, 40 acres. (This is not land he owned but he acts as Trustee for Nancy E. Bryant, who does not appear related to him.)
      j. Austin Hudgins, son-in-law to John Mangum (the "Patriot" and husband to Nancy Mangum, John's dau. from his first marriage). Austin and Nancy remain in the area for the rest of their lives and are found in the local censuses. He had several parcels of land all in close proximity to bros.-in-law Thomas Peeks, Cyrus Mangum, and William Mangum. Rather than trying to sort each parcel out on the map and aligning them to the following acquisitions (many of which added to existing land), I summarize his total holdings as follows: 160 acres NE 1/4 S28, 80 acres W half NW 1/4 S27, 80 acres W half SW 1/4 S27, 120 acres SE 1/4 S27 (SW corner of 40 acres in this 1/4 section owned by Thomas Peeks), 80 acres E half SW 1/4 S26, and 40 acres NE corner NE 1/4 S35:
      i. S22 & 35, 2/20/1855, 120 acres. (Note author erroneously identifies this as Range 16, but maps show it correctly as Range 15.)
      ii. S28, 2/20/1855, 80 acres.
      iii. S26, 6/4/1832, 40 acres.
      iv. S26, 2/25/1835, 40 acres.
      v. S27, 2/27/1830, 80 acres.
      vi. S27, 11/19/1835, 80 acres.
      vii. S27, 8/3/1836, 40 acres.
      viii. S27 & S28, 10/29/1836, 160 acres.
      B. Township 19, Range 16. This township has the small town of Ethelsville at its center. Ethelsville is about 15 miles NW of Carrollton and closer to the Mississippi State line. We only find one family of interest as follows and this land is in addition to other land owned elsewhere:
      a. Joseph and James Adair (joint owners). This is most likely Joseph and his father James. They both separately own land near Carrollton in Township 20, Range 15 (see A(b) and A(c) above). James also owns individually land in Township 21, Range 17 (see C(a) below) for which the date of grant is the same:
      i. S34, 10/18/1834, 160 acres (NE 1/4).
      C. Township 21, Range 17. This township has the small town of Pickensville on its Eastern boundary and the Mississippi State Line for its western boundary. Pickensville is about 11 miles W of Carrollton. The land borders the western shore of the modern lake Aliceville Lake. We only find one family of interest as follows and this land is in addition to other land owned elsewhere:
      a. James Adair. This is most likely James, the father of Joseph. James also owns land near Carrollton in Township 20, Range 15 (see A(c) above) and Ethelsville in Township 19, Range 16 (see B(a) above):
      i. S22, 10/18/1834, 80 acres (E half of NE 1/4). (Note this date is the same as the grant on the Ethelsville parcel.)
      D. Township 22, Range 17. (The author identifies this Township erroneously as 20, but the land map confirms it as Township 22.) This township has the small town of Memphis, AL, on its center and the Mississippi State Line for its western boundary. Memphis is about 13 miles SW of Carrollton. The land borders the western shore of the modern lake Aliceville Lake. It is only about 5 miles south of Pickensville. We only find one family of interest as follows and this land is in addition to other land owned elsewhere:
      a. Joseph Adair. This is most likely the son of James. Joseph also owns land near Carrollton in Township 20, Range 15 (see A(b) above) and Ethelsville in Township 19, Range 16 (see B(a) above):
      i. S3, 10/18/1834, 80 acres (E half of SE 1/4). (Note this date is the same as the grant on the Ethelsville parcel.)
      E. Township 24S, Range 3W. This township has the small village of Cochrane near its eastern boundary and the Mississippi State Line for its western boundary. It is about 18 miles southwest of Carrollton:
      a. William Mangum. William is the son of John Mangum (the "Patriot"). This parcel is in addition to land William Mangum owned near Carrollton in Township 20, Range 15 (see A(g) above):
      i. S14, no date, 80 acres (W half of NE 1/4).
      F. Township 21 & 22, Range 16. Township 21 includes the eastern half of Pickensville on is western side. Township 22 would be the next township south of township 21. William Richey's property would be currently in Pickensville. Even though in the same county, the Richeys at this point of time were not in a township with any of the other associated families since they were about 8 miles away slightly southwest from the main grouping just north of Carrollton. William was of course married in 1820 to Margaret Adair, the daughter of Thomas and Rebecca (Brown) Adair. I do not include the physical locations of these parcels within the section in which they occur. The brother-in-law of William, Neal Tilletson who married Martha Richey, is also found in this county:
      a. Robert Richey. Father of William, James, and David. Only William went to Utah along with Robert's wife Rebecca (Belton) who died on the trail to Utah:
      i. S32 (TWP 21), 1/31/1825, 160 acres.
      ii. S5 (TWP 22), 1/12/1825, 160 acres.
      b. William Richey. He came to Utah:
      i. S7 (TWP 21), 9/17/1833, 40 acres.
      c. James Richey. He is found here in the 1850 Census with wife and two children:
      i. S8 & S9 (TWP 21), 8/13/1833, 80 acres.
      c. David Richey. He is found here in the 1850 Census with extensive family (Census entry may be misspelled as Didama Adair):
      i. S7 (TWP 22), 12/31/1833, 40 acres.
      G. Miscellaneous notes:
      a. I looked for both Moses Pearson and any Carsons associated with the family and found no listings in this book.
      b. There are other Adairs in Pickens County and they are listed in the book. They include Wyman (or Weyman) Adair with five parcels with date range of 1832-1834 in Township 20, Range 16, and in Township 21, Range 16. Also included is William Adair with one parcel dated in 1836 for Township 22, Range 14. These may be distant cousins of our Adairs, but not ones with which there is a documentary association at this time.
      c. This study was undertaken with the goal of confirming the relationship of Joseph Adair with a father named James Adair as is established by Joseph Adair's LDS Patriarchal Blessing in which Joseph names his parents as James and Rebecca Adair. The close relationship found in these particular land records confirm this relationship especially since they also owned land together. There is one caveat, however, and that is that Joseph had a younger brother named Joseph Newton Adair who was born 11 Mar 1812 (Joseph was born 11 Apr 1806). There is the possibility that the James in the land deeds could be the brother and not the father, however, I don't believe this is the case. The 1830 US Census places James Adair and his family in Pickens County with him and his wife being aged 60-70. To be listed in the census he would have had to have had property. There is only one James Adair listed in the census and the younger James Newton Adair may be the male listed in the census that is age 15-20.

      BIOGRAPHY:
      1. The book "John Mangum, American Revolutionary War Soldier and Descendants," 1986, by Delta Ivie Mangum Hale [picture with article]: "William Mangum was born December 25, 1811 in Maury County, Tennessee, the son of John Mangum and Rebecca Canida Knowles. He grew to manhood in Alabama and married Sarah Ada Adair (the exact date of this marriage is not known). Their first Child, Armelia Caroline was born March 21, 1834 in Pickens County, Alabama. On January 15, 1846 William left Itawamba County, Mississippi with his family for Nauvoo, Illinois, arriving there March 20, 1846. He was here for a week and then crossed the Missouri River and traveled west to Mt. Pisgah, Union County, Iowa where they stayed for four and one half years. [Kerry's note: one version of this story on file with me but without an author has the added sentence: "While at Mt. Pisgah, Union County, Iowa, their son William Young Mangum died and was buried.] From here they moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa where they remained the following winter and then moved on to a settlement on the Bongo River which was a stopping off place for the Westward Emmigrants. [Kerry's note: one version of this story on file with me but without an author has the added sentence: "On this trip they buried their daughter Marinda, who died of cholera at the age of one year and eight months.] At Loop Fork on the Platte River, Sarah took sick on the 3rd of July 1852 and died the following day. She was buried by nine o'clock in the bark of a large tree because they had no coffin. One strip was over her and one under. Both ends were joined and she was buried near the bank of the river. The cause of her death was Colera. William and his family arrived in Salt Lake City September 23, 1852 and went on the Brigham City where they spent the winter and then in the spring of 1853, they moved to Payson, Utah. William was called by Brigham Young to return to Winter Quarters to help bring a company of emigrants to Salt Lake. This company was snowed in at Winter Quarters and needed food stuffs which William took to them. When spring came and the company could travel, they journeyed to Salt Lake City. It was at this time that he met his second wife to be, Sarah Delight Potter. They were married April 3, 1853 in the Endowment House of Salt Lake City by Brigham Young. From their home in Payson, he was again called by Brigham Young to go to Washington, Washington County, Utah on March 3, 1857. The purpose of this move to Washington was to help raise cotton in Utah's 'Dixie'. The following is a poem written by William Mangum:
      Washington
      We have a nice little place,
      Here on the side of this hill.
      In order for us to make it,
      We had to work with a will.
      Fine orchards, fine vineyards,
      Fine gardens also, and the finest
      of wheat on this hillside doth grow.
      But when I first saw it,
      I was then struck with dread,
      for I was afraid
      We could not raise bread.
      But we did raise some,
      A few hundred pounds.
      Had to take it to Cedar,
      And there get it ground.

      William Mangum was a furniture maker and made all of the furniture used in his home and most of the furniture in the homes of his children. The clothes closet which he made for his son, Martin Addison Mangum, is now in the home of the author. It is well made and would make a beautiful addition to any home. His wife was left to take care of his family while he filled two five year missions for his church. He worked on both the St. George and Salt Lake Temples during their erection. William died at his home in Circleville, Piute County, Utah on February 26, 1888 and is buried there in the town cemetery. He had red hair and blue eyes. Sarah Ada Adair, first wife of William Mangum, was born Dec. 27, 1815. She was the dau. of Thomas Adair and Rebecca Brown, born at Tuscaloosa Co., Alabama. Sarah and William's first Child, Armelia, was born March 21, 1834 at Pickens Co., Alabama. She was the mother of six children before they took their family and move to Nauvoo, Illinois to be with the main body of the Mormon Church. Sarah, William and their family stayed one week in Nauvoo and then crossed the Mississippi River and traveled west to Mt. Pisgah, Union Co., Iowa, where they stopped for one month before continuing on the Council Bluffs, where they stayed for four and one half years. While at Mt. Pisgah their son, William Young Mangum died and was buried. In the spring of 1852 they buried their daughter Marinda, who had died with the colera at the age of one year and eight months. Fifteen days later as they traveled west, they buried Sarah. She died on July 3, 1852 and was buried July 4 with no coffin, A strip of bark from a large tree was placed under her and another over her. She died in the night and was buried by nine the next morning, or the morning or the fourth. The following is a poem written by her daughter, Armelia Caroline:
      How sad is my heart
      When I think of the anguish
      That filled my young breast
      On that sorrowful day!
      And to see my poor father,
      Whose soul seemed to languish,
      To droop with despair,
      As our camp moved away.

      From the grave of my mother
      Near the banks of the river,
      Where naught but the wild beasts
      Could visit her tomb;
      While her husband and Children,
      Dear friends and relations
      Must travel far Westward
      To find them a home.

      But the holy Ghost whispers
      Away with that sorrow
      And hopefully await the Millennial Day,
      When all eyes be dry in that hopeful tomorrow
      Where spirit meet spirit in perfect array.

      At that sweet resurrection
      With Lord's of perfection
      You will meet with your mother's kindred soul.
      Oh how joyful the greeting,
      When friends meet with friends
      On that beautiful shore.

      And now my dear father
      Has finished his mission
      Assigned him on earth,
      And has gone home to rest;
      To meet and to mingle
      With his loved wife and Children
      And others there dwelling
      In the land of the blessed.

      On that sweet resurrection
      In robes of perfection,
      I shall meet with my parents and kindred once more.
      Oh! How joyful the greeting,
      Will be at that meeting;
      When friends meet with friends
      On that beautiful shore.

      Sarah Delight Potter, second wife of William Mangum, was born Sept. 9, 1830, the daughter of Arnold Potter and Almyra Smith at Salisbury, Herkimer County, New York. She met William Mangum when he was called to take supplies for the snowed-in emigrants at Winter Quarters. They were married April 3, 1853 in the Endowment House, Salt Lake City, Utah by Brigham Young. After the marriage, her home was made in Payson, Utah where they lived for four years. At this time the family was called to go to Washington, Wash. Co., Utah to raise cotton in Utah's 'Dixie'. Besides raising cotton, they also raised 'Cain', sugar cane for molasses, and ten children. From Mary Ann Chapman Richey the following information has been obtained: 'Sarah Delight Potter was a very fine woman. She was crippled with rheumatism after her first Child, Martin Addison, was born. Her husband, William, built her a special chair out of red cedar. The right arm of this chair was left hollow. In this area she kept her sewing materials, needles and yarn. She was always knitting stockings for her family and neighbors. She kept her home in a very clean and beautifully scrubbed condition. Her table was even scrubbed white. After William's death she moved with her daughtr, Mary Jane Alger to the Smoot Ward, Lincoln Co., Wyoming. At this time she was so crippled that she could not be alone. A special fork carved out of red cedar had been made for her so that she could feed herself. This fork is now in the possession of her granddaughter, Josephine Alger Olson of McGill, Nevada.' Sarah Delight died in Smoot Ward, Lincoln Co., Wyoming June 9, 1905. She was so very kind and sweet that everyone who knew her loved her..."

      2. The book "Grafton, Ghost Town on the Rio Virgin" p.118-120 lists those including William Mangum who were called at the October General Conference (6-8 Oct. 1861, Pres. Brigham Young presiding) to settle in Southern Utah. He also appears on the list as being there during the census taken summer of 1862.

      3. Copy from National Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers: "The Biography of Cyrus and Sarah Allen Mangum," written by Phillas Mangum Whitehead: "My grandfather Cyrus Mangum was born Sept. 29, 1840, Itawamba Co., Mass. [Mississippi] Son of William Mangum and Sarah Adair, baptized 1848, and endowed Nov. 11, 1872... His grandfather was a general and fought under George Washington and Jefferson..." [He was misinformed as to being a "general" and is correct though of participation in the Revolutionary War.]

      4. Per "California DAR Ancestry Guide" by the California State Society of the National Society of the DAR, 1976: Son of John Mangum, Revolutionary War private from South Carolina: "William, b. Dec 25, 1811; d. Feb 26, 1888; m. (1) Sarah Adair (2) Delight Potter; r. Piute Co, Utah."

      5. Mentioned in daughter's biography in the book "Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude," Daughters of Utah Pioneers, p. 3338, see Sarah for full quote: "Sarah Frances Mangum Richey Cazier White was born 11 Sep 1838 in Pickins County, Alabama, to William Mangum and Sarah Ada Adair... pioneer of 1852 Wagon Train... Sarah Francis was born at Pickins County, Alabama, 1838, into a family of six children. She was eight when her parents arrived in Nauvoo on Jan. 15, 1846. They arrived to find they could not stay. Persecution was forcing every one out of Illinois and Missouri and by weeks end they were following the Saints across the Mississippi River traveling West. They stopped for one month at Mt. Pisgah, and while there Sarah Francis' one year old brother [William Young] died, and was buried in the Mt. Pisgah burial grounds. The family continued to Council Bluff and stayed four and one half years, another short stay at the Bongo River where Marinda Elizabeth, a one year eight month sister died of cholera and a few days later, at Loup Fork, Sarah's mother became so ill from the disease that her family could only watch helplessly as her life slipped away, on July 3rd, 1852. Sarah Francis was near her fourteenth birthday when they reached the Salt Lake Valley. The family spent the winter in Brigham City and in the Spring of 1853, William married Delight Potter, then the Mangums moved to Payson for four years. Sarah, for a while lived with her aunt Lucinda Richey, and for three months was James Richeys's wife also. She did not like that marriage, got a divorce and went, with her brother Cy Mangum, to Nephi..."

      6. Note: ten names of the first men to Dixie were among Adairs, Mangums, Richeys, and Prices who were all interrelated by marriage. Excerpt taken from book "Under Dixie Skies," a history of Washington County, Utah [similar accounts are found in the books "I Was Called to Dixie" by Andrew Karl Larson, 1961, p. 67 and "A History of Washington County, From Isolation to Destiny," by Douglas D. Alder and Karl F. Brooks, pp. 28, 29]: "(Samuel Adair) In keeping with Brighan Young's policy of making the Church self-sustaining, a company was called to settle on the Mill Creek (which is now part of Washington Co.) primarily for the purpose of raising cotton. What should be more logical than to send men who had had experience in cotton culture? A number of converts who came from the South were accordingly called to go into what was later known as Utah's Dixie. Two groups went in the spring of 1857. The first group, consisting of ten families under the leadership of Samuel Adair [apparently, Robert D. Covington and Samuel J. Adair were the leaders of two groups, who were called to the 'Cotton Mission'], left Payson, Utah on the 3rd of March and arrived at the site of what was subsequently called Washington on the 15th day of April. They camped near the river on a piece of land later designated as the "Sand Plot," but on the advice of Amasa Lyman, who was passing through on his way from San Bernardino to Salt lake City, they moved up to the place where the town now stands. The second company [under Covington] left Salt lake City early in April and camped on the 5th of May at the Samuel Adair Spring, on the east side of the valley, just a short distance north of the present US highway 91. The following were members of the two original companies and others who settled at Washington in 1857. Robert D. Covington, Harrison Pearce, James B. Regran [or Reagan], Willam B. [or R.] Slade, Joseph Smith, William Hawley, John Couch Sr., John Couch Jr., John Mangum, James [B.] Wilkins, Alfred Johnson, John W. Freeman, James D. McCullough, William H. Crawford, Umpstead Rencher, Balus Spouse [or Sprouse], James Richie [or Richey], Samuel Adair, Oscar Tyler, George Spencer, Jr., J. Holden, Joseph Adair, Joseph Hatfield, William Dameron, Preston Thomas, William Fream, George [W.] Adair, [Samuel?] Newton Adair, John Clark, Thomas W. Smith, Simes [or Sims] B. Matheny, Stephen and William Dugas [or Duggins], William J. Young, Enoch Dodge, John Price, and Robert Lloyd. William Darby Cooper was also an early settler. [Bleak, 'Annals of the Southern Utah Mission,' p. 34, the heads of the families listed by Bleak also include in addition to those above: Upstead Rencher, George Hawley, John Hawley, John Adair, Thomas Adair, J. Holden, William Mangum. Later research by Harold Cahoon of the Washington City Historical Society has added the following names to the original settler list: Newton L.N. Adair [Samuel Newton Adair?], John W. Clark, James Nichols Mathews, Gabriel R. Coley, and John D. Lee.] The trial that the settlers of Washington, in Washington Co., were to endure were probably the most discouraging and severe of any of the early settlers of Utah. When Robert Gardiner passed through the town on his way to settle in St. George in December 1861, he reflected that of all the trials he had to endure, the prospect of his wives and children one day looking like the poor malaria plagued creatures he saw in Washington was what appalled him most of all. He says in his journal: 'Here we found some of our old neighbors who received us very kind but the appearance of these brethren and their wives and children was rather discouraging. Nearly all of them had the fever and ague or chills as they called it in this country. They had worked hard and worn out their clothes and had replaced them from the cotton they had raised on their own farms which their women had carded, spun, and wove by had, colored with weeds. Men's shirts, women's dresses and sunbonetts were all made of the same piece; and their clothes and their faces were of the same color, being a kind of blue, as most everyone had the chills. This tried me more than anything I have had seen in my Mormon experience thinking that my wives and Children, from the nature of the climate, would have to look as sickly as those now around me.' This coupled with the trouble and struggle they had trying to build a dam in the Virgin River for irrigation purposes, which was washed out every spring, made the life of the saints that settled Washington probably the most trying of any early settlers." The book "History of Washington County" adds: "Their new home was to be called Washington, as determined in advance by Brigham Young and his counselors, Its location was also fixed - the benchland overlooking the Washington fields. The town was located near several fine springs which have favored the community above others in Dixie. The fields likewise provided a lush expanse of farmland. Washington appeared to have advantages over other communities, but this did not prove to be so. Those broad fields were formed by ancient floods; and modern floods would haunt Washington - not the town but the irrigation projects. And the springs created marshes. There insects would spread malaria. So the Washington Saints were spared little; their plight, fighting malaria and rebuilding washed-out dams, would equal, if not surpass, the tests their neighbors encountered."

      7. From the Mangum history book "John Mangum, American Revolutionary War Soldier" by Delta Mangum:
      p. 25; William Mangum born Dec 25, 1811: "...On January 15, 1846, William left Itawamba County, Mississippi with his family for Nauvoo Illinois, arriving there March 20, 1846. He was there for a week and then crossed the Missouri river and travelled west to Mt. Pisgah, Union County, Iowa where they stayed for four and one half years. From here they moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa where they remained the following winter and then moved on the Bongo River which was a stopping off place for the Westward Emigrants... William and his family arrived in Salt Lake City September 23, 1852 and went onto Brigham City where they spent the winter and then in the spring of 1832, they moved to Payson, Utah..."
      p. 31; Amelia Carolyn Mangum Bigler [William's daughter]; her biography was written by Nelda Tuck - quotes from Amelia's diary of January 11, 1885 [She was born in 1834]: "...Moved from there, [Alabama] with my parents [Sarah and William Mangum] at the age of seven to the state of Mississippi, Itawamba County and in December 1845 was baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by a Brother George Steward, confirmed by a Brother Gibbs. Started to Nauvoo about the 15th of January 1846, and arrived there about the 20th of March the same year. Stayed there one week and crossed the Mississippi River and travelled west. Sometimes camping one month at a place. Arrived Mt Pisgah (a settlement of Saints) the day that Father Huntington was buried, Sister Zina Young's father, and my baby brother was buried close to him in a few days. Stayed there four years and a half, and moved to Council Bluffs. Stayed another winter and moved to a settlement on the Bongo river..." She then tells of many deaths and awful burials etc. "We arrived in Salt Lake City on September 23, 1852. Stayed there a few days and came onto Provo and stopped there one week..."
      p. 32; "Diary of Armelia C. Bigler a she wrote it: 'January 1, 1885. I (Armelia Caroline Mangum Bigler] was born March 21, 1834 at Pickens County, Alabama. Moved from there with my parents (Sarah and William Mangum) at the age of seven to the state of Mississippi, Itawamba County and in December 1845 was baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by a Brother George Steward, confirmed by him and a Brother Gibbs. Started to Nauvoo about the 15th of January 1846 and arrived there about the 20th of March the same year. Stayed there one week and crossed the Mississippi River and traveled west. Sometimes camping one month at a place. Arrived at Mt. Pisgah (a settlement of Saints) the day the Father Huntington was buried, Sister Zina Young's father, and my baby brother was buried close to him in a few days. Stayed there four years and a half and moved to Council Bluffs. Stayed there one winter amd moved to a settlement on the Bongo River. Stayed there one winter; became acquainted with my husband, Jacob G. Bigler. Was sealed to him on February 12, 1852 by Ezra T. Benson. I was eighteen years old the next month. In June of the same year, crossed the Missouri River and started across the plains for Salt Lake City. On the 28th of June, my youngest sister died with cholera - age one year and eight months; there we left her lonely little grave. We traveled 15 days and buried my mother without a coffin. So many of the pioneers died, there was no coffin for her so they stripped the bark from a large tree. They dressed her in the best they had and with one strip of bark under her and one over, they joined both ends and dug a deep grave to protect her body from the wolves and buried her. She also died with cholera, was taken sick at night and was buried before nine o'clock the next morning. She left two children besides myself, one sister thirteen and a brother eleven years old. We arrived in Salt Lake City on September 23, 1852..."

      8. Biographical info on this individual's father per the book "John Mangum, American Revolutionary War Soldier and Descendants," 1986, p. 7-16, by Delta Ivie Mangum Hale: "John's second wife died, and he was again left a widower. Following her death he moved to Warren County, Ohio, later changed to Clinton County. It was here that he met his third wife, Rebecca Knowles. The were married Jan. 19, 1809 at Lebanon, Warren County, Ohio. (Marriage Licenses of Warren County, No. 1 and 2, p. 30.) Eight children were born to John and Rebecca. In later life he appeared in court to claim his veteran's pension and gave the following statement regarding his places of residence: 'I was born in Mecklenburg County, Virginia on the 19th of Jan 1763, informed by my mother when I was eleven years old, I had it in a book from the time I entered the service. Until 1805 I resided in Newberry District, So. Carolina. In 1805 I moved to Warren County, afterwards Clinton County, Ohio where I resided until 1811. In 1811 I removed to Giles County, Tennessee where I stayed until 1815. In 1815 I came to St. Claire County, Alabama where I stayed until about 1823 or 1824. Then I removed to Pickens County, Alabama where I have lived ever since and now live.' (Package 370, Vol. 3, Veterans Bureau, National Archives, Washington, D.C.) While living at Warren Co., Ohio, John and Rebecca had a daughter, Gemima, born on Sep. 14, 1809. Two children were born after they moved to Tennessee. These were William on Christmas Day 1811 at Murray or Maury, Tennessee, and Rebecca on Aug. 10, 1814 at Giles, Tennessee. Another two children were born at St. Clair, Alabama. These were John, Jr., born June 10, 1817 and James Mitchell, born Jan. 6, 1820. Another son, Joseph, was born about 1822. The record of his birth date, place and picture are not available to date. A daughter, Jane was born July 14, 1824 at Maury, Tennessee, and their last daughter, Lucinda, was born July 20, 1826 at Carlton, Pickens County, Alabama..."

      9. Three monuments erected in Washington, Washington, Utah. The first citation is from the dedication of a bronze cameo of William Mangum:
      a. Washington Plaza:
      i. Talk given by city historian Harold Cahoon at the Dedication of the Monument Plaza 5/10/03 Washington, Utah: " 'Our most righteous Eternal Heavenly Father. We are grateful for the opportunity this day to meet and honor those that have passed by to help make this city what it is today. For the foundation they laid and the heritage they provide for us. We recognize their struggles, sufferings, starvations and just plain sickness they endured to accomplish this. Now we pray that those who participate here today will do so to their very best ability and in such a manner that they will put over the thoughts or deeds they have in their hearts. May we all live our lives such that we will be receptive to thy Holy Spirit that can direct us each day. We pray in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord and Savior Amen.' Thanks Mayor for asking me to explain the procedure for selecting these persons to be honored this day. Much credit should be given to you Mayor, and our City Fathers for having the insight to create this work of art. These first settlers were the forerunners in establishing the foundation for our town. The name of Washington was given to the city after our first president of the United States. Also being Southerners they started calling the area "Dixie" after their homeland. Mayor Clove wanted this plaza to be located at this very spot because it is on the town's original town square. The first meeting structure was built, in 1857 out of poles and brush and was called the bowery, These bronze statues and cameos represent people who once gathered right here for their own town meetings. Right here where we are gathered! Mayor Clove approached me to make suggestions of names of pioneers that bronze pieces would be cast. After tile final names were made, it became my responsibility to find pictures and histories about each. Being an amateur history buff the research process for histories and pictures was befuddling but enjoyable. Finding a picture for each was a real kettle of worms. The pictures were then given to Jerry Anderson who was commissioned by the City, to sculpt these pieces. The pieces were sculpt to look like the original pioneers. We are fortunate to have such a talented sculptor living near by. Originally four statues were to be erected but this left out many who were also deserving to be honored. It was suggested that many more could be honored by making sculptured cameo busts, at a lesser cost for each piece. Twenty-four cameo pieces were then commissioned to be sculpted. The names of these pioneers were selected because they were in Washington in the very early days. Some of these names you might have never heard of. They might have been pillars ill the community or they were just trying to make the Cotton Mission a success. Some were here all of their lives, others for only a short time but they were here. The spelling of their names is done as best as I could. Some are spelled as they did then and others as the family spells it today. Please forgive me if you do not agree but think only of the person being honored. The spelling is at times a difficult problem. A booklet has been prepared telling a short history of each pioneer and will be available by the statues so you can read about them. Mayor Clove it is a great honor to have helped in selecting these pioneers and working with a talented sculptor as Jerry Anderson. It hoped that the City will add more names as time goes by. The history booklet and other history books are available for purchase in the plaza. Also orders will be taken for a video that was taken of this dedication. I appreciate my wife and her support. Thank you. Harold Cahoon. "
      ii. Biography read at time of dedication and subsequently published in a book commemorating the event: "William Mangum, 1811-1888. William Mangum was born December 25, 1811 in Maury County, Tennessee. He grew to manhood in Alabama where he met and married his first wife Sarah Ada Adair. Their marriage date is unknown. Their first child was born on March 21. 1834 in Alabama so one would assume that the marriage date was previous. William and family moved to Itawamba County in the state of Mississippi. "He joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1845 as well as most of Mangums and Adairs that lived in this Mississippi area. In 1846 he still lived in Mississippi and during that year he took his family and journeyed to N Nauvoo, Illinois arriving on March 20, 1846. He was in Nauvoo for only one week and then crossed the Mississippi River and traveled west to Mt. Pisgah, Iowa. He lived in Mt Pisgah for four and half years and then moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa. Death was not uncommon during this time and many people passed on, including their young son named William Young Mangum. Quoting from John Mangum and Descendants: "They remained the following winter and then moved on to a settlement on the Bongo River which was a stopping off place for the Westward Emigrants. At Loop Fork on the Platte River, Sarah (his wife) took sick on the yd of July 1852 and died the following day. She was buried by nine 0' clock in the bark of a large tree because they had no coffin. One strip was over her and one under. Both ends were joined and she was buried near the bank of the river. The cause of her death was Cholera. " William and his family arrived in Salt Lake September 23, 1852 and then journeyed to Brigham City where they spent the winter and then moved on to Payson, Utah. At this time Brigham Young called him to go back to Winter Quarters where a company was snowed in and need supplies. William brought those needed supplies to that company and when spring came the company traveled to Salt Lake City. It was at this time William met his second wife Sarah Delight Potter. He married her on April 3, 1853 in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City by Brigham Young. He resided in his home in Payson until he was called to come to "Dixie" to help raise cotton. He being a Southerner, he had seen cotton grown. Quoting from John Mangum again: " William Mangum was a furniture maker and made all of the furniture used in his home and most of the furniture in the homes of his children." "His wife was left to take care of his family while he filled two five year missions for his church. He worked on both the St. George and Salt Lake Temples during their erection. William died at his home to Circleville, Piute County, Utah on February 26, 1888 and is buried there in the town cemetery. He had red hair and blue eyes. " This is just about all that we know about him. He does not show up on the city property ownership lists of 1863 and 1873. This means he must have lived out side of the city limits or was a squatter on the land as many were, He was known as a herdsmen in the Washington City 1860 census. This would indicate that he was a rancher which means he must have had a place further out from the city limits but then the census taker would not have gone out side the city to record his family. He is also listed in the 1870 census but does not show up in the 1880 census. The birth of his last child was born in Washington in 1869 which ties in with him being on the 1870 census report. He shows up on the tithing ledger of the Washington Ward for the years 1868-1876. Sometimes between 1870 and 1880 he and his family must have left the Washington City area. Whither he went directly to Circleville, Utah or not is not known by the Historical Society. He did die in Circleville in 1888 which means he could not have gone to many locations before his death. His brother John and some of his family were called to Pareah to settle that area and were active in helping John D. Lee from being arrested while at Lee's Ferry. There is no evidence that William went to Pareah. There are several Magnum headstones on graves in the Pareah area, no doubt the descendants of John Mangum. Another thing that is unusual is that no Mangum shows up as being a bishop or counselor of the Washington Ward or a Mayor of the City or council member This is unusual since the Mangums were dedicated, faithful members of their church and good men of the community. They went on missions and did all that they were asked to do by their prophet Brigham Young.
      b. "Adair Spring, The Birthplace of Utah's Dixie, Washington City, Utah - Erected by the citizens of Washington City & The Washington City Historical Society, 1996. In early 1857 Brigham Young called a group of Southerners on a cotton mission to Southern Utah to raise cotton. Samuel Newton Adair [this is a mistake; should be Samuel Jefferson Adair], the leader of ten families, arrived at this spot April 15, 1857, after leaving Payson, Utah on March 3. They camped here a short time and then moved down near the Virgin River on what became known as the Sand Plot. Apostle Amasa M. Lyman who was passing through the area recommended they move back to the spring area which they did. Robert Dockery Covington arrived here May 5 or 6, 1857, with 28 more Southern families. They left the Salt Lake area shortly after the LDS Spring Conference held around April 6. On May 6 or 7 a two day meeting was held at this site under the direction of Isaac C. Haight, President of the Parowan Stake. They sang songs, prayed and selected Robert D. Covington to be the President of the LDS branch, and Harrison Pearce and James B. Reagan as assistants. Wm. R. Slade and James D. McCullough were appointed Justices of the Peace, John Hawley and James Matthews as constables, G.R. Coley as stray pound keeper and Wm. R. Slade, Geo. Hawley and G.W.Spencer as school trustees. They named their city Washington. It was too late to plant wheat, so they prepared the ground for corn and went right to work making dams and ditches to water their crops. Their homes were their wagon boxes, willow and mud huts and dugouts dug in the bank east of this monument. Their new home soon was called 'Dixie'. Those who came in the spring of 1857 were:
      [43 names listed "and others; the following names are those related.] Adair, George W.; Adair, John M.; Adair, Joseph; Adair, Newton (L.N.)[Samuel Newton]; Adair, Samuel [Jefferson]; Adair, Thomas; Mangum, John; Mangum, William; Price, John; Rickey [Richey], James."
      c. "'Utah's Dixie' - Washington City Founded 1857. Erected by the Washington City Historical Society, November 1994. This monument is erected in honor and memory of the founders of Washington City. The settlers who arrived in 1857 were sent here by Brigham Young, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, for the purpose of grwoing cotton to clothe the Mormon pioneers and to colonize the territory. Those early pioneers named their city on May 5 or 6, 1857 in honor of George Washington and also called the area 'Dixie' in remembrance of their former homes in the South. Living in the arid desert proved extremely difficult. Reocurring challenges such as malaria (ague or chills and fever), the lack of food, poor water, and other diseases disabled and decimated the settlers. The Virgin River, providing water to irrigate fields, was crucial to the settlers. However frequent flash floods, washed out the dams built to divert water from the river to the fields. This resulted in starvation and undue hardship. It took the pioneers thirty-four years to conquer the mighty "Rio Virgin" doing so with the completion of the Washington Fields Dam in 1891. [Pioneer names arranged into three groups; 43 'and others' in 1857, 19 in 1860, and 26 'and others' in 1861-62. The names that follow are only those related.]
      i. 1857: Adair, George W.; Adair, John M.; Adair, Joseph; Adair, Newton (L.N.)[Samuel Newton]; Adair, Samuel [Jefferson]; Adair, Thomas; Mangum, John; Mangum, William; Price, John; Richey, James.
      ii. 1860 US: Adair, Wesley; Mangum, Cyrus; Mangum, Joseph M.
      iii. 1861-62: [none]."

      10. A transcription of the letter from Brigham Young calling Samuel J. Adair on his mission to Dixie. The scribe for Brigham Young on this letter was a George Sims - he should have been called to a different job - his handwriting was atrocious. Here is our best shot at it. My guesses are in brackets. I asked several of the Archivists about some of the words and they couldn't come any closer than I did. LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Call Number CR 1234/1, Reel 26, Box 18, Folder 4. Brigham Young outgoing correspondence:
      G. S. L. City Dec. 20, 1856
      B. Young to Saml. Adair and others
      Dear Brethren,
      I am [sending] a note in regard to [receipt] of cotton, raisins and Indigo respectively as received.
      We are desirous of having these articles produced as we may for the use of the people of this Territory.
      We are not aware of any Indigo being harvest[ed] in the Territory or of any of the seed being brought. We should like, if you know of any, that you would inform us of the fact, or if you know where it could be obtained.
      We presume that plants of cotton seed can be purchased by the brethren South, who have been somewhat engaged in the business for the past year or two. In regard to your enterprise in this business it would please me to have you do so, but of course you are aware that it would become necessary for you to form the mission South. [Let] me refer you to Bro. Isaac C. Haight who will instruct you in regard to your starting therein, you may consider yourselves on this mission and make your assignments accordingly.
      I remain as ever your Bro. in the Gospel of Salvation. B.Y.
      Samuel Adair James Adair
      John W. Adair Thomas Adair
      William Mangum James Mangum
      Harrison Pierce John Norton
      Fazsen Waiel Utah County, U.T.
      Copied by George Sims - Clerk

      11. FHL film 2056023-2056026, especially film 5 which contains Mangum-Adair materials. Title is "George Addison Mangum's Genealogical Collection" which is his lifetime work donated to library in 1998; he was born in Utah in 1922, of Blackfoot, ID and is perhaps a brother to Ivey Mangum Hale. Has a photocopy of his patriarchal blessing which is very difficult to read:
      "No. 311. Payson, Feb. 14th, 1855. A Patriarchal Blessing by Isaac Morley on the head of William Mangum, sonof John & Rebecca Mangum born Dec. 25, 1811 in Murry Co., Tenn. Brother William in the name of Jesus I by virtue of the Priesthood, I lay my hands upon thy head & I ratify the Seals of the Fathers & Patriarchs upon thee. ___ ___ ___ ___ covenant by the Everlasting gospel. Thou art numbered with the sons of Abraham & hast become a legal heir to the Seals of the Priesthood, which Priesthood is binding upon thee to do a work for thy fellow man in these last times for which thou will do well to store thy mind with wisdom and providence for the time is nigh when thou must use the responsibility of the covenants that are resting upon thee, and in thy washing & thy annointing thy duty shall be made plain. The worth of souls will rest upon thy mind & ___ thy garments are cleansed from the blood of this generation. Thou will be called & set apart with the keys of the Everlasting gospel to labor for they fellow man. Let providence & wisdom become thy ___ of thy mind. If thou shall not faint in thy administrations in their behalf, many will be given this as Seals of thy Ministry. The sword of the Spirit will shield thee from the Spirit of Anti-Christ, Thy prayer of faith shall be extened to the confounding of the wise & to the satisfaction of those who have the truth. Wherefore thou will be called one of the sons of Zion in the restoration of Scattered Israel & in redeeming thy fellow man from the fall. Thou shalt return bearing thy sheaves with thee with songs of everlasting joy. Thou shalt share in the blessings of redeeming Zion & of mingling the blood of Prophets. Therefore fear not the principle of an opposite for the Lord will be thy shield & buckler, his arm shall be thy arm for thy defence & thy shield. This seal shall rest upon thee in all [balance of page not copied]..."

      12. From Pioneer Heritage Library in the LDS Family History Suite (book "Our Pioneer Heritage," v. 16, p. 434): "Sarah Ada Adair Mangum, dau. of Thomas Jefferson Adair, was born Dec. 27, 1816, in Gibson County, Tennessee. She was married to William Mangum about 1843 [incorrect; should be 1834 estimating from order of childrens' births]. Her family, with the exception of her father, joined the LDS Church and soon were making their way west. Sarah and her family suffered from exposure and deprivation during the persecutions in Nauvoo