Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
Notes
Matches 3,251 to 3,300 of 7,522
| # | Notes | Linked to |
|---|---|---|
| 3251 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Living (I5345)
|
| 3252 | RESEARCH_NOTEs: 1. I originally had "Zuriah" as a male md. to Dorothy ___. After I found the birth record below, it became apparent "Zuruiah" was the "daughter of Charles." Some have Zuriah md. to Dorothy ___; however, I see no proof of this nor would it be consistent with the gender. 2. The book "The Phelps Family of America and their English Ancestors," comp. by Oliver Seymour Phelps of Portland, Oregon and Andrew T. Servin of Lenox, Massachusetts, 1899, pp. 138-139: A. "Charles Phelps, b. Hebron, Ct., 26 July 1702, m. 17 Feb 1726, Hepzibah Stiles, b. Boxford, Mass., 7 Nov 1709, d. Hebron, Ct., dau. or Robert and Ruth (Bridges) Stiles. Mr Phelps settled in Hebron, Ct., where he died. Children b. Hebron, Ct.: I. Amy, b. 11 Nov 1726. II. Zuriah, b. 3 Apr 1729, m. Dorothy. III. Charles, b. 22 Sep 1732, m. Hannah Dennison. IV. Lydia (Lidu), b. 1 Mar 1738, m. Job Stiles Jr. V. Ashbel, b. 28 Apr 1743, m. possibly Jemima Buell. VI. Bethuel, b. 25 Apr 1744, m. Caroline Lord. VII. Timothy, b. 29 May 1745, m. Sarah Skinner. VIII. James, b. 29 May 1745. (Note - This James is given by Dr. C.A. Phelp's tree, and also in Stiles' old, though not in 2nd edition. We think this an error.)" B. P. 218: "Zuriah Phelps, b. Hebron, CT, 3 Apr 1729, m. Dorothy ___. Mr. Phelps was a farmer. He appears to have settled in the eastern part of the state, probably Lyme, Ct. He appears to have been a pensioner in Middletown, CT, at the age of 79 years. Children born Lyme, CT: I. Elijah, b. 13 May 1753 or 4, m. Mary Gibbs. II. Charles. III. William. IV. Joseph. V. Daniel. VI. Benjamin. VII. Dorothy, m. probably Lemuel Warren. 3. Henry R. Stiles, "The History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor, Connecticut," 1892, v. 2, p. 571: "Charles Phelps (son of Timothy, g.son of Lt. Timothy, gg.son of William) m. 26 Feb 1726, Hepzibah (dau. Robert) Stiles; she was of the Massachusetts Stiles family, and therefore was not, as has been claimed, a cousin of Pres. Stiles of Yale College; she was born Boxford, Mass., 7 Nov 17(prob. '09). Children (b. Hebron, CT.): A. Amay, b. 11 Nov 1726. B. Zuriah, b. 3 Apr 1729. C. Charles, b. 22 Sep 1732. D. Ashbel, b. 28 Apr 1743. E. Timothy, b. 29 May 1745. F. Bethuel, b. 25 Apr 1748." [Book does not have any Stiles biography of this line.] BIRTH: 1. Website 4 Sep 2007 www.douglaslibrary.org/barbour. The Douglas Library in Hebron, Connecticut has "Town of Hebron Vital Records: Barbour Collection 1708-1854," p. 103: "Zuruiah Phelps, d. Charles, b. Apr. 3, 1729, v. 1. p. 18." No marriage or death record. | Phelps, Zuruiah (I2090)
|
| 3253 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Living (I4622)
|
| 3254 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. I reviewed the Doddington parish records from 1665 to 1710 [large gap from 1640 to 1665] and there are no other entries for the names Clinch or Dancy in this parish. The marriage entry is transcribed below and makes no mention of either of the two belonging to another parish. The script in the marriage entry is extremely legible and there is no chance of a misinterpretation of the spelling. Elizabeth Dancy's origins remain a mystery. 2. Constructed Family Groups from extracted Otterden Church Records. See notes of Edward Clench (1532-1596 for detailed extractions. Source: FHL film 1752060, item 2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Otterden, Kent, England; begins 1570 but missing 1588/9, 1594/5, 1606/7, 1622/23, 1640/41-1660/61, 1681/82, 1682/83; half year only ofr 1673/74, 1677/78, 1679/80, 1683/84, 1727/28, 1750/51. Source: FHL film 1736930, item 1, Bishop's Transcript of Otterden; begins 1603 but missing 1604/5-1611/12, 1613/14, 1621/22, 1627/28, 1640/41, 1642/43-1661/62, 1675/76, 1696/97...: Family 1: Edward and Rose. Edward Clench listed as churchwarden 1581. Edward Clinch signs transcript 1593/94. John Style of Ulcombe wydower and Rose Clynch of Otterynden wydow were maryd 27 May 1596. [Edward is probable son of John and Johan Clench.] 15 May 1572, Jane Clench, c., d/o Edward Clenche and Roose his wyffe. 7 Feb 1573/4, Thomassen Clench, c., d/o Edward Clench and Roose his wyffe. 6 Nov 1575, John Clench, c., s/o Edward Clench and Roose his wyffe; bur. 10 Jun 1576. s/o Edward Clench a child. 16 Nov 1578, Benet Clench, c., d/o Edward Clench and Roose his wyffe. 13 Aug 1581, Margriett Clench c., d/o Edward Clench and Roose his wyffe. 19 Jun 1586, Edward Clench, c., s/o Edward Clench and Roose his wyffe. 12 Apr 1589, Elizabeth Clench, c. d/o Edward Clench and Roose his wyffe; bur. 27 Mar 1591, a child, d/o Edward Clench and Roose his wyffe. Family 2: John and ???. 12 Sep 1582, John Clenche was buryed 12 Sep 1582.. 12 Aug 1575, Rebecca Clench, a maiden, bur., d/o of John Clench. Family 3: Anthony and ???. Antonie Clench, housekeeper, bur. 23 Mar 1609/10. [Probable brother of Edward of Family 1 above and son of John and Johan Clench.] Family 3: Edward and [Elizabeth Pierce]: 15 Dec 1611, "the sonne of Edwarde Clenche still borne" bur. 12 Jul 1614, Elisabeth Clenche, c., d/o Edwarde Cle. [Clench]. 27 Jan 1639/40, Edward Gurner and Elizabeth Clench, mar. 11 May 1617, Sara Clinche, c., d/o Edward Clynche. 25 Nov 1620, Edwarde Clynce [Clynche], c., s/o Edwarde. 8 Feb 1623/4, James Clynche, c., s/o Edwarde Clynch. Probably the James Clinch, bur. 12 Aug 1688. 4 Aug 1627, Anne Clynche, c., d/o Edwarde Clynch. 10 Jul 1631, Solomon & Symon, c., sons/o Edwarde Clench. Family 4: Edward and Mary. Edward Clinch, yeamon, bur. 10 Jan 1665/6. 12 Dec 1661, John, bur., s/o Edward Clinch. 6 Aug 1663, Samuell, c., s/o Edward Clinch and Mary his wife. 10 Jan 1665/6, Elizabeth, c., s/o Edward Clinch and Mary his wife Family 5: Solomon and Frances: Solomon Clinch Parish Clark poor bur. [no day or month] 1684/5. 15 May 1663, William, c., s/o Solomon Clinch and ffrances his wife; bur. 31 May 1663, William, infant s/o of Solomon. 1 May 1664, William, c., s/o Solomon Clinch and ffrances his wife 4 Aug 1667, Edward, c., s/o Soloman Clynch and ffrances his wife 13 Nov 1672, Thomas, c., s/o of Solomon Clinch & ffrancis his wife. Probable child b. say 1674, Solomon (no recorded christening). Solomon Clinch a youth bur. 28 Oct 1690. Probable child b. say 1676 (no recorded christening). Sarah, bur. 28 May 1689, d/o of Wid. Clinch. Unplaced Individuals 29 Jul 1673, James Clinch, bur., s/o Wm. Clinch. 31 Jan 1676/7, Edward Clinch and Ruth Stamford, marr. 3. Worldconnect 30 Jun 2007 database ":charliegibson" A. William Clinch (1675-1744) was born in Deans Bottom, Kent, England. William Clinch occupation is listed as a yeoman farmer. His Will left the farm to William Clinch Jnr. B. Birth: Film 183588, ref 4580, p131; Film 184324, p38, ref 838; Film 452782, ref 59241. C. Marriage: Film: 457318-457322; Film: 471424. 13 Apr 1695 in Doddington, Kent. 4. LDS Ordinance Index has several children listed to William and Elizabeth Clinch of Bicknor, Kent, England that were christened in the early 1700s. The images of Bicknor Parish are available online at Family Search. A look at the actual images show that there were two similarly named couples having children at the same time: William and Elizabeth Clinch and William and Elizabeth Winch. The record keeper is very careful to clearly differentiate the surname spellings. Using the actual records we can correctly assign the christenings as follows: William and Elizabeth Clinch: [Note: no Frances is shown in the Bicknor record; also none of these children show up as child burials.] - Anna, 24 Nov 1700 - Will., 16 Jan 1703/4 - James, 4 Mar 1707/8 William and Elizabeth Winch: [Note: none of these children show up as child burials.] - Wm., 2 Feb 1709 - Elizabeth, 28 Dec 1712 - Anne, 9 Oct 1715 - John, 18 May 1718 - Mary, 23 Apr 1721 - Richard, 26 May 1723 William Winch may have remarried or this is his son's marriage to "Anne" since there is also a chr. shown to him and Anne his wife: - Anne, 20 Jan 1739 There has always been a problem in identifying which Elizabeth Clinch was buried 21 Apr 1716 with some assuming it was the Elizabeth Clinch (now Winch) chr. 28 Dec 1712 or Elizabeth Dancy who was William Clinch's wife. Burials are missing for the years; however, we do have the following: - "Elizabeth Clinch was buried Apr: 21st 1716." - "February 2d 1736 Elizabeth Winch was Buried." - "1744. Dec: 31st William Clinch." - "Nomr. 15th 1744 Buried Wm. Clinch." Considering the spelling and that Elizabeth Clinch no longer had children after 1708, the 1716 burial appears to be hers. The recorder did make an error in regards to the 1744 entries of the two William Clinches with one certainly William Winch; however, which is which is undetermined. No marriage for Clinches or Winches were found from 1690 to 1745 in the parish. 5. Website of Roy L. Hales "William Clinch Our Ancestor (c May 1 1644, Otterden - Dec 31 1744 Bicknor) married Elizabeth Dancy in Doddington on April 30 1695. They lived in Dean's Bottom, a part of Bredgar parish close to the border of Stockbury, but are more closely associated with the church of Bicknor, a mile to the South. Image to right taken from Bredgar assessment for 1734. [Website has image of assessment which shows "4, Wilm. Clinch - 00-04-00."] In William Clinch's will, proved in 1744, he mentions two children. His daughter Ann married a labourer named John Hawkes and moved to Hucking. She was left £8. His son William Clinch the younger received the farm and a special clause in the will ensured that his wife, Ann Knight, would receive the woodland if her husband preceded her. Their Children: Anna Clinch (c Nov 24 1700 Bicknor) married John Hawkes William Clinch (Our Ancestor) (3 Jan 1703 Bicknor - 9 Feb 1769, Stockbury) James Clinch (c Mar 4 1707 Bicknor - died before 1744)" MARRIAGE: 1. FHL FILM 1751815 item 4, Archdeacon's Transcript for Doddington Parish: "William Clinch was marryed to Elizabeth Dancy on ye thirtyeth day of Aprill 1695." DEATH: 1. Website wills.canterbury-cathedral.org accessed 4 Jan 2015 indexes a will for William Clinch of Bredgar made 1742 and probated 1744. Register ref. PRC/17/92/92b (Original PRC/16/551 C/1). Will is filed with the Archdeaconry of Canterbury (pp. 45-48 of 304 for 1744) and available online at Family https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9R56-X41?mode=g&i=46&owc=collection%2F1949814%2Fwaypoints&wc=M682-SNL%3A250713701%2C250719201%2C251470701%3Fcc%3D1949814&cc=1949814 which I accessed 4 Jan 2016. My extract of the will: William Clinch of Breadgar, County Kent (Title on will notes "1744 William Clinch the Elder late of Bredgar his will.") Bequeaths to "my Daughter ffrances now wife of John ffrankes of Hucking in the Said County Labourer eight pounds of good and lawfull money..." Bequeaths to "my Son William Clynch All that my messuage ... [of] four acres ... in the Said parish of Breadgar called Deans Bottom..." with the property passing to his wife "Ann Clinch" in the case of his son's death as long as she remains a widow; if she dies or marries the property to pass to the child or children of William and Ann. Son William Clinch to be executor. Signed by mark. Witnessed by John York, Batcheller, and John Lossingham(?) Note on cover: "January the 14th 1744[/5] Wm. Clinch the executor" attests that the estate will not exceed 20 pounds. My comments: 1. From marriage records and christening records, we know that Ann Clinch married John Franks in 1722 at Stockbury and had at least three children all christened at Stockbury from 1722 to 1730. A 1700 christening record has been found for "Anna Clinch," but nothing for any Frances. Apparently the daughter Frances of the will is the same person as Ann the daughter. 2. The will confirms that William Senior's wife and son James had predeceased him. BURIAL: 1. Bicknor Church Records (FHL film 1851040, item #6): "Elizabeth Clinch was buried Ap: 21st 1716." SOURCES_MISC: 1. Worldconnect 17 Jun 2007 database ":2637493" of Mike Herod | Clinch, William (I3894)
|
| 3255 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. I reviewed the Doddington parish records from 1665 to 1710 [there was a large gap from 1640 to 1665 due to the Civil War] and there are no other entries for the names Clinch or Dancy in this parish. The marriage entry is transcribed below and makes no mention of either of the two belonging to another parish. The script in the marriage entry is extremely legible and there is no chance of a misinterpretation of the spelling. I also reviewed the records for Bicknor without finding Elizabeth's christening even though she has children christened in Bicknor. I have done major extractions of both Bicknor and Stockbury for family names and it is apparent these two parishes had interchangeable families and attendance since the churches are literally less than three miles apart. Bicknor adjoins South Green in Stockbury and Dean's Bottom in Bredgar. William Clinch's family actually lived in Deans Bottom, but preferred to register their family in Bicknor. With this in mind and noting the scarcity of this name, the following Dancy entry in Stockbury is most likely our Elizabeth Dancy. It also helps that she is about a year younger than her husband. Elizabeth would have been almost 30 years old which probably explains why she only bore children until 1708. I feel this is most likely our Elizabeth Dancy. From the Archdeacon's Transcript (FHL film 1752235, it. 2): - Elisabeth d/o Robert & Anne Dancye, c. 23 June 1665 The pages for this time period are missing from the Parish Record (FHL film 1473718, it. 2); however, the Bishop's Transcript (FHL film 1737092, it. 3) does show it also: June 23, 1665 -- Elisabeth daughter of Rob: & Anne Dancy, bap. I also did a search for any other Dancy in Stockbury for 1655 to 1675 and there are no more entries for this family. In fact, using the FHL's Kent Family Association's CD for transcriptions of the Stockbury records, there were no Dancys at all (they missed Elizabeth Dancy). The only potential entry could be: -28 Sep 1701, Edward Parkingson and mary Danes, marr. I am not sure why the marriage was performed in Doddington since this couple had no family there. It is a little over five miles north of Bicknor and about 3.5 miles north of Otterden. All of these parishes are very close. Apparently Robert Dancy was somewhat mobile. 2. LDS Ordinance Index has several children listed to William and Elizabeth Clinch of Bicknor, Kent, England that were christened in the early 1700s. The images of Bicknor Parish are available online at Family Search. A look at the actual images show that there were two similarly named couples having children at the same time: William and Elizabeth Clinch and William and Elizabeth Winch. The record keeper is very careful to clearly differentiate the surname spellings. Using the actual records we can correctly assign the christenings as follows: William and Elizabeth Clinch: [Note: no Frances is shown in the Bicknor record; also none of these children show up as child burials.] - Anna, 24 Nov 1700 - Will., 16 Jan 1703/4 - James, 4 Mar 1707/8 William and Elizabeth Winch: [Note: none of these children show up as child burials.] - Wm., 2 Feb 1709 - Elizabeth, 28 Dec 1712 - Anne, 9 Oct 1715 - John, 18 May 1718 - Mary, 23 Apr 1721 - Richard, 26 May 1723 William Winch may have remarried or this is his son's marriage to "Anne" since there is also a chr. shown to him and Anne his wife: - Anne, 20 Jan 1739 There has always been a problem in identifying which Elizabeth Clinch was buried 21 Apr 1716 with some assuming it was the Elizabeth Clinch (now Winch) chr. 28 Dec 1712 or Elizabeth Dancy who was William Clinch's wife. Burials are missing for the years; however, we do have the following: - "Elizabeth Clinch was buried Apr: 21st 1716." - "February 2d 1736 Elizabeth Winch was Buried." - "1744. Dec: 31st William Clinch." - "Nomr. 15th 1744 Buried Wm. Clinch." Considering the spelling and that Elizabeth Clinch no longer had children after 1708, the 1716 burial appears to be hers. The recorder did make an error in regards to the 1744 entries of the two William Clinches with one certainly William Winch; however, which is which is undetermined. No marriage for Clinches or Winches were found from 1690 to 1745 in the parish. 3. Worldconnect 30 Jun 2007 database ":charliegibson" A. Elizabeth Dancy (1674-1716) was born in Doddington, Kent, England. B. Birth: Film: 445398 C. Marriage: Film: 457318-457322; Film: 471424.13 Apr 1695 in Doddington, Kent. My note: I verified the birth data purported by the above entry and find it to be bogus. There is no birth entries in Dodington for any Dancy in 1674. I also checked from 1665 to 1710 and there are no Dancy entries whatsoever except for the marriage which is correct as reported above. The film numbers are also incorrect with FHL film 445398 being for the 1880 US Census soundex. Perhaps the film numbers are those of another repository. In any case a review of the actual church record disproves a christening in Doddington. 4. Website of Roy L. Hales "William Clinch Our Ancestor (c May 1 1644, Otterden - Dec 31 1744 Bicknor) married Elizabeth Dancy in Doddington on April 30 1695. They lived in Dean's Bottom, a part of Bredgar parish close to the border of Stockbury, but are more closely associated with the church of Bicknor, a mile to the South. Image to right taken from Bredgar assessment for 1734. [Website has image of assessment which shows "4, Wilm. Clinch - 00-04-00."] In William Clinch's will, proved in 1744, he mentions two children. His daughter Ann married a labourer named John Hawkes and moved to Hucking. She was left £8. His son William Clinch the younger received the farm and a special clause in the will ensured that his wife, Ann Knight, would receive the woodland if her husband preceded her. Their Children: Anna Clinch (c Nov 24 1700 Bicknor) married John Hawkes William Clinch (Our Ancestor) (3 Jan 1703 Bicknor - 9 Feb 1769, Stockbury) James Clinch (c Mar 4 1707 Bicknor - died before 1744)" MARRIAGE: 1. FHL FILM 1751815 item 4, Archdeacon's Transcript for Doddington Parish: "William Clinch was marryed to Elizabeth Dancy on ye thirtyeth day of Aprill 1695." SOURCES_MISC: 1. Worldconnect 17 Jun 2007 database ":2637493" of Mike Herod | Dancy, Elizabeth (I3636)
|
| 3256 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. I searched FHL films 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury and 1835742 item #1, Bishop's Transcript of Stockbury for marriages and/or burials for the children of James Nichols and Margaret Waterman from their christenings until 1850 and found neither. CHRISTENING: 1. FHL film 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury: Parents noted as James and Margaret Nichols. | Nichols, Jane (I2789)
|
| 3257 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. I searched FHL films 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury and 1835742 item #1, Bishop's Transcript of Stockbury for marriages and/or burials for the children of James Nichols and Margaret Waterman from their christenings until 1850 and found neither. CHRISTENING: 1. FHL film 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury: Parents noted as James and Margaret Nickolls. | Nichols, Sarah (I1600)
|
| 3258 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. I searched FHL films 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury and 1835742 item #1, Bishop's Transcript of Stockbury for marriages and/or burials for the children of James Nichols and Margaret Waterman from their christenings until 1850 and found neither. CHRISTENING: 1. FHL film 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury: Parents noted as James and Margaret Nichols. | Nichols, Mary (I1587)
|
| 3259 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. I searched FHL films 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury and 1835742 item #1, Bishop's Transcript of Stockbury for marriages and/or burials for the children of James Nichols and Margaret Waterman from their christenings until 1850 and found neither. CHRISTENING: 1. FHL film 1752235 item #2, Archdeacon's Transcript of Stockbury: Parents noted as James and Margaret Nichols. DEATH: 1. Some have purported a Jul 1873 burial in Stockbury, but no such event is recorded a couple of years either side of this date. See FHL film 1835742 item #1, Bishop's Transcript of Stockbury. | Nichols, James (I370)
|
| 3260 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. I use George Crawford as the husband. Consider the following: A. "Itawamba County Marriage Book 1"at B. No early LDS ordinance work is done for Jedediah Brown. All entries are from the 1990's whereas Jane's is from late 1800's and early 1900's as noted in her notes. No Jedediah shows up in any sources whereas George Crawford does and I am in communication with one of their descendants of theirs: Paula Haymon C. Samuel Newton Adair, who grew up with the Mangums, in the following document clearly links George Crawford to "Jeney" Mangum. From Don and Carolyn Smith from one of three part writings of Samuel Newton Adair. [When asked who has the original of this, Carolyn referred me to Becky Hamblin [bhamblin79@hotmail.com] to try to locate the original of this; Becky in turn believes Collins Chapman in Mesa may have it since Collins' mother is the granddaughter who hand wrote it for Samuel. It has not yet been located by Becky. The following is one of the three parts [see Samuel Newton Adair's notes for full quotation]: "Luna, New Mexico, October 7, 1919. I, Samuel Newton Adair, will write what I know about my mother's folks. My grandfather's name was John Mangum and he married Rebecca Noles, so my grandmother's name was Rebecca Mangrum, my grandfather Mangum was a revolutionary soldier with General Morgan (one of his minute men.) He was taken prisoner with a lot of other men by the British soldiers and they set them on a log and split their heads open, all but my grandfather's and he had some kind of varmint skin cap on and that and the skull stopped the force of the sword and it glanced off and cut his ear nearly off and they turned him lose. He married after the war was over as stated above. Their children are: Cyrus Mangrum, Joseph Mangrum, John Mangrum, William Mangrum and James Mangrum. The daughter's names were: Jeney Mangrum, Gemima Mangrum, Rebecca Mangrum, and Lucinda Mangum. They were all my uncles and aunts. Joseph Mangrum married Emiline Hanner, William married Aunt Sally Adair, John married Aunt Mary Ann Adair, James Mangrum married Jane Clark, my father's niece. I don't know who Uncle Cyrus Mangum married. Jeney Mangrum married George Crawford, Gemima Mangrum married Samuel Jefferson Adair, my father. Rebecca Mangrum married Joseph Adair, my father's cousin. Lucinda Mangrum married James Richey, my father's nephew." D. I have been in communication with Paula Haymon of Maryland who is a descendant of Jane Mangum and George Crawford. Paula is working on establishing Jane as the daughter of John Mangum and Rebecca Mangum. There is nothing but circumstantial evidence that is somewhat compelling. Many records show Jane married to Jedediah M. Brown, but there has never been any proof of this except for an undocumented note in the Mangum book by Delta Ivie Mangum Hale. On the other hand, the website Father: Cyrus Mangum, b: 1803 in South Carolina [Kerry's note: Newberry, Newberry, SC.] Mother: Lucinda Unknown, b: 1812 in South Carolina Children per Census of Pickens County, AL for 1850 and Census of Lavaca County, TX for 1860 US: Mary Mangum, Sex: F Birth: 1830. Marriage: John Turman, b: 1822 in Tennessee, married: 1850 in Pickens County, AL. (Logical conclusions: I have placed Mary Turman in Cyrus's family as they lived near each other in both 1850 and 1860. I am not certain that his daughter in 1830 census is Mary but, here is what I've found. The daughter in the "Under 5" category of the 1830 Pickens County, AL census would have been 20-24 years old in 1850. As she was the only child in 1830, some conclusions may be drawn. (1) Cyrus and Lucinda were probably married within the past year or two. (2) With no other children, this makes her probably under two, highly likely to be under one and born in 1830. (2) Therefore, her age in 1850 is most likely toward the low end of the 20-24 range and is most probably 20. On page 11a of the Pickens County, AL., 1850 census, one page away from the Cyrus Mangum family, are Mary (20, b. in AL) and John Terman (28 b in TN). In 1860 in Lavaca County, TX, on page 193, the family immediately above Cyrus Mangum is Mary and John Turman, ages 30 and 38 with birthplaces of AL and TN, respectively.) David Mangum, Sex: M Birth: 1833 Elizabeth Mangum, Sex: F Birth: 1836 Warren Mangum, Sex: M, Birth: 1837 Nancy Mangum, Sex: F, Birth: 1840 Alaham Mangum, Sex: M, Birth: 1844 John Mangum, Sex: M, Birth: 1850" Paula continues: "Although I am becoming increasingly convinced that my Jane is John's daughter, because 'accepted' genealogies have her married to the wrong man [Jedediah Brown] and born in the wrong place, I have to search all the possibilities. That is, I know that my Jane Mangum married in Itawamba County, that the only family of Mangums in Itawamba County are John's family. But as yet, I have no 'smoking gun', so to speak, to directly connect her to him, a will would be handy but does not appear to exist. [These comments were made by Paula before we found Samuel Newton Adair's testimony giving us confidence of the link of George Crawford and Jane.] So, I have been 'proving' the connection by disproving other possibilities, e.g., did a granddaughter come with them to MS, etc. and making associations, e.g., my Jane Mangum and George Crawford were married by Samuel Adair. Curiously, I can find no listing of children for the Mangum - Brown connection, nor can I find a Jedediah, or even a J* Brown in any pertinent census years. I have corresponded via e-mail with Dr. Palmer and he knows of no primary record for the Jedediah Brown marriage. It almost seems as though the Jedediah Brown information was asserted, without any accompanying proof, by a descendant of a collateral line who was trying to get into the DAR. As it wasn't important to the claimant's request for DAR membership, it went unchallenged. I certainly have a lot of information on her, and others, that is of the pass along type and I don't have proof for it yet. The only thing I can surmise for all these Jane Mangum incongruities is that there were three Jane Mangum's born about 1824 - 1826 time frame: one in Tennessee, one in South Carolina, and one in Alabama, John's daughter. The South Carolina Jane Mangum married an M. D. Brown. The Tennessee woman, Sarah Jane Mangum, was born in Hardin County, in 1826 and married Daniel Hitchcock. My Jane Mangum was born in May of 1825, in Alabama, as she reports on most every census. Of course she could have been born in TN while her mother was visiting there and was not aware of it. Curiously, again, Jane Mangum Crawford apparently claimed to one of her children to have been born in Scotland, who knows why, or at what time in her life. Looks like to me that all the Janes were 'stirred' together and came out as one person. Jane Mangum Crawford died in 1904 in Oklahoma. At least her tombstone has that date. If my Jane Mangum is John and Rebecca's daughter, any and all of her work would have been done as proxies, if that's the correct word, as she never became Mormon, but was, I think, a Baptist, as were most of the Crawfords. On searches that I have done for 'Jane Mangum' on familysearch.org, I have noticed that the only marriage that is listed that is from a primary source is the Crawford one, the Jedediah Brown info is not only not primary but and is very vague, e.g. anywhere from 1840-1854 and Tennessee to Alabama to Mississippi for the same event. That's piling on the suspicions for me. I don't have obituaries, but another Crawford cousin is sending photos of Jane's tombstone. I don't know quite why, again, but it has her name as Virginia Crawford. In all official records, she used Jane, not only her marriage but also census. I will ask if they know of any obituaries for them and start searching if they don't. Newspapers were few and far between in Indian Territory for Jane; George has a higher chance as he died in Arkansas." The following is per 2 May 2003 gedcom from Paula on file for George and Jane [there are several descending generations and source documentation on the gedcom that I do not transcribe except for bio data for George and Jane's children and spouses]: Husband: George Washington Crawford, b: 1810 in North Carolina or South Carolina. Married 8 Jun 1841 in Itawamba, MS. Death: Aft. 1880 in Clarksville, Johnson Co, AR. George's father: Thomas Crawford, b: 1784 in VA. Wife: Jane Mangum, b. May 1825 in Alabama. Death: 9 Nov 1904 in Beardon, Okfuskee County, OK. Children: Amanda Crawford, b: 1842 in Itawamba Co., MS; in 1850 census for Itawamba Co., MS. Thomas Jefferson Crawford, b: 11 Sep 1845 in MS, m. Lucinda Taylor 27 Dec 1866 in Itawamba Co., MS, d. 1923 Ben Lomond, Sevier, AR; in 1850 census for Itawamba Co., MS; in 1900 census of Sevier Co., AR; Lucinda Taylor, b. Jan 1851 in MS. [From Mary Jackson John Cyrus Crawford, b: Jun 1848 in Itawamba Co., MS, m. Cassie Brown; may be in Sevier Co. near his brother in the 1900 census under John S. Nancy Catherine Crawford, b: Mar 1850 in Itawamba Co., MS, m. James Alfred Nixon 27 Feb 1873 at Itawamba Co., MS, d. and bur. Coalgate, Coal, OK. James Nixon b. 1848 in MS, d. 13 Feb 1928 in Calhoun Co., MS, and bur. in Springhill Cemetery in MS. Flora C. Crawford, b: 1853. Silas Crawford, b: Abt 1856. Mary Jane Crawford, b: 1859, d. 20 Nov 1879. William Jefferson Davis Crawford, b: 28 Apr 1861 in Choctaw Co., MS, m. America J. Miller, d. 1 Jan 1941 at Paden, Okfuskee, OK. George Washington Crawford, Jr., b: 30 Apr 1864 in Calhoun Co., MS, m. Amber Bell Owen 5 Jan 1896 at Coalgate, Coal, OK, d. 3 Apr 1911 at Battiest, McCurtain, OK. Amber b. 1872 in VA. 2. Censuses: 1850 US: Itawamba Co., MS, p. 313A: George W. Crawford, 40. Jane, 28. Armanda F., 8 [sloppy handwriting - may be Aminda]. Thomas J., 5. John C., 3. Nancy C., 6/12. 1860 US: Itawamba Co., MS, p. 204 of 357, Fulton P.O., 18 Aug 1860, Thomas and George live next to each other (Thomas is presumed to be the father of George.): Dwelling/household 1343: Thomas Crawford, 76, farmer, $550 personal estate, b. VA. Dwelling/household 1344: George Crawford, 50, farmer, $300/$100, b. NC. Jane, 35, AL. Thomas, 15, farm laborer, MS. Cyrus, 12, MS. Nancy, 10, MS. Flora C., 7, MS. Mary J., 1, MS. 1870 US: Township 9, Itawamba Co., MS, 20 Aug 1870, Fulton P.O., p. 35 of 44, George Crawford and his son Thomas live next to each other: Dwelling/family #243: George Crawford, 55 farmer, $200/$300, SC. Jane, 55, keeping house, Georgia. Nancy, 20, MS. Mary, 14, MS. George, 12, farm laborer, MS. Davis, 9, MS. Paddy (female), 3, MS. Dwelling/family #244: Thomas Crawford, 26, farm laborer, MS. Lousinda, 23, keeping house, MS. Joseph, 3, MS. Jane, 3/12, MS. Cyrus, 22, farm laborer, MS. 1880 US: Cove, Polk, Arkansas per NA Film T9-0054, p. 526D (Note: Son John C. Crawford shows in same census in Union Co., MS and indicates his father was born in SC and mother in AL.): G.W. Crawford, 67, farmer, NC VA VA. Jane, wife, 54, AL VA SC. Mary J., dau., 21, MS NC AL. William D., son, 15, MS NC AL. George W., son, 13, MS NC AL. Frances Boling, gdau., 12, MS AL __. 3. Early St. George, Utah, temple work shows a daughter of George and Jane Crawford, Araminda Frances Adair, b. 1841 and d. 1860, receiving ordinance work 27 Nov 1877 by Adair relatives. 4. FHL periodical "Itawamba Settlers" has a listing of G.W. Crawford on the 1846 Tax List of Itawamba County, Mississippi. MARRIAGE: 1. See notes above for marriage. 2. "Itawamba County Marriage Book 1"at 3. FHL film 901648 "Marriages of Itawamba Co., Mississippi," vol. 1, p. 49: "George Crawford to Jane Mangum. To any Minister of the Gospel, Judge of the State of Mississippi, of Judge, Justice, or Officer of Itawamba County authorized to celebrate marriages: Greeting - You are hereby licensed to celebrate the rites of matrimony between George Crawford and Jane Mangum and you will return unto the office of the Probate Court of said County a certificate hereon of the solemnization thereof. Witness J. Robins, Clerk of said Court and the seal thereunto annexed the 7th day of June 1841. J. Robins, Clerk by the Dept. L. J. Copeland." "In virtue hereof the rites of matrimony between George Crawford and Jane Mangum were duly celebrated by me 8th day of June 1841. Samuel Adair, Minister of the Gospel." DEATH: 1. See Burial information below. BURIAL: 1. There appears to be two differing opinions on the burial spot for George. Mary Jackson below is a proponent of Penney Cemetery location whereas Ola Mae Trout proposes Hilton Cemetery. I include both of their comments as follows. Please note my opinion in item C below: A. Email from Mary Mills Jackson [mailto:jackj@valornet.com] 16 Nov 2008. Mary is the great grand-daughter of George and Virginia. Her comments: "I am so glad that you have the correct information on my great grandmother, Jane Mangum Crawford. I was disappointed in the book that I ordered "John Mangum, American Revolutionary Soldier and Descendants" that on page 19, it had her married to a different man (Jedediah Brown) with a different date of death of 1913 rather than Nov. 1904. I called & talked with Mrs. Dallas Mangum in Utah. She said that they could not guarantee any information in the book was correct. I found Virginia Crawford's marker in Bearden Cemetery in OK & called and talked with Mrs. Amber Ott (she lives in OK & stated that she had spent 50 yrs. doing genealogy research). She said that the back of the marker of Virginia Crawford had her daughter-in-law's name on it (America Crawford). I am in the process of ordering a grave marker for George Washington Crawford who married Virginia Jane Mangum. He is buried in Penny Cemetery. Penney Cemetery is located in Sevier County, Arkansas, in a small rural community called Falls Chapel. It sits to the left side of Highway 71 going north towards the city of Lockesburg. My deceased Uncle Jack Crawford (great grandson of George Washington Crawford & my deceased brother, Joel "Buddy" Mills III marked the grave with some gravel. I know the lady that mows this cemetery & she remembers all of this. There all some huge rocks in the cemetery & some of the markers were stolen per the lady that now mows the cemetery. According to family story, my Uncle Jack & his father, William Arthur (Pa Jack) had visited the cemetery many years before & knew that George Washington Crawford was buried there. I want to put on it his wife's name & where she is buried for future generations. My records show that he was born around 1810 in North Carolina. The Crawford Exchange records state that he was born Jan. 15, 1813 in McMinn, TN. He died 3 Aug 1882 near Board Camp, Polk County, Arkansas. Polk County is north of Sevier County going towards Mena, AR. I have a copy of his son, Thomas Jefferson Crawford's (my great grandfather) death certificate. Thomas J. Crawford lists his father's name as George Crawford born in Alabama & it shows his mother as Jane Graham, born in Alabama. The information was supplied by Ollie Hallman (sister). However, I believe that they misunderstood the mother's name. His place of burial is the Ben Lomond, Arkansas cemetery." Mary, in a follow-up email after reviewing Ola Mae's notes below added the following comment on 30 Nov 2008: "You have some interesting thoughts on George Washington Crawford. However, my grandfather (William Arthur) & his brother (Lon Crawford) told my Uncle Jack Crawford that their great grandfather (George Washington Crawford) was buried in the Penney Cemetery in Sevier County, AR. I talked with my older brother. He remembers that our Great Uncle Lon (Alonzo Crawford, who was grandson of GWC) and another relative going to get a truckload of yellow gravel and hauling it to the Penney Cemetery and putting it on the location of the GWC grave. The lady that mows the cemetery said that she knew well where the gravel was because that was the only gravel in that cemetery and she has hit it on her mower. I truly believe that this is where he was laid to rest & I intend to place a marker in this cemetery for him. I have been unable to find a Hilton Cemetery listed with those buried in it in Polk County. Until I have more proof, I still believe that he (GWC) is buried in Sevier County. I have an Aunt that that died in 1997 at the age of 87 & she said that he was buried there also. She always said that her father's family came from Board Camp, AR. I asked the lady, Mrs. Ott, in OK if she knew why that he would be buried there. She said perhaps he was traveling somewhere. Sevier County is just below Polk County in Arkansas." B. Email correspondence from Ola Mae Trout 11/30/08 Response: "Hello Kerry, thanks for the information you sent. To answer your question, I have not seen the tombstone at Hilton Cemetery. In June 2006 I meet a lady in Mena, who said she was part of the Crawford family. She told me about the grave, and said it had a stone. The cemetery is out in a pasture, and very hard to find. We tried finding the cemetery, could not. After we came home, I did find in a listing on Rootsweb/Polk Co. where the Hilton cemetery had survived, and his name and date was listed. So later a cousin from Ark. went and found the cemetery (in the summer time) - it was so grown up with trees growing through graves and so much brush, they were afraid to walk and look through it all. I looked through the Polk Co., Ar. listings this morning and didn't find the listing. Guess it had been taken off. I had been told before this, that this George Washington Crawford was buried in Clarksville, AR, having the same date. I have not given up on trying to visit the Hilton cemetery some time. But don't know when that will be." My inquiry: "Hello, You had the following message posted: Does anyone know who this George Crawford who died Aug. 3, 1882 and is buried in Hilton Cemetery, Polk Co. Ark. is? He seems to be the only Crawford in that cemetery with a head stone, but they say there are other Crawfords buried there? Could he be the same George Crawford who was married to Virginia Jane Mangum, and the son of Thomas Crawford, who was in Itawamba Co., MS. in the 1860 census? I think George was also in Itawamba Co. also in 1860, and then I know some of his family came into Polk and Sevier Co., Ark. Need some help on this one. Thanks Ola Mae, Okla." C. I have been reviewing the two proposed locations in regards to a potential burial site for the George Washington Crawford who married Virginia/Jane Mangum. After some researching this week, I am now of the opinion that there were actually two George Crawfords of roughly the same age living in Polk County, Arkansas in 1880. I also believe that the two are being confused. It is my opinion that the George Washington Crawford (GWC) md. to Virginia/Jane Mangum is probably not the one buried in Hilton Cemetery. I also believe that he was not born in 1813 in Tennessee as some purport, but was actually born in the Carolinas around 1810. Consider the following: a. In the censuses below, we have been able to properly identify GWC. There was not once in any census where he represented himself as being born in Tennessee, but shows consistently birth as always in the Carolinas (varies between North and South). He was also in Mississippi for the 1850, 1860, and 1870 censuses. It was only in the 1880 census that he finally appears in Arkansas (Cove Township in Polk Co.). We can also see that his father was most likely Thomas who was alive and living next door to GWC in Mississippi as late as the 1860 census. Cove Township is just barely north of Sevier County where we find the Penney Cemetery. b. In searching for my theorized other George Crawford (GC) in the same county of Polk in Arkansas, we do indeed find one in the 1860, 1870, and 1880 censuses and he is consistently reported in Mountain Township in these three censuses, which is in the N.E. section of the county versus Cove Township for GWC in the opposite S.W. corner of the county. Never is the GC identified with a middle name of Washington or even a middle initial. Since both GWC and GC appear in 1880 in the same census, we now know they were different individuals. GC's listed post office is also shown in the censuses as "Big Bend" which I believe refers to the large bend in the River separating Mountain Township from adjoining Fulton Township (I cannot find the exact location). Hilton Cemetery is just across the river on the Fulton Township side on more or less a straight line halfway between Board Camp and Big Bend (about a mile from the Cemetery to Board Camp or to Big Bend). It would be reasonable to assume that it is this second George who is the one in the Hilton Cemetery since it would be very close to his census location. All of the censuses report GC was born in Tennessee and allowing for the vagaries of census ages, it appears 1813 is the most likely birth - this may be why some family historians give GWC the proposed birth of 1813 in TN where it should actually be GC. I also find an entry for GC on the Worldconnect (database "llott1") as follows. The children line up to GA's census records, but certainly are a different family from GWC. It is coincidental that he also had a father named Thomas, but this Thomas died in the 1830s if one follows the links on Worldconnect. GC's wives are also different from Virginia/Jane Mangum. Note also that the death date is the same one that some GWC researchers assign (undocumented) to their George." The information on the "wrong" George Crawford: "ID: I0292 Name: George Washington Crawford Sex: M Birth: 15 Jan 1813 in Outside Athens McMinn Co Tennessee Death: 3 Aug 1882 in buried at Hilton Cemetery, Boardcamp AR Father: Thomas Crawford b: 8 Nov 1788 in Polk Co Tennessee Mother: Priscilla Barnett b: 4 Apr 1794 in Person Co North Carolina Marriage 1 Anna Harkey b: 14 Apr 1818 in North Carolina Married to Emily Jane Parish after Anna Harkey Children 1. Elizabeth Crawford b: 9 Feb 1849 in Arkansas 2. Sarah Crawford b: 1837 3. Newton Crawford b: 1839 4. Caroline Crawford b: 1841 in MO 5. William Crawford b: 1845 6. Anna Crawford b: 1847 7. George Crawford JR b: 1853 8. James Crawford b: 1863 9. John Crawford b: 1867 10. Berry Samuel Crawford b: 13 Jan 1870 Marriage 2 Emily Jane Parish Cahoun" D. Additional information from Paula Haymon received by email dated 18 Jan 2013 regarding my inquiry about the two Georges: In regards to "George W. Crawford's burial location and his birth year... George is enumerated with the age of 67 in the 1880 Federal Census of Polk County, AR, which gives rise to the 1810-1813 birth year. Although he was most likely born in 1810 and most likely in North Carolina, his birth year and place are inconsistently reported on census records. I have not found a location for his burial. However, his son Thomas Jefferson is buried in Ben Lomond Cemetery, Sevier, AR as T. J. Crawford. "A posting, below, on Polk County USGenweb site, http://argenweb.net/polk//crawgen.htm Cottman, Leslie, "Crawford Genealogy; Reprinted from Polk County AR Genealogical Society Quarterly," USGenweb: Polk County, AR, http://argenweb.net/polk//crawgen.htm SOURCES_MISC: 1. FHL Film 1697868 and book "The Mangums of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Utah, and Adjoining States," by John T. Palmer, Ph.D. Santa Rosa, CA 95409, 1993, 3rd ed. | Crawford, George Washington (I1335)
|
| 3261 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Important DNA information by email Nov 2014 from Professor Andrew M. Colman The two lines relate back as follows: Andrew's: "My father's mother, Rose Hodes, was the daughter of Miriam Gana Herzenberg (1859-1945). Miriam was the daughter of Jossel Elias Herzenberg (1815-1881), Rabbi of Liepaja (Libau). He was the son of Elias or Eliahu Herzenberg (abt 1774-1844), Rabbi of Piltene. He was the son of Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (abt 1750-abt 1815)...[*]" Irene's: Her grandmother was Elizabeth Herzenberg who was the daughter of Eduard/Elias Ocipovitch Herzenberg (abt 1838-1910). He was the son of Joseph Herzenberg (abt 1808-aft 1877). He was the son Lemchen Herzenberg (abt 1779-1840). He was the son of Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (abt 1750-abt 1815). The two lines merge with Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (abt 1750-abt 1815) who I shall call "Generation 1." Susan Sutcliffe is the 4gg-dau of Joseph of the 7th Generation. Irene is also the 4gg-dau of Joseph of the 7th Generation. [*Note: Andrew then extends the line two generations further than what I do by noting "and Joseph (abt 1750-abt 1815) was the son of Lemchen Herzenberg (born abt 1720), the son of the postulated Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (born abt 1695)." I do not concur with this additional genealogy and believe it mistaken.] 2. Website of Peter Bruce Herzenberg of London, England (since relocated to South Africa). Website is no longer functioning as of 7 Aug 2007. Copies of much of his data from the Website in my possession. Sources are LA for Latvian Archives. In regards to this individual: Name variations: Miriam, Marija, Merium, Marium LA 009 shows b. 15 Jun 1859 (with variation of 1858) in Libau, d. 17 Apr 1945, md. Hodes in 1878 in Libau. 3. Archival Research Paper about Herzenberg Family prepared for Harold Hodes 23 Mar 1999 and is report no. Nr. 3-H-2962, by Latvijas Valsts Vestures Arhivs (Latvian National Archives), Slokas iela 16, Riga, LV-1007, copy of only page 1 in my possession but evidently other pages exist: "In reply to your application please be informed that the recruits enlistment registers of the Jewish families belonging to the Jewish community in Pilten for the years 1842, 1848, 1854, 1871 (see app. No. 1-4), census lists of the Jewish families belonging to Pilten for the years 1898, 1899 as well as the birth records of the Jewish community in Libau (now Liepaja) for the years 1836-1853, 1854, 1857-1905, marriage and death recods of the same community for years 1854-1905, as available at our archives, contain the following information: Rabbi Jossel (or Josiph) Herzenberg was a son of Elias Herzenberg from Pilten. He was born in ca 1815-1816, possible in Pilten. Since our archives keep birth, marriage and death records of the Jewish communites for the time period from 1854, when they started to be kept officially, it is impossible to confirm the dates fevore 1854. Jossel's father - a Rabbi Elias - son of Joseph Herzenberg, born in ca 1774, died in 1842. Jossel's mother - Chiene Herzenberg (maiden name not stated), born in ca 1780. Jossel's wife - Dine (Dinne, Diene) née Iddelson (birth date is unknown). They had children: -son Hirsh, born in ca 1836, -son Lämmchen, born in ca 1843, -son Elkan (Elkann), born in ca 1850, -daughter Sheine, born on August 31 of 1857 in Libau (see App. No. 6), -daughter Meriam, born on June 15 of 1859 in Libau (see App. No. 7). Elkan - son of Jossel Herzenberg married Doris (Dobra, Doba) daughter of Aizik Dreyer, born in ca 1852. The marriage records of the Jewish community in Libau for the years 1870-1875 do not contain information on their marriage. The... [end of 1st page and my copy]" 4. Len Yodaikin, a professional genealogist hired by Harold Hodes, in his report "The Herzenbergs of Piltene and Leipeja Latvia, 1 Jan 2000, provides the following descendancy from Hirsh and Miriam (Herzenberg) Hodes: -Hirsch Hodes, b. 1853 Pikellai, Lithuania, d. 1928 Jo'berg (Johannesberg) South Africa., m. Miriam Herzenberg, b. 1859 Libau, Latvia, d. 1945 Jo'berg, SA. -Doris Hodes, b. 1880 Libau, d. Jo'berg, SA, m. Abraham Stazunsky. -Leo Statz, b. 1900 Jo'berg, d. Jo'berg, m. Jesse Hyde. -Julius Statz, b. 1903, m. Rose Bloom. -Peter Staz b. 1936, m. (1) Anne ___, m. (2) Lilliam Buffenstein. -Richard Staz, b. London, UK. -Damien Staz, b. London, UK. -Geoffrey Staz, b. Capetown, SA. -Dina Hodes, b. 1882 Libau, d. Blemfontein, SA, m. Lous Shapiro -Celia Hodes, b. 1884 Libau, d. Cape Town, SA, m. Adolphe Apiron, b. 1876. -Gladys Apirion, b. 1905, m. (1) Ralph Asherson, b. 1898, m. (2) Werner Lippman, b. 1907. Children from first marriage: -Joan Asherson, b. 1931, m. Ken Ackerman, b. 1928. -Keith Ackerman, b. 1957 London, UK, m. Tessa Shephard, b. 1965. -Naomi Ackerman, b. 1992. -Ruben Ackerman, b. 1995. -Roy Ackerman, b. 1961 London, UK, m. Ursula McFarlane, b. 1961. -Josiah Ackerman, b. 1994. -Leonardo Ackerman, b. 1997. -Doris Apirion, b. 1909, m. Reg Sutcliffe, b. 1896. -John Sutcliffe, b. 1939, m. Susan Colman b. 1942 (second cousin, dau. of George Colman, g. dau. of Rose Hodes). See children below. -Barbara Sutcliffe, b. 1942, m. Jean Marguin, b. 1939. -Moira Marguin, b. 1970 Paris, France, m. laurent le Bournis. -Ninon Le Bournis, b. 1998 Paris, France. -Magall Maquin, b. 1976 Paris, France. -Jean Rolan Marquin, b. 1986 Paris, France. -Clara Apirion, b. 1909, m. (1) Izzie Segal, m. (2) Alfred Meyer. -Alan Segal, b. Capetown, m. (1) Shirley ___, m(2) Caroline ___. First two children of first marriage and second two of second marriage: -Wendy Segal, b. 1963, m. Barry Parkinson. -Tessa Parkinson, b. 1991. -Alexandria Parkinson, b. 1994. -Caroline Segal, b. 1965. -James Segal, b. 1970. -Rubert Segal, b. 1972. -Sarah Hodes, b. 1887 Libau, d. Jo'berg, SA, m. Henry Kessel. -Bernard Kessel (1900-1912) Jo'berg. -Rose Hodes, b. 1888 Libau, d. Jo'berg, SA, m. Sam Colman, b. 1877. -George Colman, b. 1908 Jo'berg, SA, m. Gladys Cooper, b. 1915. -Andrew Colman. -Susan Colman, b. 1942, m. John Sutcliffe, b. 1939. (Second cousins; John son of Doris Apinion, g. son of Celia Hodes above.) -Adam Sutcliffe, b. 1969 London. -William Sutcliffe, b. 1971 London. -Phillip Colman, b. 1912, m. (1) Elsa Walter, b. 1921, m. (2) Constance Sue Gooday, b. 1922. Lists two children but does not say from which mother: -Shelly Colman, b. 1945 Queenstown, m. (1) Francis Radice, m. (2) John Savage. Two children of first marriage: -Daniella Radice, b. 1973 London, UK. -Orlando Radice, b. 1975 London, UK. -Marion Colman, b. 1947 Bloemfontein, m. (1) Andrew Hudson, (2) Barry de Beer. Two children of first marriage: -Simon Hudson, b. 1969. -Oliver Hudson, b. 1972. -Joseph Hodes, b. 22 Apr 1898 Jo'berg, d. 6 Nov 1990 Jo'berg, m. Fanny Reichenberg 26 Dec 1926 Jo'berg, b. 30 Aug 1905 Heidelberg, d. 30 Sep 1989 Jo'berg. -Hazel Hodes, b. 20 Aug 1928 Bloemfontein, SA, m. Arnold Swerdlow, b. 1926. -Martin Swerdlow, b. 1954 Jo'berg, SA, m. Fiona Simm, b. 1953. -Daniel Swerdlow, b. 1985. -Oliver Swerdlow, b. 1987. -Peter Swerdlow, b. 1955 Jo'berg, SA, m. Elly Myerson b. 1960. -Avner Swerdlow, b. 1987 Jo'berg, SA. -Michal Swerdlow, b. 1991 Jo'berg, SA. -Vivienne Swerdlow, b. 1960 Jo'berg, SA, m. Basil Shall, b. 1956 Klerksdorp, SA. -Emma Shall, b. 1987 London, UK. -Kate Shall, b. 1991. -Harold Hodes, b. 23 Jan 1932 Bloemfontein, SA, m. 15 Nov 1959 Harriet Anson, b. 18 May 1936 (Abrornawitsch) Berlin, Germany. -David Jack Hodes, b. 27 Sep 1960 Bloemfontein, SA, m. Charlotte Hooper, b. 1958, London, UK. -Esme Eva Hodes, b. 6 Apr 1996 Bristol, UK. -Celia Louise Hodes, b. 8 Apr 1999 Bristol, UK. -Jonathan Anson Hodes, b. 10 May 1963 Bloemfontein, SA. -Michael Richard Hodes, b. 9 Feb 1967, London, UK. -Clara Hodes, b. 27 Aug 1900 Jo'berg, d. 13 Sep 1987 Stellenbosch, SA, m. Herman Rosendorff, b. 4 Jul 1897 Edenburg, d. 3 Jul 1980 (Bloemfontein, SA). -Gerald Rosendorff, b. 8 Aug 1929, Bloemfontein, SA, m. Bernice Hazel Friedman, b. 15 May 1931, Cape Town, SA. -Stephen Ben Rosendorff, b. Stellenbosch 26 Jun 1958, m. Nicole Christine du Buison, b. 3 Sep 1967 Pretoria. -Joshua Michael Rosendorff, b. 14 Sep 1995 Jo'berg, SA. -Daniel Jonathan Rosendorff, b. 4 Jan 1997 Jo'berg, SA. -Martin Louis Rosendorff, b. Stellenbosch 29 May 1959, m. Patricia Elizabeth Latimer, b. 28 Oct 1950 London, England. -Samantha Rosendorff, b. 6 Nov 1990 Jo'berg, SA. -Graham Michael Rosendorff, b. 28 Jul 1962 Stellenbosch, SA, m.Susan Brenda Meltzer, b. 19 Apr 1964, Cape Town, SA. -Adam Chaim Rosendorff, b. 12 Aug 1995 Cape Town, SA. -Joseph Ben Rosendorff, b. 10 Sep 1998, Cape Town, SA. BIOGRAPHY: 1. Website of Peter Bruce Herzenberg of London, England (since relocated to South Africa). Website is no longer functioning as of 7 Aug 2007. Copies of his data from website in my possession. "A LETTER ABOUT MIRIAM HODES (Daughter of Rabbi Joseph Herzenberg), contributed by her Grandson Judge George Coleman, South Africa 1995; copied from the original by Peter Herzenberg. My grandmother, as I recall her, was a handsome soft-spoken old woman of great dignity. Even at the end of her life, her still unlined face, under white hair, showed that she must have been beautiful when young. Despite her gentle form of speech, her personality was a strong one: she was respected, as well as loved by her seven children, their spouses, and those of her grand children who knew her well. As the daughter of a rabbi in a large town, she had enjoyed a good education. She spoke, read and wrote Yiddish, German and English. Her English accent was a Northumberland one, acquired during her years in Sunderland. Miriam was fond of reading. She is the only person I know who had read and enjoyed every one of Scott Waverley's novels. She was also an interesting talker, liberal in her views and at times humorous in the way she expressed them. Though herself religious and a regular attendant at synagogue, she was tolerant of people who differed from her in such matters. An incident my wife Gladys used to tell of illustrates that tolerance, as well as Miriam's wit. Gladys was a cigarette smoker, but when she visited Miriam on a Saturday she refrained from smoking. On such an occasion Miriam asked Gladys why she was not smoking; Gladys replied that it was because she felt she should refrain while in Miriam's presence on the Sabbath. "My dear child," said Miriam, "if you're not afraid of God, you needn't be afraid of me." SOURCES_MISC: 1. Leonardo Herzenberg http://www.herzenberg.net/ | Herzenberg, Mariam or Marija Gana (I3983)
|
| 3262 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Important DNA information by email Nov 2014 from Professor Andrew M. Colman The two lines relate back as follows: Andrew's: "My father's mother, Rose Hodes, was the daughter of Miriam Gana Herzenberg (1859-1945). Miriam was the daughter of Jossel Elias Herzenberg (1815-1881), Rabbi of Liepaja (Libau). He was the son of Elias or Eliahu Herzenberg (abt 1774-1844), Rabbi of Piltene. He was the son of Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (abt 1750-abt 1815)...[*]" Irene's: Her grandmother was Elizabeth Herzenberg who was the daughter of Eduard/Elias Ocipovitch Herzenberg (abt 1838-1910). He was the son of Joseph Herzenberg (abt 1808-aft 1877). He was the son Lemchen Herzenberg (abt 1779-1840). He was the son of Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (abt 1750-abt 1815). The two lines merge with Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (abt 1750-abt 1815) who I shall call "Generation 1." Susan Sutcliffe is the 4gg-dau of Joseph of the 7th Generation. Irene is also the 4gg-dau of Joseph of the 7th Generation. [*Note: Andrew then extends the line two generations further than what I do by noting "and Joseph (abt 1750-abt 1815) was the son of Lemchen Herzenberg (born abt 1720), the son of the postulated Joseph or Jossel Herzenberg (born abt 1695)." I do not concur with this additional genealogy and believe it mistaken.] 2. Archival Research Paper about Herzenberg Family prepared for Kerry Petersen 28 Feb 2011 and is report no. Nr. 3-P-272, 2816, 1927 N, by Latvijas Valsts Vestures Arhivs (Latvian National Archives), Slokas iela 16, Riga, LV-1007. Complete transcript is in the notes of Edouard/Elias Ocipovitch Herzenberg and the following is but a partial transcript: "The recruits' enlistment registers of the Jewish families belonging to Pilten for 1842, 1848, 1854, 1871, the revision lists of the Jewish families belonging to Pilten, set up on August 15 of 1851, the merchant's lists of Goldingen for 1868, 1874, 1875 contain the following information about Herzenberg family (we would like to draw your attention to the fact that very often the age of person was determined by their outward appearance and was stated in some documents rather approximately): 1. Joseph Herzenberg, his sons: 1.1. Elias, son of Joseph Herzenberg, born in ca 1774 (aged 68 in 1842), died on May 22 of 1844. His wife Chiene, born in ca 1780 (aged 62 in 1842). They had children. 1.2. Chone, son of Joseph Herzenberg, born in ca 1792 (aged 50 in 1842). His wife Schore, born in ca 1792 (aged 50 in 1842). They had children. 1.3. Lemchen, son of Joseph Herzenberg, born in ca 1779/1780 (aged 54 in 1834), died 1840. His wife Schore (the age is not stated). Their sons…" 3. Transcription from Peter Bruce Herzenberg's website on the Herzenberg (Website no longer active as of 2007): "The Early Herzenbergs. Joseph I appears as a patronymic only in: (1) the 1811 census as the father of Lemchen (39) born 1772 and as father of Elias (40) born 1771. (2) the Latvian Archives Appendix 1 of 1842 as the father of Elias (68) b. 1774. (3) Appendix 2 confirms this date. From this we learn that Elias and Lemchen were brothers and very close in age. Lemchen from the above was born in 1772 From the Feigmanis report, we have the 1818 list of Piltene Jews made for taxation purposes. This is numbered 96-1-433a of the Latvian State Archives. Lemchen son of Joseph appears as being 17 years old, therefore born in 1801. This represents a huge discrepancy. Elias appears as 40 years old, thus born in 1778, another new date for Elias although fairly close to those above. Also mentioned is Chone son of Joseph (the Yiddish for Elchanan and the civil name Elkan) - he appears to have been born in 1884 [Kerry's note: assume this is typo for 1784.] The question [asked of Peter Herzenberg] is: were there two contemporary Josephs both of whom had sons named Elias and Lemchen, or is one of the dates for Lemchen patently wrong?" 4. Data from a copy captured of Peter Bruce Herzenberg's website of London, England, since relocated to South Africa (website is no longer functioning as of 7 Aug 2007). See more on his research and data in the notes of the earliest Herzenberg in this database. Sources for this individual are LA is Latvian Archives and YL for Len Yodaiken (Israeli researcher hired by Harold Hodes). In regards to this individual: LA shows birth abt 1750, d. abt 1815 in Piltene, Kurland. YL001 shows birth abt 1750. YL013 shows birth abt 1750. 5. Received 30 Apr 2009 a copy of the following from Irene Gottleib Slatter "The records of the archival fonds "Collection of Passports of Riga Prefecture," "Riga City House Registers," the birth records of the Jewish community in Mitau for 1854-1855, 1857-1858, 1862, 1864-1883,1886-1889, 1892, 1895, 1900, 1902-1904, the marriage records of the same community for 1854, 1856-1868, 1872-1873, 1875, 1884, 1886-1887, 1889-1891, 1893, 1895-1897, as available at our archives (the birth marriage and death records for other years have not survived), the birth marriage and death records of the Jewish communities in Riga for 1854-1905, the revision lists of the Jewish families belonging to Mitau for 1834, 1858, 1887, the recruits' enlistment register of the Jewish families belonging to Mitau for 1845, 1875, for Pilten for 1848 contain the following information: "..We suppose that Klara's father was Robert (Ruben), son of Joseph (Jossel) Herzenberg a merchant from Pilten, born in ca 1826 (aged 22 in 1848, see Appendix No. 4) and mother Emilie (Amalie), daughter of David Kahn, born in ca 1830, died in 1903. Robert Herzenberg lived in Mitau and had his firm 'Robert Herzenberg,' he died before 1887 (the death records of the Jewish community in Mitau, as available at our archives do not contain information on his death). Ruben had at least two brothers Laser and Jacob (unfortunately, females (daughters) were not registered in the recruits's enlistment registers of Pilten). His parents: father Joseph (Jossel), son of Lemchen Herzenberg was born in ca 1809 (aged 39 in 1848), mother Zippe (the age is not stated). His grandparents: Lemchen, son of Joseph Herzenberg, born ca 1780, died in 1840. He belonged to the Jewish community in Pilten at least since 1834, his wife Schore (the age is not stated)... REFERENCE: fond 5024, inventory 2, files 331, 351, 375, inventory 1, file 88. fond 2942, inventory 1, files 4109, 2130. fond 630, inventory 2, files 220, 221. fond 4349, inventory 2, file 6. fond 445, inventory 1, files 2035, 2038. fond 2996, inventory 9, file 520, inventory 12, field 14498, inventory 7, files 25343, 25280, inventory 2, files 41162, 41163, 41164, 41171, 41175, 41185, 41186, inventory 15, file 4449, fond 472, inventory 5, files 628, 826, 1574. Enclosure: genealogical table - 1 table, copies of the documents - 26 sheets. Director: N. Rizovs, Head of Department: I. Veinberga., Researcher: J. Polovceva." 6. Peter Herzenberg in his 1999 (updated 2010) compilation of Herzenbergs created a fourth individual (who he names as Osher/Asher Lemel) as a son to the original Joseph (b. ca. 1750); the other three sons of Joseph, all proven, are "Rabbi" Elias, Lemchen, and Chone/Elkan. Peter gave his primary source for Osher as "CP," which is purported to be a Pilten Cemetery gravestone photo showing Osher b. Joseph Herzenberg, b. abt. 1794, d. in 1844 (there was no such photo or other documentation in the material received by me from Peter in 2010). I corroborated this against the Pilten Cemetery all name list that Feignanis included in his 1997 report to Harold Hodes as well as all Oshers/Lemels/Lemchens, etc. of the "All Latvian Cemetery" lists on the Internet as of 5 Dec 2011 without finding any match. My Latvian Research report dated 28 Feb 2011, which included the early Pilten Herzenbergs, failed to mention any element of Osher's family. I also have since personally extracted every Herzenberg name from every Pilten register from 1796 to 1879 without finding even one reference to Osher or his supposed children (see below). Ron Lapid Before Peter proposed Osher as a son to Joseph, there appeared to have been some theorizing as to how Osher (if really even existed) would fit in. In a undated handwritten schematic and undocumented pedigree that Gail Herzenberg gave relatives in Israel (copy in my possession and perhaps somewhat based on early theorizing of family researcher Leo Herzenberg), Osher (with undocumented earlier dates of 1770-1820) was a brother to Joseph (b. ca. 1750) and linked to an imaginary father named Elihu-Elias (name based solely on the speculative thought that perhaps Joseph's oldest son Elihu-Elias was his grandfather's namesake). Gail then had another generation back with an imaginary name of Lemchen based solely on the name repeating itself often in later Herzenberg generations. Lastly there was a second branch of this oldest imagined Lemchen that led first to a son b. abt. 1740 named Joseph, then to a son Lemchen b. abt. 1771, and then finally to three sons. Peter corrected all this speculation by realizing that the new Joseph branch was actually just the original Joseph (b. abt. 1750 and still the earliest ancestor) and his sons - but it still left him the problem of Osher. In attempting to reconcile Osher into the family, Peter's apparent thought was that there were two sons in Joseph's family named similarly with one Lemchen dying early before the subsequent one Osher was born and perhaps named in his memory. This thought was inadvertently fueled by the 1997 Alexandrs Feignanis reseach report for Harold Hodes wherein he quotes from his review of Latvian State Historical Archives 96-1-4330a 1818 Pilten tax list showing a young Lemchen: "Elias Joseph Herzenberg, age 40; Chonne Joseph Herzenberg, age 24; Lemchen Joseph Herzenberg, age 17.) Having two sons with the same name was messy and did not work well because even internally in Peter's compilation the first Lemchen was having children from 1798 to 1809 even after the second Osher was supposedly born abt 1794. In my comprehensive Dec. 2011 Pilten extraction work, it has become very apparent that the first Lemchen survived with his children and did not die until 1840; there was no younger Lemchen b. abt 1801 on any of the many subsequent lists. I have not seen the copy of the 1818 tax list that Feignanis says he attached to his report, but the bigger picture shows he either mistook a probable 37 for 17 (I have found Feignanis to be sloppy in some of his reporting) or the original censor miswrote the age. The 1818 tax list is not online; however, the 1811 and 1834 Registers shows Lemchen age 33 and 54 respectively. I also reviewed Len Yodaiken's 2000 research report to see how he deals with the supposed Osher and his children. He really garbles this up badly by placing Osher (1772-1844) as the first of the two similarly named sons of Joseph (b. abt. 1750) and placing Lemchen (1801-?) second with only one son named Eleazer (?-1907). He then interchanges some children while randomly attaching unconnected branches. He does not document his work and more detailed modern research shows that his early generations are nothing more than rehashing work by others while forcing non-existent connections. One of the other large factors that perhaps prompted Peter to add Osher was the Pilten cemetery tombstone lists from which he assigns several children to this Osher. From my recent extraction of eighty years of Pilten revision lists, there is not even one reference to Osher or any of his children - the only basis for this supposed family group are the gravestone transcriptions. These can be found online or in the Aleksandrs Feigmanis report (3 pages) to Harold Hodes - the latter being Peter's source. Apparently Feigmanis made the original transcriptions in Spring 1998 (perhaps only from films since he sources films 7786, 7789, and 7790); they then become exactly the basis of what we see on the Internet as of 2011. The accuracy of the transcription is unknown considering what Feigmanis had to work with in regards to poorly maintained tombstones (as reported by Nina Kossman from her trip to this cemetery). The entries for this family from the Pilten cemetery transcripts are: -"Joseph b. Osher Herzenberg died 78 years old in 565" [Date missing one digit in transcription.] -"Eliahu b. Osher Herzenberg" -"Arye Leib b. Osher d. 5627" [1866/1867] -"Lea b. Osher d. 5630" [1869/1870] -"Dveire Arenson geb. Herzenberg d. 26.07.1864" [I believe geb. = nee] -"Gutel Rebecca b. Osher Mersonb (Gerzon?) d. 5652" [1891/1892] -"Yosel (Yete?) b. Osher died in age 45 years old in 5646" [1888/1886] After reviewing these seven children, I do not find they make a good argument for the existence of the questioned Osher. In analyzing these seven entries, we can quickly eliminate the four who do not contain the name Herzenberg. I find other Oshers in the same cemetery who could just as likely be their father. The entry for Dveire could link her as a daughter to any Herzenberg father; unfortunately, the Registers do a poor job listing daughters since their main purpose is for military and taxation - if I had to hazard a guess I would place her in the Pilten family of Levin Lemchen Herzenberg (1800-1867) since his wife was named Dwuare/Dbuare. (Dveire m. Uriah Ahronson, and they had a child named Bernard Ahronson. "Uria" is buried in same cemetery.) This leaves us with two sons Joseph and Eliahu; however, both of these are names from our proven Lemchen (or Osher if going by a nickname). The tombstone inscriptions do not give us much to work with, but we do know that Lemchen's son Joseph was b. abt. 1809, spent most of his life in Pilten, and moved late in life to Kuldiga where we have record of him as a merchant up to at least 1877. He nor his wife appear in the Kuldiga (Goldingen) cemetery (not many do since I believe this cemetery was heavily destroyed by the Nazis), so there is a good chance he could have been buried with family in Pilten, which is only 23 miles away from Kuldiga. Based upon the above analysis and the comprehensive Herzenberg extraction made 5 Dec 2011 from the online Latvian Archives, I suggest we drop Osher and his seven supposed children as a Herzenberg family. | Herzenberg, Joseph or Jossel (I3942)
|
| 3263 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set of 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. | Cherokee (I8128)
|
| 3264 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. 2. The following is outdated per the 2024 note above: The following genealogical summary of the family of James Adair was provided to me from Shawn Potter "James Adair was born probably in Ireland say about 1714. He immigrated to America before 1735. James married Eleanor of the Chickasaw Nation in about 1744. Eleanor was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1726. She was a member of the Panther clan. James died probably in Laurens County, South Carolina, after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died probably in Laurens County after 3 Jan 1803. James and Eleanor were the parents of the following children: 1. James Adair, Jr., was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1748. He married Hannah probably in Laurens County say about 1772. Hannah was born probably in Laurens County on 28 Sep 1750. James died in Laurens County on 18 Aug 1818. Hannah died in Laurens County on 10 Nov 1826. 2. Joseph Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1750. He married Sarah probably in Laurens County say about 1776. Joseph died perhaps in Laurens County after 5 Feb 1804. 3. John Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1754. He married first Ga-Ho-Ga of the Cherokee Nation probably in Laurens County say about 1780. Ga-Ho-Ga was born in the Cherokee Nation say about 1760. Ga-Ho-Ga died perhaps in Laurens County after 7 Feb 1789. John married second Jane Kilgore probably in Laurens County say about 1790. Jane was born probably in Laurens County say about 1773. John died in present-day Oconee County, South Carolina, after 4 Nov 1815 and before 4 Dec 1815. Jane died perhaps in present-day Oconee County after 4 Dec 1815. 4. Edward Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1756. He married first Margaret in Philadelphia on 7 Apr 1784. Edward married second Elizabeth Martin of the Cherokee Nation probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1789. Elizabeth was born probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1769. Edward died probably in present-day Oconee County after 3 Nov 1800. Elizabeth died probably in the Cherokee Nation after 13 Jul 1816. N.B. James and Eleanor had "children" in 1748; and a daughter lived in Georgia between 1788 and 1791." 3. Typescript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina." Compiled by Mildred Brownlee; Source Records: Wills; Intestate Estates; Deeds; Court Records; Cemetery Inscriptions. Some dates of birth and death obtained from Lineage Charts. Dates of birth and death subject tocorrection. Spelling of names subject to correction. [Note that bracketed comments, if any, are later additions by other reviewers including myself - Kerry Petersen.]: "Also in Anderson County was another Adair family. John Adair died there in 1815 leaving a widow, Jane, and 15 children. His actual birth date is not known but he was born before 1755. He was a merchant and large land-owner near Pendleton. His will states that he was due money from the Cherokees. Research shows that this John Adair was son of the Indian trader, James Adair, and a Cherokee woman. A number of John Adair's children migrated into the Cherokee country of north Georgia and later into Okla. John Adair had a brother, Edward, who also lived in Pendleton District before moving into north Ga. These Adairs established or aided in the establishment of New Echota, the national capital of the Eastern Cherokees in 1825." 4. "Encyclopedia of American Biography" has an entry on p. 425 for George Washington Adair who was b. in Morgan Co., GA 1 Mar 1823 who was extremely prominent in Atlanta. He married in 1854 Mary Jane Perry, and is the son of John F. Adair, a wheelwright, and Mary Slavin, of a Virginia family of French descent. Most importantly the bio says: "His ancestor, John Adair, came from Ireland to Laurens, SC in 1711." The connection to Laurens Co. makes this interesting, but it seems contrived since Laurens co. was not open to settling at such a very early date as 1711. Checking Mar 2002, Ancestry.com nor Ancestral File has any known trace back from this John. Currently, there is no apparent known direct connection of this John Adair to our American Adair immigrants. 5. From Jett Hanna [jettplane@aol.com]: "I'm pasting a couple of emails Shawn Potter and I traded on John Adair, who supposedly married Nancy Gahoga Lightfoot (Cherokee) and "Jean"/Jennie/Jane Kilgore. Newest emails are first; might make more sense starting at the bottom. Jett: "A few parting comments on this thread: To summarize, there are three John Adairs we know of who could be involved ... plus the John Adair who became governor of Kentucky, son of William, who was supposedly in the Waxhaws and left shortly after the Revolution: 1) John m. to Sarah, probably son of Joseph Sr. (Benjamin was named guardian of his children) who died in the Revolution; 2) John m. Jane/Jean/Jennie Kilgore, who we first have definitive knowledge of in Pendleton County, is the subject of a probate there in 1815; 3) John m. Jane/Jean Jones, son of Joseph Jr., who apparently moved to Georgia about 1801, d. 1813. Brownlee apparently found several land transactions for John m. to Jane/Jean, but one appears to be missing from her work. Both Jane/Jean's can be demonstrated to have been referred to by both names. One of the Johns had land bordering James Sr. m. to Eleanor, but that land also bordered John Jones who was may have been Jean Jones' father. Brownlee herself raised the possibility that the tract bordering James m. Eleanor was owned by their son John. "So ... was John Adair son and heir of James and Eleanor?" (bottom of page 14.) She said this in a discussion of the lands that clearly were owned by the deceased John Adair, son of Joseph Sr., as he had lands that bordered on James Sr. married to Hannah, too! Those lands are described in Deed book F, 49-50; Deed Book E, 405. On the age of Joseph Jr., I guess anything is possible, but it sure seems like a James was the father of both James Sr. and Joseph Sr., given the predominance of the name James among the kids. And we know that James, son of Joseph Sr. (corrected from original) was born in 1747, which coincides nicely with the marriage record for Joseph and Sarah in Delaware in 1746. The naming tradition was that the first born son was named after the grandfather, though that broke down by 1800 to a large degree. I'll see if I can place all this on the grant maps. Jett: Can't prove definitively ... but the potential for confusion is great. Joseph Jr. had a son John married to Jane said to be Jones, according to Brownlee at pg. 6. Deed No. 4 on your list below says "Jean," but as we have previously discussed such a variant of Jane was not unusual. There appears to have been a probate of Joseph Jr.'s son John's estate in 1813 in SC, though he died in GA. Of course, there is the other John Adair whose wife is shown to be Jean Adair in the Pendleton probate records, but if we believe this to be "Jane" Kilgore her name is not consistently rendered, either. It is possible, but I couldn't conclude, that the John married to Jean in your Deed No. 4 below is the John who moved to Pendleton. The timing is about right, as John first appears in the Pendleton records a couple of years after 1790. I've never seen reference to that Deed No. 4 before, though Brownlee, uncharacteristically leaving out cites, states on pg. 6, referring to Joseph Adair Jr.'s son, that "John Adair bought and sold a number of tracts while living in Laurens Co." While we don't have field notes, I'd say it is pretty certain that Deeds 1, 2 and 4 all refer to the same John Adair tract. The John Jones border reference in Deed 4 is what was conveyed from James and Eleanor to John Jones in Deed 2. Deed 1 (not really a deed, but a grant to James Adair) could refer to John Adair even though he does not appear to get a grant until 1786. It must be remembered that a lot of land did not have title confirmed until 1785 or after, even if the original occupant began possession much earlier. In 1785, the government decided to allow anyone with a survey to get a grant even if they had not fulfilled terms of previous warrants, or were just squatting. Lots of papers were lost during the Revolution, and lots of folks didn't venture own to Charles Town to observer formalities prior to 1785. In 1785, the counties were formed and real property records no longer had to be filed in Charles Town. Odds are pretty good that Deed No 5 also refers to the same John Adair tract. As for the witnesses on Deeds 3 and 5, good luck on showing who they were. I'll review the other emails as I can. In a message dated 1/12/2003 Shawn Potter shpxlcp@comcast.net writes: Hello, Can anyone prove whether the John Adair cited in the following records is a son of James and Eleanor Adair or of Joseph Adair, son of Joseph and Sarah (Lafferty) Adair? An examination of the chronology of these families might provide the answer. For example, if Joseph Adair was a son of both Joseph Adair and Sarah Lafferty, then he was born no earlier than about 1749 -- despite family charts to the contrary -- because Joseph Adair married Sarah Lafferty in September 1746 and James Adair, son of Joseph Adair and Sarah Lafferty was born July 30, 1747. This means that Joseph Adair, son of Joseph Adair and Sarah Lafferty, married no earlier than about 1770. This means that John Adair, whose estate was administered by his brother Elisha Adair in 1813, was born no earlier than about 1772. This means that John Adair, brother of Elisha Adair, was no older than about 14 -- and probably younger, since he and/or his father may have been born later than these earliest possible dates -- when the property in record 4 below was granted to John Adair, whose wife was Jane. This analysis could be strengthened, or refuted, by reliable evidence concerning the dates of birth of Joseph Adair, son of Joseph Adair, and of John Adair, brother of Elisha Adair. Also, we know that John Adair, son of Joseph Adair and Sarah Lafferty, died about 1782 and left a widow named Sarah. So, this John Adair cannot be the person mentioned in the records below. At the same time, we know that John Adair, who married first Nancy Gahoga Lightfoot, married second Jane Kilgore about 1790 [the latest exact birth date of a child of John Adair and Gahoga is February 7, 1789]. We also know that Jane Kilgore's father, Benjamin Kilgore, lived on Duncan Creek in 1789. So, without further information, doesn't it seem reasonable to conclude that the John Adair mentioned in the records below was a son of James and Eleanor Adair? Thanks for your thoughts, Shawn Potter 1. James Adair, Sr., 7 Jan. 1775: 200 acres in 96 District on Duncins Creek between Broad and Saludy Rivers. Bounded W on John Brotherson; N and W on John. Adair; NW on James Montgomery; NE on John McCrory; E on Saml. Young. Survey certified 3 June 1773; granted 11 Aug. 1774. Quitrent in 2 years. John Rodgers, DS. Delivered 14 Aug. 1775 to James Adair. [13-230:1] [Motes, Jesse Hogan III and Margaret Peckham Motes, "South Carolina Memorials: Abstracts of Land Titles: 1774-1776, (Greenville, SC: Southern Historical Press, Inc., 1996, pp. 209-210] 2. February 25, 1784. James Adair, Sr. and wife, Eleanor, sold to John Jones, blacksmith, 150 acres adjacent southwest on John Adair, northeast on James Montgomery, and southeast on John McCreary. Original survey certified June 3, 1773, granted 200 acres on August 11, 1774, and memorial entered in Auditor General's Office, Book M, No. 13, p. 230, on January 7, 1775. Signed: James (his ? mark) Adair, Eleanor (her ? mark) Adair. Witness: James Adair, saddler, James Adair, Jr., James Miller. [Laurens County Deed Book F, p. 10] [Is this abstract correct about James Adair, Sr. signing with a mark? He signed a full signature on the James Williams Petition. If he did sign this deed with a mark, did the mark look like this - as given by Brownlee? If so, aren't these unusual marks?] 3. 10 Dec. 1788, 7 Jan. 1790. William Price and wife, Margaret, of 96 Dist. sold to Robert Black, of same, for £25, 42 acres on branches of Duncan's Creek, waters of Enoree River. Adjacent to Isham East and John Hunter, being part of a tract of 150 acres originally granted to James Young on 31 Aug. 1774. Witnessed by: John Adair and James Brown. Brown made probate on 10 June 1789 before John Hunter, JP. [Laurens County Deed Book __, pp. 117-118] 4. 6 Mar. 1790, 14 Oct. 1790. John Adair and wife, Jean, to William Davis, all of Laurens Co., for £40, 100 acres on Duncan's Creek of Enoree River in Laurens Co., originally granted to said John Adair on 5 June 1786. Bounded by Joseph Adair, James Miller, Joseph Glenn, John Jones. Witnessed by: Ayres Gorely, Sally Jones. Gorely made probate 21 Sept. 1790 before John Hunter, JP. [Laurens County Deed Book __, pp. 277-278] 5. 9 Feb 1791, 17 Mar 1791. William Huddleston of Laurens County, blacksmith, to Patrick Bryan, in trust for the heirs of John Jones, deceased, 250 acres on branch of Duncan's Creek, being part of 476 acres granted to Huddleston, adjacent to John Adair, now in possession of Patrick Bryan in his wife's right of dower and administrator of estate and guardian to the heirs of John Jones, deceased. Signed by: William Huddleston, Jane (her x mark) Huddleston. Witnessed by: Robert Hanna, Thomas Ewing, John Adair. Ewing made probate 17 Mar 1791 before Joseph Downs. [Laurens County Deed Book __, pp. 335-336] PS: Does anyone know if there are family links between these Adairs and William Huddleston, Patrick Bryan, John Jones, William Price, or Margaret Price? Jett: You are right. So we have Jean, Jane and Jennie in various places-could be the same person, but not necessarily... Shawn: You say that "Benjamin Kilgore's children are listed in a will in Livingston Co, KY in 1802. No Jennie or similar name." Yet on the 16th line of his will - in this transcript, Benjamin writes: "... and I also give to my daughter Jane Adair the like sum of two dollars as her full share of my estate ..." Jane and Jennie are all the same name Jett: Jean Jones, not Jane Kilgore, was the wife of John son of Joseph Jr per Brownlee. Only references I find for the name of a wife of John who may have been the son of James the trader author is "Jennie Kilgore." The abstract I've seen of the Anderson will refers to John's wife "Jean." As noted earlier, Jean Faires is listed in one account as a wife of that John. Hence the confusion... I don't think we know that Jennie Kilgore was the daughter of Benjamin Kilgore, and lack of a mention in his 1802 will is a problem. I've seen one account claim that Jennie Kilgore was a Cherokee, though Starr indicates she was "a white woman." There was a Charles Kilgore in the 1790 census for Pendleton County, with a possible daughter. See I also noted a John Adair in York Co. in the 1790 census, with a wife. In a message dated 11/18/2002, Shawn Potter shpxlcp@comcast.net writes: In your note you say "Earlier in the text she [Brownlee] lays out the Laurens County evidence on John Adair and Jane Kilgore." Are you referring to Brownlee's account of John Adair, who was born about 1760 and died in Morgan County, GA, Feb. 1813. If so, either Brownlee has badly mangled the details about John and we need to correct what we know about him, or he cannot have been the person who married Jane Kilgore. First, John Adair who married Jane Kilgore died between November 4, 1815 - when he wrote his will, and December 4, 1815 - when his will was proven in Abbeville County, SC. And also, as I mentioned in my previous email, Brownlee says that the John Adair who died Feb. 1813 married Jane (possibly Jones) on June 14, 1783; but the John Adair who married Jane Kilgore about 1791/2 did so after his last child (John Adair, Jr.) was born to Nancy Gahoga Lightfoot in about 1791 and before his first child (James Adair) was born to Jane Kilgore about 1793. Regarding the birth date of Joseph Adair, Jr., this question has a profound impact on what we know about his children. Brownlee has Joseph's children being born from the late 1750s into the 1770s. If Joseph Adair, Jr.'s birth year was about 10 or more years after the one given on the chart referenced by Brownlee, then not only do certain dates of Joseph's children need adjusting - some (whose dates are known because of other contemporary records) weren't his children - he would have been too young to be their father. On the other hand, if Joseph Adair, Jr.'s birth year as given in the chart is correct, then we may not have a problem with connecting his children to him but we are presented with a new question - why was there a 10 year gap between the births of Joseph Adair's first and second Child? Normally, if a man's wife died leaving him with one or more Children, he needed to marry quickly to provide a mother for his orphaned child or Children. My statement about "positive evidence" was not an attempt to qualify the value or pursuasiveness of the evidence but to contrast that type of evidence with negative evidence. I suppose I was thinking about a geometric proof, where you can prove a statement either by providing positive evidence that the statement is true or by providing negative evidence that all other possibilities are not true. The positive evidence regarding the proposition that John Adair who married firstly Nancy Gahoga Lightfoot and secondly Jane Kilgore was a son of James and Eleanor Adair of Laurens County is as follows: 1. John Adair was connected to James and Eleanor Adair by time, location, and association a. John Adair was born during the general period when James and Eleanor Adair had their children (time) b. John Adair's home plantation was located about 50 miles southwest of James and Eleanor Adair (location) c. John Adair married secondly a neighbor of James and Eleanor Adair (association). The negative evidence regarding the proposition that John Adair who married firstly Nancy Gahoga Lightfoot and secondly Jane Kilgore was a son of James and Eleanor Adair of Laurens County - because there is no apparent link between him and anyone else - is as follows: 2. I have seen no connection between John Adair and other traditional contenders for James Adair the author and Indian trader (esp. James Adair who died in Bladen County in 1783). 3. Other Adairs that lived in the area and were old enough to have been the father of John Adair had sons named John who did not marry firstly Nancy Gahoga Lightfoot and secondly Jane Kilgore. a. Joseph Adair, Sr.'s son, John, was killed in 1782 leaving a widow named Sarah. b. William Adair's son, John, moved to Kentucky and became the governor of that state. c. Joseph Adair, Jr.'s son, John, died two years before John Adair who married Nancy Gahoga ... wrote his will. I'm not saying that the above thoughts are conclusive - because many questions remain, such as whether or not there were any other Adairs in the area who were old enough to have been John Adair's father, just that these circumstances suggest a conclusion that warrants further investigation. By the way, I received a copy of James Adair's book in the mail today. So, I will be reading through that tonight. If I see anything of interest, I will let you know. | Adair, John (I4610)
|
| 3265 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. 2. The following is somewhat outdated considering the 2024 note above: The following genealogical summary of the family of James Adair was provided to me from Shawn Potter "James Adair was born probably in Ireland say about 1714. He immigrated to America before 1735. James married Eleanor of the Chickasaw Nation in about 1744. Eleanor was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1726. She was a member of the Panther clan. James died probably in Laurens County, South Carolina, after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died probably in Laurens County after 3 Jan 1803. James and Eleanor were the parents of the following children: 1. James Adair, Jr., was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1748. He married Hannah probably in Laurens County say about 1772. Hannah was born probably in Laurens County on 28 Sep 1750. James died in Laurens County on 18 Aug 1818. Hannah died in Laurens County on 10 Nov 1826. 2. Joseph Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1750. He married Sarah probably in Laurens County say about 1776. Joseph died perhaps in Laurens County after 5 Feb 1804. 3. John Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1754. He married first Ga-Ho-Ga of the Cherokee Nation probably in Laurens County say about 1780. Ga-Ho-Ga was born in the Cherokee Nation say about 1760. Ga-Ho-Ga died perhaps in Laurens County after 7 Feb 1789. John married second Jane Kilgore probably in Laurens County say about 1790. Jane was born probably in Laurens County say about 1773. John died in present-day Oconee County, South Carolina, after 4 Nov 1815 and before 4 Dec 1815. Jane died perhaps in present-day Oconee County after 4 Dec 1815. 4. Edward Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1756. He married first Margaret in Philadelphia on 7 Apr 1784. Edward married second Elizabeth Martin of the Cherokee Nation probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1789. Elizabeth was born probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1769. Edward died probably in present-day Oconee County after 3 Nov 1800. Elizabeth died probably in the Cherokee Nation after 13 Jul 1816. N.B. James and Eleanor had "children" in 1748; and a daughter lived in Georgia between 1788 and 1791." 3. Typescript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina." Compiled by Mildred Brownlee; Source Records: Wills; Intestate Estates; Deeds; Court Records; Cemetery Inscriptions. Some dates of birth and death obtained from Lineage Charts. Dates of birth and death subject tocorrection. Spelling of names subject to correction. [Note that bracketed comments, if any, are later additions by other reviewers including myself - Kerry Petersen.]: "Also in Anderson County was another Adair family. John Adair died there in 1815 leaving a widow, Jane, and 15 children. His actual birth date is not known but he was born before 1755. He was a merchant and large land-owner near Pendleton. His will states that he was due money from the Cherokees. Research shows that this John Adair was son of the Indian trader, James Adair, and a Cherokee woman. A number of John Adair's children migrated into the Cherokee country of north Georgia and later into Okla. John Adair had a brother, Edward, who also lived in Pendleton District before moving into north GA. These Adairs established or aided in the establishment of New Echota, the national capital of the Eastern Cherokees in 1825." MARRIAGE: 1. From Shawn Potter 6 Sep 2015 -- I asked him the source of the maiden name Elizabeth Walker. He responded with the following: Source 1: "Annie Walker Burns, "Military and Genealogical Records of the Famous Indian Woman: Nancy Ward," (Washington, D.C.: Published by the Author, P.O. Box 6183, Apex Station, 1957), 1-40. Edward Adair married a maternal-line granddaughter of ᎾᏅᏰᎯ (A-Gi-Gau) Nancy Ward (c. 1722-1822), Beloved Woman of the Cherokee Nation. Nancy's mother was a sister of Attakullakulla (c.1708-1778), First Beloved Man - Principal Chief - of the Cherokee Nation from about 1761 to 1777. When Nancy's first husband, Kingfisher, was killed in battle at Taliwa in 1755, she picked up his weapon and fought in his place. The Cherokee named her Beloved Woman in recognition of her courage and devotion to her people. After her husband's death, Nancy married Irish deerskin trader Bryan Ward. Their daughter, ᎪᏌᎢᏍᎦ (Go-Sa-I-S-Ga) Betty Ward, married Irish deerskin trader Joseph Martin. Their daughter, Elizabeth Martin, married Edward Adair." Source 2: "Emmett Starr, "History of the Cherokee Indians," (Oklahoma City, OK: Warden Co., 1922), 419. Elizabeth previously married James Vann, William Sparingston, and John Shepherd. Shawn comments on these two sources as follows: "Starr is consider to be a reliable source, but not as complete as one would like sometimes. From memory, I don't think Starr lists Elizabeth's parents, for example. But it seems to be accepted among Cherokee historians that Elizabeth was descended from Nancy Ward. Burns lists Elizabeth's descent from Nancy Ward. Burns is not so well known, so I can't speak about her reliability for certain, but her information seems to make sense. In regards to her later surname of Scott, Shawn responds as follows: "Edward was administrator of Walter Scott's estate. So some have speculated that Elizabeth either was Walter's daughter or widow. After Edward's death, Elizabeth applied for the pension of her son James Adair, who was killed in the war of 1812. She called herself in that pension Elizabeth Scott. This is all very confusing. Since we know Edward was married to Margaret during the time frame when Walter Scott Adair, son of Elizabeth, was born, we suspect Edward didn't divorce Margaret and did not marry Elizabeth in a church wedding. If Elizabeth had yet another husband, Walter Scott, and she kept his surname, at least after Edward died, this all makes sense. But we are not sure about Elizabeth's other marriages before or after Edward. 2. Unsourced quote from the Internet: "The town of Adairsville, Georgia where Major Ridge first homesteaded, was named after John Adair who was married to the Cherokee woman Ga-ho-ga (aka Nancy Lightfoot) and also an Indian trader. He supposedly was born in 1753 to a James Adair who may have been born in 1709 in Ireland. One site, | Adair, Edward (I4609)
|
| 3266 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 2. I am unsure as to which James Adair the following James may be but it may be this James. Per "South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research," vol. 14, p. 18, "Laurens District Estate Divisions 1825-1834": "John Prayther decd real Estate. Joseph Dollar & Hannah his wife $82.50, vs William Dollar & Lyny his wife, $87.03, James Prayther, Archibald Prayther, Martha Prayther, Bryce Prayther, Nelly Prather, James Adair guardian, $261.11." | Adair, James Newton (I3784)
|
| 3267 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. | Adair, Elizabeth (I3783)
|
| 3268 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 2. From the book "Annals of Northwest Alabama" including a reprint of Nelson F. Smith's "History of Pickens County, Ala.," pp. 18-19, mentions the following names in conjunction with the earliest settlers as listed in the Circuit Court dockets. He also notes that the earliest settler in the area was 1817. Lewis, Theopholus, and Daniel Clark. Thomas and William Adair. | Adair, William (I3782)
|
| 3269 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. | Adair, Allen (I3781)
|
| 3270 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 2. "The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research," vol. 4, pp. 103-106, contains the 1829 Census of Laurens District. It notes: "This is one of three state census records extant before 1850, the other two being Fairfield (1829) and Kershaw (1839) Districts." It was a census of all the free white inhabitants. Included in the census are the following Adairs and Browns, most of which I am not familiar since the Adairs and Browns I follow in my database generally left the District in the first decade of the 1800s. The number stands for the number in the family. Pg. 1: Adair, Robert, 2 Adair, James, 9 Adair, Benjamin, 9 Adair, Robert, 9 Adair, John, 5 Adair, Thomas, 7 Pg 3: Brown, Joseph, 11 Brown, Samuel Revd., 6 Brown, Anderson, 3 Brown, Harlin, 8 Brown, Omy, 2 Brown, Susan, 1 Pg. 4: Brown, Bexy, 7 Brown, Samuel, 4 Brown, Benjamin, 7 Brown, James, 5 3. Http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.adair/1433.1.1/mb.ashx various quotes circa 2003-4: A. "Ann McClure (who had the child by Alexander Adair), Elizabeth McClure (wife of Benjamin Wilson and mother of Margaret Wilson, who married John Adair, son of James Adair), and James McClure (father of Mary A. Bell, who married Stephen Braddock, son of Ann McClure and Alexander Adair) were siblings." B. "The following web page on McClure, Braddock, Wilson, Adair mentions the above Alexander came directly from Ireland to Laurens Co. (1767)." [Kerry's note: I am aware of Alexander from other notes in Laurens Co., SC, but it is interesting to see him in a relationship with the same family as our John Adair.] C. "Kentucky: A History of the State," Battle, Perrin, Kniffin 1st ed., 1885. Reprinted 1972 by Kentucky Reprint Co., Murray, KY. [My note: The first part of this biography is confusing. The James Adair who was part of Marion's band was not of Laurens Co. nor was John's father James old enough to have served in the War of Independence, yet we are certain that this John is correctly placed due to the correlation of his birth date as compared with his tombstone and the LDS Temple records as reported by his cousins. John's father James may have had a previous wife before Rebecca if this account of John's mother's death is correct.] "Graves Co. "The Adair Family. The Adairs are among the oldest families of Graves County. They came originally from Ireland, and settled in one of the Atlantic States a number of years before the war of the Revolution. The family originally settled in South Carolina, where James Adair, grandfather of Turner Adair, distinguished himself in the war of Independence as a member of the celebrated Marion's band. Late in life he settled in Alabama, where he died about the year 1839 or 1840. His son, John Adair, was left an orphan, when but three weeks old, by the death of his mother. He made his home with the families of his aunt and grandfather, and at an early age was apprenticed to the blacksmith trade, which he followed all his life. He was married in 1820 to Margaret Wilson, by whom he had thirteen children, whose names are as follows: James McConathy, Elizabeth, Jane, Turner, Martha C., Sarah A., James H., S.B., John P., Joseph B., Margaret P., Mary P. and Virginia P. In the year 1830 Mr. Adair came to Graves County, Ky., and settled in Lynnville Precinct on the place where his widow now resides. He died June 4, 1878. Turner Adair, third child of John Adair, and eldest member of the family now living, was born in 1825 in Lawrence [sic] District, S.C. He remained with his parents until twenty-two years of age, when he engaged in farming for himself, which occupation he continued until 1849, when he joined a company of young men as daring as himself, and made an overland trip to California for the purpose of engaging in mining. He participated in all the active scenes of that exciting period, and was fairly successful in his quest of fortune. He returned home in 1858, and at once resumed farming, which he still follows. Mr Adair has never married and at the present time lives with his mother on the old homestead." D. "Elizabeth McClure Wilson [mother of Margaret (Wilson) Adair] is also buried in Graves Co, KY ... John and Margaret Adair are in Beech Grove Cemetery, perhaps Elizabeth is also..." BIRTH: 1. On 27 Nov 1877, John Wesley Adair and Rebecca Frances Adair Stayner, son and daughter of Thomas Adair and Rebecca Brown, went to the St. George, Utah, LDS Temple to perform vicarious baptisms in behalf of their dead relatives. An exact date of birth was given for John but no birth location. To have this temple ordinance done, the individuals had to have been deceased -- apparently John Wesley Adair was not aware that his second cousin, John Adair, was still alive and did not die until 4 Jun 1878. The following is the data found listed by individual, date of temple work, proxy, FHL film-page-ordinance number, birthdate, and relationship of proxy to individual: "Adair, John; 11/27/1877; Adair, John Wesley; 170845-18-299; b. 13 Nov 1796; Second Cousin." 2. Find-a-grave Memorial# 26897617 http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=adair&GSiman=1&GScid=1993974&GRid=26897617& accessed 19 Dec 2013. Memorial notes: "John Adair; b. Nov. 16, 1796, Laurens County, South Carolina; d. Jun. 4, 1878, Farmington, Graves County, Kentucky. Actual tombstone reads: John Adair, John Adair, Died June 4, 1878 aged 81ys. 6ms. 22ds." [Note: the age at death calculates to 12 Nov 1796, which is within one day of the reported LDS Temple date per separate comment elsewhere in these notes.] BURIAL: 1. Find-a-grave Memorial# 26897617 http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=adair&GSiman=1&GScid=1993974&GRid=26897617& accessed 19 Dec 2013. Memorial notes: "John Adair; b. Nov. 16, 1796, Laurens County, South Carolina; d. Jun. 4, 1878, Farmington, Graves County, Kentucky. Actual tombstone reads: John Adair, John Adair, Died June 4, 1878 aged 81ys. 6ms. 22ds." [Note: the age at death calculates to 12 Nov 1796, which is within one day of the reported LDS Temple date per separate comment elsewhere in these notes.] | Adair, John (I3780)
|
| 3271 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. | Adair (I3779)
|
| 3272 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 2. The following note is now outdated in some aspects in terms of the 2024 note above: The following genealogical summary of the family of James Adair was provided to me from Shawn Potter "James Adair was born probably in Ireland say about 1714. He immigrated to America before 1735. James married Eleanor of the Chickasaw Nation in about 1744. Eleanor was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1726. She was a member of the Panther clan. James died probably in Laurens County, South Carolina, after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died probably in Laurens County after 3 Jan 1803. James and Eleanor were the parents of the following children: 1. James Adair, Jr., was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1748. He married Hannah probably in Laurens County say about 1772. Hannah was born probably in Laurens County on 28 Sep 1750. James died in Laurens County on 18 Aug 1818. Hannah died in Laurens County on 10 Nov 1826. 2. Joseph Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1750. He married Sarah probably in Laurens County say about 1776. Joseph died perhaps in Laurens County after 5 Feb 1804. 3. John Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1754. He married first Ga-Ho-Ga of the Cherokee Nation probably in Laurens County say about 1780. Ga-Ho-Ga was born in the Cherokee Nation say about 1760. Ga-Ho-Ga died perhaps in Laurens County after 7 Feb 1789. John married second Jane Kilgore probably in Laurens County say about 1790. Jane was born probably in Laurens County say about 1773. John died in present-day Oconee County, South Carolina, after 4 Nov 1815 and before 4 Dec 1815. Jane died perhaps in present-day Oconee County after 4 Dec 1815. 4. Edward Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1756. He married first Margaret in Philadelphia on 7 Apr 1784. Edward married second Elizabeth Martin of the Cherokee Nation probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1789. Elizabeth was born probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1769. Edward died probably in present-day Oconee County after 3 Nov 1800. Elizabeth died probably in the Cherokee Nation after 13 Jul 1816. N.B. James and Eleanor had "children" in 1748; and a daughter lived in Georgia between 1788 and 1791." 3. Censuses: 1810 US: Laurens Co., South Carolina, five Adairs are found in a total of 72 pages as follows; page numbers represent which page in 72 the entry is found. All age numbers are single digit except one (13). I am not sure which 1810 Adairs these fit exactly: P. 25, Wm. Adir, 001103010002 P. 58, Elisha Adear or Adiar, 32011101100 (13) P. 58, Benja. Adir, 021011020102 P. 59, Jas Adir, 100102001000 P. 60, Jas Adir, 200102001000 4. FHL film 446460, Patron Research Dept. for Marie G. Sheranian, has the following three entries from "Land Grants recorded at Clerk's Office, Laurens, S.C., assigned to an unspecified James Adair who seems to fit this James because of its involvement with Allison Creek and also with the Price family (see also Brownlee notes below): "Apr 12, 1788 - James Adair from Thos. Allison, 100 A, Bk. B. p. 329 on Allison Creek. Apr 21, 1788 - James Adair, 110 A., Bk. B., p. 328 on Allison Creek. July 4, 1797 - James Adair from Price and Margaret Williams, 50 A on Allison Creek, Bk. D, p. 207." The following two grants are from the same typescript and may apply to this James Adair or the other James Adair who was the "Sadler" and son of Joseph Adair, Sr. [I haven't yet seen the transaction for any other names or witnesses.]: "Oct 13, 1795, James Adair from John and Sarah... 10 [100?] A on Duncan's Creek, Bk. F., p. 49. Oct 12, 1795, James Adair 100 A on Duncan's Creek, Bk F, p. 50." 5. Jett Hanna [jettplane@aol.com] provided me on 8 Jul 2005 with a copy of his analysis of the Brownlee manuscript as follows. It mirrors my own understanding; however, anything with which I disagree I note in [brackets]. Jett entitles his paper as "Laurens County Area Adair Family Trees." It is broken down by three families: James Adair who married Eleanor, his brother Joseph who married Sarah Laferty, and a William of whom absolutely nothing is known except just his name on the Williams Petition and that Brownlee notes he died 1780-84 and that his estate was administered 1784 per Abbe Wills, p. 10. Text quoted as follows: "This tree is based on Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina, by Mildred Brownlee. This was provided to me by W. Lee Adair, who obtained it from the Laurens County Public Library. Handwritten notes show a date of 1990 on Brownlee's manuscript. I have not examined these deeds personally. In some cases, notes and questions below are my own additions. This analysis seems to discredit some of the trees in the Adair History and Genealogy, and adds significantly to what is know of the Laurens area Adairs. I have not fully finished analyzing this work, and may have left out parts that are not as critical to my work. "Based on this work, it appears very possible that the elder Joseph Adair (m. Sarah, m. Susannah) and his brother James (m. Eleanor) settled in Laurens County at the same time, as suggested by the Adair History and Genealogy. I do not believe, however, that this James was the author of the book on the Indians and reputed patriarch of the Cherokee Adairs. This James was a cooper (barrel maker) according to the deeds. Modern editions of the History of the American Indians suggest that the author James Adair was a direct immigrant to South Carolina, but with no concrete evidence. "The Williams Petition: In the tree, LCW is Laurens County Wills; LCD is Laurens County Deeds. Also mentioned is the Williams petition. This petition is a significant document in analyzing the Laurens County Adairs. Published in the South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. XV, No. 1 1987, p. 32-33, the original is #5767, Manuscript Department, Wm. Perkins Library at Duke University. The petition is in support of Colonel James Williams, a militia leader of the Patriots in the Laurens area (Little River Regiment). The petition, signed by members of the Little River Regiment, is directed to the Governor of South Carolina and the Privy Counsel, and attests to Williams' devotion to the Patriot cause. Williams led militia in a number of battles. I suspect that this petition was provided prior to Williams' elevation to the rank of Brigadier General following the Battle of Musgrove Mill, which was fought in what is now Laurens County. Williams had been accused of puffing his role in the battle. Williams went on to die at Kings Mountain - one of the few Patriot casualties that day on October 7, 1780. Williams had run for the South Carolina legislature as a Patriot in 1778, only to lose to Robert Cunningham, the infamous Loyalist leader. For more on Williams, see Draper, "Kings Mountain and Its Heroes," (Cincinnati, 1883). Signers of the Williams petition include the following Adairs: Isaac Adair, Jms. Adair, James Adair, Sr., Joseph Adair, Jr., Joseph Adair, Benjamin Adair, Joseph Adair, Sr., James Adair, Jr, son of James, William Adair, John Adair, and John Adair, Sr., and Alexander Adair. Comparing deed and will records to the names, Brownlee identifies the Adair signers [copies Brownlee's explanations]. Brownlee's identifications look very logical to me. "The Laurens County Adair Tree: 1. James Adair m. Eleanor: 150a land grant to James Adair-same date as Joseph 250a. Both referred to in records as coopers (barrel makers). James, cooper in LCD F/8,9,10, A/185. Eleanor released right of dower on deed dated 2/12/1796; date of transfer by James was 2/24/1784. Which deeds correspond with which dates? See Joseph below. Eleanor was also witness on deed from William Price and wife, Margaret to James Adair, son of James, 2/6/1792. 1.1 Joseph Adair m. Sarah Dillard [Surname Dillard is a Jett addition and I don't believe proven even though many LDS lines use this as well without documentation.]: Joseph Adair, Jr. to Wm. Holland, 120 ac. Release of dower by Sarah, wife of Joseph Jr., and Eleanor, widow of James Adair, dec'd, LCD F/109. Suggests land owned by James m. to Eleanor, but how does it correspond to land grants? If land belonged to Joseph junior by intestacy laws, why wasn't James m. to Hannah on deed, too? LCD G/570 has dower release for Sarah Adair, wife of Joseph. 1.1.1 Thomas Adair m. Rebecca Brown: LCD H/22, Joseph Adair of Duncan Creek to eldest son Thomas Adair. Witness Jane Adair. Dower releases for Rebecca in LCD H/129, H/209, and land purchased H/228. 1.1.2 ?Hannah m. John Jones: see F/8,9,10. 8 & 9: 8/1/1795. 10: 2/25/1784. F/10 is deed from James Sr. and wife Eleanor to John Jones, has witnesses James Adair, saddler, and James Adair, Jr. [Without giving a reason, Jett places Hannah as a possible daughter of Joseph, son of James; however, Brownlee indicates she believes her to be a daughter of the original James and Eleanor which would make her a sister to Joseph son of James. Perhaps a typo on Jett's part.] 1.2 James Adair m. Hannah: Corresponds to James son of James in the Williams petition per Brownlee. James m. Rebecca had a son James, but probably not old enough to sign petition as James m. Rebecca born 1747 per Indiana tombstone. Petition 1780 would mean James m. Rebecca was 33 in 1780; doubtful his son James could be of fighting age. Compare to Adair compilation. LCD M/77-78 reports death of James Adair, Sr., widow Hannah. Hannah Adair's will LCW F/65, proven 1826. James 115(2) 1790 Census. 2 daughters not accounted for. James Jr. was under 16 according to this census. 1.2.1 Elizabeth m. James? Parlmore (Palmer): LCD M/77-78. 1.2.2 Mary m. John Prather: LCD M/77-78. 1.2.2.1 Susannah Prather (Prater?): Witness on will of Hannah LCW F/65. 1.2.2.2 Hannah Prather m. Joseph Dollar 1.2.2.3 Linny m. William Prather 1.2.2.4 Archibald m, Susannah Meadors 1.2.2.5 Martha Prather 1.2.2.6 Betsy/Priscilla Prather m. Daniel Owens 1.2.2.7 James Prather 1.2.2.8 Mary (Molly) Prather 1.2.2.9 Bryce Prather 1.2.2.10 Elinor Prather 1.2.3 Nelly (Eleanor) m. Ramage: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.3.1 Benjamin Ramage 1.2.3.2 John Jewell Ramage 1.2.3.3 Washington Ramage 1.2.4 James Adair Jr.: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.5 Hannah m. Rueben Meadors: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.6 Susannah m. William Cassels (Castles): LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.7 Nancy m. Willis Langston: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.8 Martha m. Wm. Gamble: LCD M/77-78. 1.2.8.1 Patsey Gamble: LCW F/65." 6. The book "Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution," by Bobby Gilmer Moss, lists the following James Adairs, the first of whom is for probably this individual. I am not sure if all of the information is correct or not considering the note he lived in York District. I am not sure how the other James Adairs I list fit in or not. There were other James Adairs in South Carolina at the time and it was a common name among Adairs. Some information may be from more modern and perhaps undocumented family histories. I do not have the abbreviation list as to the sources the author gives: "James Adare, Sr., S9264, b. 8/15 May 1752, Bucks Co., Pennsylvania, d. 18 Aug 1818, m. Hannah ___. He entered the service during 1776, while residing in York District, and served under Capt. Frank Ross and Col. Neel. In the same year, he joined a unit under Capt. John McCool and Col. Hopkins. In 1777, he was under McCool and Hopkins and was wounded at Horseshoe Battle on War Woman Creek. He was discharged as a result. Later, he appears in Picken's brigade as one who recovered horses lost at Briar Creek. During 1782, he was under Capt. James Dillard, Col. Casey and Gen. Pickens. He supplied food for distressed widows and families for Casey's unit and was a wagon master for Col. James Williams from 29 March to 20 May 1780. A.A. 21; Patriot Index." Other James Adairs: "James Adare. He served 120 days in the militia under Gen. Marion during 1780 and 1781. At one time, he was under Lt. Col. Hugh Horry. Kinsfolk, 1269,; A.A. 21; S350; Y1522." "James Adair, Jr., b. c. 1755, d. July 1835, m. Anna ___. He served in the militia. Patriot Index." 7. From the Internet: "Stub Indents are another important resource. When South Carolina paid claims for goods, services, or damages from the Revolutionary War, they were paid with certificates called indents. Rather like stub checkbooks, the certificates were in two parts: one part was issued to the claimant as compensation; the other part was a stub on which pertinent information, such as the claimant's name, the nature of the claim, and the amount paid was recorded. The state retained the stub of the indents, and they are found at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History in Office of the Commissioners of the Treasury, Stub Indents and Indexes, 1779-1791, 22 vols." The following indents are for various Adairs and are from "Accounts Audited of Revolutionary Claims Against South Carolina," ed. by A.S. Salley, The Historical Commission of South Carolina, 1935, copy at FHL: a. Vol. 1, #20: No. 347 S; Alexander Adair; addressed to Charleston from Laurens Co. 3 Aug 1786. Alexander gives Robert Scott the power to receive the indent; subscribing witness was James Montgomery; rec'd. 14 Jun 1785. Based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown"; mentions Col. Anderson's return. b. Vol. 1, #21: No. 348 S; Benjamin Adair; dated 24 Mar 1785; subscribing witness was John Magee, received 14 Jun 1785; based on "a horse lost in public service in 1779"; no locality shown for Benjamin; mentions Col. Robert Anderson's return. c. Vol. 1, #22: No. 346 S; Isaac Adair; addressed 5 May 1785 from "Ninety Six District"; empowered Capt. James Dillard to receive payment; subscribing witness was James Montgomery; rec'd 14 Jun 1785; based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown"; mentions Col. Anderson's return. d. Vol. 1, #23: No. 350 S; James Adair; addressed 18 Sep 1785 from "Ninety Six District, Laurens Co."; empowered John Hunter, Esq. to receive payment; subscribing witness was James Montgomery; rec'd 14 Jun 1785; based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown" and as wagon master for Col. Ja's Williams from 29th Mar 1780 to 20 May for 52 day; mentions Col. Rob't Anderson's return. e. Vol. 1, #24: No. 340 W; James Adair, Junr; addressed 7 Sep 1783; received 8 Aug 1785; for "flour supplied the militia in 1783 also for recovery of Horses lost in 1779"; also mentions "flour for the use of the widows and distressed families in Col. Casey's Reg't"; also mentions "horses lost at Augusty [Augusta] under the Command of General Williamson 11 of may 1779"; subscribing witness was Robert Hanna. f. Vol. 1, #25: No. 1522 Y; James Adare, addressed 27 Jun 1787; based on "120 days Militia duty in Gen'l: Marion's Brigade in 1781, also for a Gun impressed; mentions Lt. Col. Hugh Horry. g. Vol. 1, #26: No. 349 S; John Adair; addressed 15 Sep 1785 from "96 District"; empowered John Hunter to receive payment; subscribing witness was James "Adear"; rec'd 14 Jun 1785; based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown"; mentions Col. Anderson's return. h. Vol. 1, #27: 1955 X; Joseph Adair; addressed 20 May 1785; empowered John Hunter to receive payment; subscribing witnesses included Robert Anderson, J.P., Col. Levi Casey, and Charles Saxon; based on "Joseph Addairs Commissary Commencing 20th of August 1781 and ending the 1sd of March 1782" including sundries, flour, Indian corn, fodder, "Rations and Necessarys for 2 Wounded Men belonging To Gen'l Greens Army 49 days," "1 Gun & Accoutements lost at Savannah," "Corn & Fodder for Col. Jones of Georgia," "Rations for 9 Horses of Capd. Mac bee Comp'y," "Oats for Col. Washington's Men," work with wagon and team. i. Vol. 1, #28: No. 106 I; William Adair; addressed 27 Jul 1783; several different men received endorsements in 1786 and 1787 including John Adair, Philip Hart, and John Lewis Gervais; based on service as adjutant for Col. Lacey's Regt. for 60 days June 18, 1780, and 30 days Feb. 12, 1781; subscribing witness was Joseph Palmer, J.P. Note also that John Adair shows up empowered to collect in behalf of William Kay and John Edward Auston. He also shows up as "John Adair, J.P." the subscribing witness of Ambros Ball. 8. On file with me are early plats drawings of Duncan Creek prepared by Lee Adair. The James Adair, Jr. noted below is this individual. From Lee Adair 13 Sep 2005 [wadair1@tampabay.rr.com]: "I have platted most of the available deed surveys up to 1846 for the Duncan Creek area of Laurens County using the software Deedmapper. The problems with such deed platting are: 1) surveyors weren't always accurate; 2) the terrain was not perfectly flat. In acquiring all the plats, I also had to acquire all the deed records and land transactions and I now have the Laurens County deed books up to Book O (about 1846). These two sources allowed me to place surveys in about the correct positions on the map. I am aided in this by the several rivers and creeks that run through the county and which are platted on the surveys. If there are any specific plats that you need, I can make copies of them and send them to you. One file (Duncan3.jpg) is included to provide a bearing. In the lower left is what looks like the streets of a city. This is Clinton. The interstate running diagonally across this image is I-26. The Duncan Creek Cemetery is located where the D in the text for Duncan Creek Cemetery is. One of the properties of Joseph Adair (wife Sarah) is in bright blue just to the right and adjoining that of James Adair (bright yellow). It was a SC land grant that he received in 1786. He sold that with the adjoining property of Samuel Ewing that he had purchased to William Holland in 1796. Whether he and Sarah actually lived there is an open question. The bright blue large tract owned by Joseph Adair is that of Joseph Adair Sr. wife Sarah Laferty. There may be additional properties of Joseph Adair and Sarah, but I have not placed them yet. There are a number of Joseph Adair properties in which I don't have a reliable spouse name. As always there is more work to be done." From Lee Adair 16 Oct 2005 with more on the specific James Adair plat just above Joseph Adair, the cooper, who gave part of his land to Joseph his son who married Sarah ___: "The property description for the James Adair plat that I sent is as follows: SC Memorial Book 13, p. 230. 2 Jan 1775. James Adair, Sr., a Memorial on 200 acres in 96 Distr. on Duncins (sic) Creek between Broad and Saludy Rivers, bounded W on John Brotherton; NW on James Montgomery, NW on John McCrary; NW on John Adair; SE on Saml. Ewing. Survey certified 3 Jun 1773; granted 11 Aug 1774. Quit rent in 2 years. John Rodgers, DS. Delivered 14 Aug 1775 to James Adair. 150 acres of this property was later sold to John Jones (wife Hannah) in 1784. The date alone suggests that this is most likely James Adair, wife Eleanor, and this is confirmed by the following two deed book entries: Laurens Co. Deed Book F, p. 10. 24 Feb 1784. James Adair Senior and wife Eleanor to John Jones blacksmith 150 acres.) Witnesses: James Adair sadler, James Adair Jr., James Miller, Roger Brown. We know that this is part of the 200 acre James Adair grant because of the following: Laurens Co. Deed Book F, p. 8. 1 Aug 1795. Hannah Jones (widow of John Jones) & son William Jones to John Craig, 50 acres on Duncan Creek, part of 200 acre grant to James Adair Sr. 11 Aug 1774 (150 acres conveyed in by sd J.A and Eleanor in 1784 to John Jones). Bordering properties: John Montgomery, Alexander Fillson, John Owens. I have attached a zoomed out version of the Duncan Creek plat area." 9. James Adair could be either the son of the original Joseph Adair the cooper or the son of the original James Adair the cooper. Laurens County Estate Book A-1: P. 7: "Will of Hanse Miller being sick and weak of body… 14 April 1788. Wit: Joseph Adair, Thomas Ewings, James Adair." Pp. 155-156: "An Inventory of the Goods and Chattles of William Price Decd. Total ₤ 101 11 8 certifyed 5 Nov 1796 by Joseph Adair, Thomas Gammel, Patrick O Briant. Memorandom of the goods and Chatles of Wm. Price decd sold at public Sale on 15 Nov 1796. Purchasers: Margret Price, Ruth Price, Sarah Price, Mary Cunningham, John Adair, William McCoy, William Barksdale, James Adair, Joseph Adair." Pp. 156-157: "A list of the Debts due the Estate of Matthew McCrery decd & now in the hands of Smauel Dellard, Admr. Samuel Dillard, Samuel Simpson, Benjamin Adair, John A. Elmore, James Dillard, Joseph Adair, Jesse Dodd, George Bush, Joseph Jeanes, Robert Scott, John Majors, James Ducket, Alie Whitmore, Thomas Elett, John Odle, George Bush, Nicholas Welch, John A. Elmore, Mary Baty, Daniel McCarty, Recd of Joseph Martindale, Paid Doctr Ross, John Boyce, Paid by order of Court for keeping the children for the year 1795. To 5 months duting and boarding one Boy child 10 years old. The same sum to be allowed for keeping one other boy child about 8 years old. 9 May 1796, before Joseph Downs, J.P." P. 315: "Sale bill of William Price, decd. Publick saile 15 November 1796. Buyers: Margaret Price, Mary Price, Ruth Price, Sarah Price, Mary Cunningham, James Adair, Wm. McCary, Wm. Barksdil, James Hudleston. A true copy form the original vandue list certified by James Cunningham." 10. If this James is still alive at this date, the following James Adair Senr. could be this individual; alternatively, it could be the eldest of the two James of the second generation Laurens County Adairs – James (b. 1747) the son of the Joseph the cooper vs. James (b. 1752) the son of James the cooper. Laurens County Estate Book A-1, pp. 98-100: "An account of the sale of the Estate of Joseph Greer decd., 15 of August 1794; purchasers: Andrew McCrary, Joseph Greer, Joseph Adair, John Hansel, Saml McComuthey, Thos McCrary, Joseph Greer, Wm Hunter, John Login, John Elmore, Minasa Willson, Benj. Adair, Newton Higgins, John Grary, Robert Scott, John Owens, James Rammage, Hugh Skelton, Saml Bishop, James Dillard, John Rammage, James Dillard, Robert Grier, Bazzel Brater (cooper tooles), James Adair Senr., John Watson, Simon Tedford, Jonas Greer, J.A. Elmore, George Ross, Ben Adair, Joseph Parkes, Wm Price, Wm Gray, Robert Greer. Total ₤ 56 13 9." 11. "South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research," vol. 15, pp. 164-168, "Some Jury Lists from Ninety Six District" lists a James Adair from the Laurens County subdivision of the District for 18 Apr 1798. There are several James Adairs at this time in the county and this individual may or may not be this person. 12. "South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research," "Laurens District Coroner's Inquisitions 1802-1865," show James Adair, senior, as a juror. Being that the term "senior" was generally used for the oldest "James Adair" of the locality regardless of relationship, this James Adair of this database appears to be the most likely canditate of James still in the area: Vol. 25, pp. 22-23: "Inquest on the Body of John Rea. Filed 2nd Jany 1809. Laurens District - An Inquisition Indented taken at John Luks in the district aforesaid the twenty first day of november in the year 1808, before me Robert Long Esquire one of the Justices assigned to keep the peace in and for the said district (the Coroner being absent) upon the view of the body of John Rea of the district of Laurens aforesaid taylor, then and there Lying dead upon the oaths of William Craigg, James Howeton,Samuel Mcconokey, Patrick Scott, James Willson, David Graham, John Dilard, francis Bradock, James Adair senior, Thomas Mccrery, William Mcclure senior, Reuben Meddows, James Craig, David Templeton senior good and Lawful men of the said district who being charged and Sworn to enquire for the Said State, when, where, how, and after what manner the Said John Rea came to his death do Say upon their oathes that he aforesaid John Rea did come to his death By Intoxication... In witness whereof... the Jurors... put our hand and seal the day and year first above written. Robert Long J.P., Willam Craig, James (X) Howerton, Samuel Mconaky, Patrick Scott, James Willson, David Graham, John Dillard, Francis (X) Braddock, James Adair, Thomas Mccrary, William (X) McCluer, Reuben Meador, James Craig, David (X) Templeton." Vol. 25, p. 84: [Note: I suggest that Joseph Adair was probably the son of Joseph (the cooper) and Elizabeth Adair, the first James was their son, and the second James was probably the son of James(the cooper) and Eleanor Adair. "Inquest on the dead Body of Jack and African the property of Thomas McCrery... Filed 16 April 1810. Laurens District - An inquisition indented taken at Thomas McCrery's... the Sixth day of April in the year 1810, before me Robert Long one of the Justices assinged to keep the peace for the district aforesaid, upon the view of the Body of a Negro man named Jack... then and there lying Dead upon the Oaths of Joseph Adair, Josiah Williams, John Finney, Manaseh Finney, Abraham Holland, Richard Holland, George McCrery, John Weeks, James Adair son of Joseph, John Gamble, George Gamble and James Adair; good and lawful men of the said district... Say upon their oaths that Jack the Negro... with a Cord madeof cotton usually termed a plough Line... and there in his cabin with said rope Round his neck, double in the form of a noose and the other part tied round one of the ribs of the cabin aforesaid by which means he was strangled to death then and there Volontarily and feloniously as a felon ofeldid kill and Murder and hang himself against the peace of this State. Robert Long, J.P., Joseph Adair, Josiah Williams, John finney, Manasseh Finney, Abram Holland, Richard Holland, Geo. McCrery, John Weeks, James Adair, John Gamble, George Gamble, James Adair." Vol. 26, pp. 17-18 [I suggest that Thomas McCrary, Jr., is the husband of Cassandra Adair, Reuben Meadors is husband to Hannah Adair, James Adair Sr is probably the son of James and Eleanor Adair, and James Adair Jr is probably his son.]:"An Inquest on the Dead Body of a Negro man named Daniel the property of Reuben Meddows. Filed November 5th 1816. Laurens District - An Inquest taken at Reuben Meddows in the district of Laurens aforesaid the seventeenth day of September in the year 1816 before me Robert Long Esquire one of the Justices assigned to keep the peace in the district aforesaid... Daniel... Lying dead upon of the oaths of Jason Meddows, James Bonds, James Adair, senior, Thomas McCrery senior, Francis Braddock, Stephen Bradock, Joseph McConohey, James Adair junior, Joseph McCrery, Thomas McCrery junior, William Scott and John finney... Daniel, came to his death, do say upon their Oaths, that he came to his death by the visitation of God then and there to wit Reuben Meddows field aforesaid he died... In witness... Robt Long J.P., Jason Meador for., James (X) Bonds, James Adair, Thomas McCrary, Francis (X) Braddock, Stephen Bradock, Joseph Mcconathy, James adair junr., Joseph Mccrary, Thos McCrary Junr., William Scott, John finney." 13. Excerpts of "Adairs" from the book "Laurens County South Carolina - Minutes of the County Court, 1786-1789," by Brent H. Holcomb, SCMar, Columbia, South Carolina, 2004. The book notes: "This is a record that has only been recently found after being lost for so many years. It is incomplete missing the first 54 pages, pages 103-126, and an unknown number of pages at the end of the volume. There is at least one other volume, still missing, covering the years 1790-1799." It also notes: "Laurens County was formed in 1785 as a county of Ninety Six District. In that year justices of the peace were elected by the General Assembly to be administrators of the county courts. Within the pages of these court minutes are small court cases, lists of deeds presented to be recorded, applications for administrations on estates and wills proved (beginning in 1787), jury lists, petitions of various kinds, appointments for various offices, apprenticeships, estray animals tolled, and other items. The cases heard for debt or damages could not exceed £50, and cases heard for personal damages could not exceed £20. Criminal cases heard could not call for the loss of life or corporal punishment. Larger court cases were heard in the district courts, such as Ninety-Six." The Adair records mention mainly James and Joseph Adair - the only problem was there were at least three Josephs and three James who were all adults at the same time as these court records. The two original brothers, James and Joseph Adair, both coopers by trade, arrived in the Laurens County area probably in the early 1760s. James was born ca 1715 and died in Laurens Co. sometime between 1784 and 1796. Joseph was born ca. 1718 and died after Jan 9, 1788 when his will was written. James had at least two sons who were alive in the time period of these court records: Joseph (ca. 1745 - ca. 1820) who married Sarah and James (1752-1818) who married Hannah. The other original brother, Joseph whose first wife was Sarah Lafferty and second wife Susannah Murdough, widow of Daniel Long, had at least three sons, Joseph (1735-1812), James (1747-1831) whose trade is noted as "saddler", and Benjamin (1752/1754-1823/1825). Generally speaking, the eldest living Adair of a given name was given the suffix of Sr. or no suffix at all while the younger Adairs were noted as Jr. or "son of" - in some cases an uncle could be a "Sr" and a nephew or cousin could be the "Jr." depending on age. As to which James and which Joseph are cited in the records below, they could be any of the above because there is no guarantee that the Court properly used Sr., Jr., or whatever. The citations could be a mix of all. The following are just the James Adair quotations: Pg. 63, 16 Mar 1786: "A Lease and Release for the Conveyance of 60 acres of Land from John Brotherton to James Adair Proven in open Court by the oath of Thomas Ewing & ordered to be Recorded." Pg. 68, 18 Mar 1786: James Adair was on a jury in the case of Robert McNees Plt vs. John Martin Deft concerning debt. Pg. 70, 18 Mar 1786: James Adair was on a jury in the case of George Caldwell Plt vs David Allison Deft concerning debt. Pg. 73, 18 Mar 1786: "James Adair Plt vs Thos Hughes and Charles Saxon Deft. In Debt. Came the Plt by James Yancey his Attorney and the Defts in their proper Person and Confessed Judgment for £1 s15 d10¼ sterl'g. Thereupon it is Considered by the Court that the Plt. recover against the s'd Defts his Debt aforesaid and his cost by him in this behalf Expended and the s'd Deft in Mercy &c." Clerk fees £ 11 Sheriffs fees 3 6 Attorney's fees 14 £ 8 6 Pg. 88,13 June 1786: "A Lease and release for the conveyance of 110 acres of land from Mary Hillon and John Hillon to James Adair proven in open court by the Oaths of George Ross and John Cammel & Ordered to be recorded." Pg. 88,13 June 1786: "A lease and release for the conveyance of 140 acres of land from Mary Hill and John Hillon to John Cammel proven in open court by the oaths of George Ross and James Adair & ordered to be recorded." Pg. 96, 16 June 1786: "James Adair vs Jonth'n Gilbert. Debt S.P. By Consent of the parties this suit is ordered to be Continued till next Court." Pg. 98, June 16, 1786: "James Adair vs Thos Persons. Attachment. Trover. This day came the Plaintiff by J. Yancey his Atty and the attachment being Returned Executed, and the Deft not Replevied by appearance or put in special bail tho solemnly called, on motion of the Plaintiff by his atty aforesaid it is ordered that Judgment be entered for the Plt for what damages he hath sustaind by Accation of the Trover & Convertion in the Declaration mentioned to be Inquired of by a Jury unless the Defendant shall appear and Plead to Issue at the next court." [Kerry's note: the case just before this was for exactly the same thing for James Montgomery vs Thos Persons.] Pg. 134, 14 Dec 1786: "David Wlch Plft. vs John Barnet Deft. In Debt. By consent of the Parties by their attys they have mutually submitted the Determination for this Suit to Nathan Barksdale, James Adair, and Charles Simmons and agreed that their award thereupon should be made the Judgement of the Court, which s'd aware was Ordered to be Returned into Court Immediately." Pp. 148-149, 13 Mar 1787: James Adair was sworn as Grand Juror for the county. Pg. 149, 13 Mar 1787: James Adair participated as a Grand Juror in the case State vs. Mansfield Walker and John Blackwell. Indictment for Sabbath braking. Pg. 152, 14 Mar 1787: "James Adair vs. Henry Johnston & David Simpson. By consent this suit is ordered to be dismist at Plfts. Cost." Pg. 159, 16 Mar 1787: "James Adair vs. Thomas Pearson. This day came the Plft by his Attys and the attachment being returned execution on 300 acres of land the Property of Deft and the said Deft not appearing to Replevy the same or Plead to the Plfts Declaration agreeable to a former Order of this Court, Therefore upon a Jury to wit [jury named]… upon their oaths do say that the Plft hath Sustained by accation of the Trespass in the Declaration mentioned, upon their oaths do say that the Plft hath Sustained Damages by accation thereof to £20 besides his cost, thereupon it was Considered by the Court that the Plft Recover against the s'd Deft his damages aforesaid in form aforesaid assest and his cost by him in this behalf Expended and the s'd Deft in Mercy &c." [Kerry's note: There were three exact same cases against Thomas Pearson with James Montgomery, James Adair, and Joseph Adair as individual plaintiffs with all three in sequence.] Pg. 165, 12 June 1787: "James Adair, son of James Adair, is appointed Overseer of that Part of the highway leading from Hughes's mill on Enoree and James Young's on Bush River in the room of Tho's Ewing. Ordered that he cause the free male inhabitants and slaves contiguous to and convenient to said road, to work thereon and to cause the same to be kept in repair for one year as the law directs." Pg. 215, 11 Mar 1788: "A power of Attes Adair acknowledged in Open Court and Ordered to be Recorded." Pg. 301, 12 Mar 1789: John D. Kern vs Charles Hutchings. In Case. This day came the parties by their attorneys & thereupon Came also a Jury [jury named] upon their oaths say that the Deft is not Guilty on fhe Nonperformance of the promises & assumptions in the Declaration mentioned & that he go hence without day and Recover against the s'd Plft his Cost by him in this behalf expended, Whereupon it was ordered accordingly. On application made on oath by James Adair a witness in said suit, ordered that the Plft pay him the sum of 35/ for 14 days attendance at 2/6 P'r day. Also Joseph Adair the sum of 32/ for 13 days attendance at 2/6 P'r day." Pg. 324, 18 Sep 1789: "James Adair vs. James Miller. In Slander. By consent this suit is ordered to be Dismist at Deft's cost." Pg. 326, 18 Sep 1789: James Adair was drawn as a petty juror. Pg. 317, 15 Sep 1789: "James Adair vs. Eliphaz Riley. S. Process Debt. Continued by Consent till next court." Pg. 322, 17 Sep 1789: "James Adair vs. Eliphaz Riley. By Consent of the Parties ordered that a Commission issue directed to John Calloway Smith and Wm Robertson Esq'r or any other Justices of the County of Wintown (sic, for Winton) to take the Examination of John Wild a witness for the Deft he giving the adverse party Ten days previous notice of the Time and place of s'd Examination & Return a Certificate of the same to our next Court Together with this commission." Pg 331, 16 Dec 1789: James Adair vs. Eliphaz Riley. S. Process debt. This day came the Parties by their attorneys & thereupon came also a Jury [jury named] upon their oaths do say that the Plft take nothing by his bill but for his false Clamour be in Mercy &c & that the Deft Go hence without day & recover against the s'd Pft his cost by him in this behalf Expended &C." Pg. 334, 16 Dec 1789: "The last will and testament of Joseph Adair Dec'd was presented in open court by James Adair the Ex'r and proven by the oath of James Montgomery and Ordered to be Recorded. Ordered that a Probate thereof issue in due form &c. Ordered that a warrant of Appraisement Issue to four freeholders of this county to View and appraise the estate of the s'd Jo's Adair Decd & Return an account of the same to the Ext'r within the Time Prescribed by Law." 14. Typescript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina." Compiled by Mildred Brownlee; Source Records: Wills; Intestate Estates; Deeds; Court Records; Cemetery Inscriptions. Some dates of birth and death obtained from Lineage Charts. Dates of birth and death subject to correction. Spelling of names subject to correction. [Note that bracketed comments are later additions by other reviewers including myself - Kerry Petersen.] "Other land in the adjacent area was purchased by James Adair, Sr. as will be seen by later deeds, he was born 15 May 1752, died 18 Aug. 1818, intestate. Deed Book M. pp. 77-78 - State of South Carolina, Laurens District - Whereas James Adair, Senr., of this District departed this life in the month of August 1818 and at the time of his death was possessed of a personal estate, consisting of negroes, horses, cows, hogs, sheep, waggon, household and kitchen furniture, corn, fodder, cotton and various other property not mentioned, all of which he was possessed of at the time of his death, and leaving a widow Hannah Adair and seven children, also four children of Elizabeth Parlmore (Palmer) in the right of their mother, to wit. John Prather in the right of his wife Mary; Nelly Ramage (a widow); James Adair, Jr., Reuben Meadors in the right of his wife Hannah; Wm. Cassels in the right of his wife Susannah, Willis Langston in the right of his wife Nancy; Wm. Gamble in the right of his wife Martha,all of which are entitled to distributive shares of the said James Adair's estate, that is to say, Hannah. the widow of James Adair, dec'd., is to have one third part of sd. after payment of all just debts and other lawfull expenses that may accrue at the intended sale ... and the remainder of said estate to be equally divided between the eight children of the sd. James Adair ... the four children of Elizabeth Palmore to have their mothers part equally divided between them, share and share alike ... Now for the better distribution and equal division of said estate we, Hannah Adair the wife of James Adair decd., John Prather, Nelly Ramage, James Adair, Reuben Meadors, Wm. Cassels, Willis Langston, and Wm. Gamble do agree to sell the estate before described on a credit untill the first day of January 1820 and to divide the proceeds thereof as before directed. Now know all by these presents that we Hannah Adair, John Prather, Nelly Ramage, and James Adair, Junr., Reuben Meadors, William Cassels, Willis Langston and William Gamble, are held and firmly bound unto each other in the following sums, that is Hannah Adair in the sum of three thousand dollars, John Prather in the sum of one thousand five hundred dollars, Nelly Ramage in the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, James Adair in the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, Reuben Meadors in the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, William Cassels in the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, Willis Langston in the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, and William Gamble in the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, to which payment well and truly to be made and done, we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, firmly by these presents in witness whereof we have set our hands and seals this twenty sixth of October 1818. Now the condition of the above obligation is such that if we Hannah Adair, John Prather. Nelly Ramage, James Adair, Reuben Meadors, Wm. Cassels, and Willis Langston and William Gamble, stand to keep and perform the foregoing intact by selling the before mentioned estate on a credit untill the first day of January 1820. After giving legal notice of the intended sale, and to give a Bill of Sale to such persons as may purchase at the intended sale, then after payment all just debts of sd. estate as well as expenses that may accrue thereon, and the proceeds to be divided according (to the) foregoing agreement then the above obligation to be void or else to remain in full force and virtue. Witness our hands and seals this day above written. William Cassels, Hannah (X) Adair, Willis Langston, John Prateor, William Gamble, Elenor (X) Ramage, James Adaire, Reuben Meadors Simon Reeder, John L. Abell South Carolina, Laurens District) Personally came before me John L. Able and made oath that he was present & saw Hannah Adair, John Prather, Elenor Ramage, James Adair, Reuben Meadors, William Cassels, Willis Langston, and William Gamble sign, seal, and deliver the within instrument of writing for the uses and purposes therein contained & that he subscribed his name as a witness thereto was present and saw Simon Reeder subscribe his name as a witness to the same. Sworn to before me this 20th Jany, 1829. W.E. Lynch. J.P., J.L. Abell A true record of the original 22nd Jany. 1829. John Garlington. R.M.C. The above agreement regarding the personal property of James Adair, decd., was drawn up a short time after his death; however, it was not recorded until after the death of Hannah Adair. Nothing was done about the real estate of James Adair, decd., until a court action was brought sometime in 1819 by William Cassels & wife regarding partition and division. The land was then exposed to public sale. Deed Bk. K. p. 316 - 3 Jan. 1820, Samuel Downs, Sheriff of Laurens Dist., to Benjamin Adair for $175 highest bid, 100 a. on waters of Duncan Creek, adj. Wm. Taylor, Basil Holland, Jacob Miller, sold for judgment in court petition of Wm. Cassels & wife vs. James Adair, dec'd., etal. Wit: J.H. Irby, John B. Griffin. (This was the tract sold to James Adair, Sr. in 1814 by Jacob Miller. See Deed Bk. K, p. 65.) Deed Bk. L, p. 78 - 3 Jan. 1820. Samuel Downs, Sheriff of Laurens Distr. to Hannah Adair. By virtue of a writ of partition from the Court of Common Pleas in which Wm. Cassels, etal, were plaintiffs for the purpose of obtaining a partition & division of a certain tract of land sheriff exposed to sale and sold to highest bidder; Hannah Adair, for the sum of $985, 224 a. on waters of Duncan Creek adj. Thos. McCreary, John Abell and Wm. Copeland, a tract formerly owned by James Adair, Sr., decd.. at the time of his death. Wit: Patillo Farrow, Wm. Taylor. Deed Bk. L. p. 36 - 30 July 1821, Hannah Adair to James Adair for $657, 224 a. whereon I now reside, adj. Thos. McCrary, Wm. Copeland, Thos. Beasley, John Abell, sd. James Adair & John Bryan, subject, nevertheless, to my life estate in that part of land lying on the S side of Allison Creek, being the part whereon the dwelling house now stance. Wit: R. Creswell, J.B. Kennedy. (This was the land Hannah bought from the Sheriff.) In the Court of Equity, 1821 - Reuben Meadors & wife Hannah vs. heirs of James Adair, Sr., dec'd. Petitioners state that James Adair, Sr. died in 1818, leaving a widow, Hannah Adair & the following children: Mary wife of John Prator; Nelly Ramage; James Adair, Jr.; Susannah wife of Wm. Cassels; Nancy wife of Willis Langston; Martha wife of Wm, Gamble; & Hannah wife of Reuben Meadors. That James Adair, Jr. received from his father in his lifetime a tract of land worth $600 and an advancement of personal property; that the other legatees received from their father at the time of their marriages quantities of personal property, except the petitioners who received only a horse worth $40, a cow & calf worth $10, a bed & furniture worth $20. Petitioners seek an accounting of the sale of the real & personal property & equal distribution of the proceeds. Affidavit of James Adair, Jr, states that in the lifetime of his father, he received 100 a. on Duncan Creek. adj. when granted NE on Josiah Greer, SW on Thos. Ellison, other sides vacant, the whole of a tract originally granted to James Hannah. A copy of the deed was submitted as recorded in Deed Bk. H, p. 249. (Records as to resolution of the suit were not included.)... Will of Hannah Adair: "In the name of God, Amen. I Hannah Adair, being in a low and afflicted state; and calling to mind the frailly and mortality of us may think proper, do make and constitute the following my last will and testament. I commend my soul and body into the merciful hands of that God from whom I received them, trusting in him to save through the merit of his son Jesus Christ. It is my desire that my heirs bury my body in a decent Christian manner, hoping and believing God will raise it at the great resurrection day. It is my will after the following sums are paid to some of my grand Children, to wit, to Patsey Gamble, the sum of fifty dollars to be paid to her when she comes of age. To Jinny Beavers one cow and calf, and to all the rest of my grand children whose parents are now dead the sum of one dollar. Then all the rest of my property consisting of negros stock and household furniture to be sold and equally divided among my living children viz Elenor Ramage, James Adair, Hannah Meddors, Susannah Castles, Nancy Langston, with all the money I may leave and debts due to me on note or otherwise to be equally divided among the above mentioned Children, with crop or any other property belonging to me I wish Susannah Castles part to be given to herself for the use of her children. It is not my will that William Castles should have any management of it, but that it should be the property of my daughter Susannah and her children after her. And I do hereby constitute my son James Adair as my executor to put this my will into affect. And I do hereby certify and declare this to be my last will and testament, given under my hand and seal this twenty fifth day of October, and in the year of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, one thousand eight hunderd and twenty six and in the fiftieth year of the Independence of the United States of America. Hannah (X) Adair (Seal) her mark Signed in presence of us: Thomas S. Leak, Isham Milam, Susannah Prater" Recorded in Book F, Page 65. Recorded date not available. Proven date December 4th, 1826. Bundle 3, Package 9. Children of James and Hannah Adair - 8 in number: 1. Elizabeth Adair, date or birth unknown; she died before her father. Name of her husband not given but is thought to have been James Palmer who died in 1826. His estate was administered by Henry McKelvey with David Gamble and Wm. Copeland, sureties. Estate appraisal was made by Wm. Gamble, Reuben Meadors and James Adair. Names and dates of birth of the Palmer children not known. [NB: one of them was most likely Virginia (Jinny) Palmer who m. William Langley Bevis]. 2. Mary Adair, b. c1771 - mar. John Prather. Their chn: Hannah Prather - mar. Joseph Dollar. Linny Prather - mar. William Dollar. Archibald Prather - mar. his cousin, Susannah Meadors. Martha Prather Betsy? or Priscilla? Prather mar. Daniel Owens. (Daniel Owens thought to have been from Newberry Co. Daniel Owens, son of John Owens and Mary Long of Duncan Creek community died single in 1811.) James Prather Mary (Polly) Prather - b. 1808 Bryce Prather - b. 1810 Elinor (Nelly) Prather - b. 1813 3. Eleanor(Nelly) Adair, b. 2 Jan. 1774 - mar. Benjamin Ramage. [Their chn:] Benjamin Ramage John Jewell Ramage, b. 14 Mar. 1801 - mar. Nancy Weyman Adair. Washington Ramage, b. c1810 - mar. Sarah Ann Wilson - Ala. 4. James Adair, Jr., b. 15 Oct. 1781 - mar. Delilah Holland. [Their chn:] Nancy Weyman Adair, b. 5 Nov. 1805 - mar. Jno. Jewell Ramage. Robert James Adair, b. 2 June 1807 - mar. Sarah Jacks. Elizabeth Adair, b. 17 June 1810 - d. 17 Oct. 1823. Edmond Adair, b. 18 Oct. 1814 - mar. Susan Dillard. Hannah Adair, b. 7 Nov. 1816 - mar. Matthew Simpson. Isaac Adair, b. 21 July 1818 - mar. Sarah Dillard. James Henry Adair, b. 4 Aug. 1820 - mar. Elizabeth Pitts. William H. Adair, b. 31 Oct. 1822 - d. 6 Oct. 1844. 5. Hannah Adair, b. Sept. 1784 - mar. Reuben Meadors. [Their chn:] Susannah Meadors - mar. her cousin Archibald Prather. Paschal Motley Meadors, b. 18 Jan. 1808 - mar. Sarah Ann Miller. Oney Meadors, b. 21 Sept. 1809 - mar. James M. Braddock. Mary (Polly) Meadors - mar. Pearson Martha Meadors, died Nov. 1856, in her 33rd. year, mar. Lemuel Oxner. Reuben Byrum Meadors, died 25 Apr. 1848 in his 24th year, mar. J. Eunice Richey. Their dau. Elizabeth, mar. D..P. Buzzard. James Adair Meadors, b. 15 Oct. 1824, mar. (1) Mary Susan McKittrick, (2) Margaret Adeline Hudgens. ?Ann Meadors, died young? 6. Susannah Adair mar. William Cassels. NFI 7. Nancy Adair mar. Willis Langston. NFI 8. Martha Adair mar. William Gamble. NFI" 15. American Revolutionary War Stories involving Mangum and Adair Families in Laurens County Area of South Carolina: In John Mangum the Patriot's application for his American Rev. War pension, he mentions serving with several of the following commanders. He specifically states he was with Col. Joseph Hayes when he was killed and that he received a wound under the hands of the Tory leader William Cunningham aka "Bloody Bill." The following accounts help understand John's and the Adair family's patriotic commitment and puts some flesh to names. See separate notes in the Adair family notes for John Mangum's Adair family comrades in arms who signed the James Williams Petition which would mean that the Adair and Mangum families probably first came in contact both knowing and serving under James Williams. Both modern Laurens and adjoining Newberry Counties were in the old District Ninety Six of South Carolina. "A Laurens County Sketchbook," by Julian Stevenson Bolick, FHL book 975.731-H2b, p. 9, in speaking of the American Revolutionary War: "The people, cut off as they were from the coast and seat of government [KP note: at Charles Town or Charleston as it was later known], were not aware of the many grievances of the colonists toward the mother country. Naturally, in the months to follow, many of the Up Country people remained loyal to England, and particularly those who had been given large grants by the king. These people became known as Tories, and a gentleman's agreement was reached among some of the colonists whereby the Tories in the Carolina "Back Country" should remain in a state of neutrality. Since this agreement was made without the knowledge of Robert Cunningham, a man of high esteem and immense influence among his neighbors in Ninety Six District, he did not feel bound by the agreement. Thus, he continued to urge opposition to the revolutionary movement to the point of being apprehended on an occasion by a group of men dressed as Indians. Learning of Robert's proposed confinement in Charles Town, his brother Patrick gathered a body of friends and set out in pursuit of the group. The pursuers failed to overtake the first group, but Patrick and his men learned of, and captured, 1000 pounds of powder being sent as a present to the Cherokee Indians by the governor. Because of the proximity of the Cherokees, it was customary to make gifts from time to time to the Cherokee Nation to encourage friendship. An amount of gunpowder, included with cloth and trinkets, was intended to be only enough to meet the Indians' needs for hunting, and not a sufficient quantity to incite them to attack the settlers... "Unbiased recounting of history must include here the distasteful authority and influence exerted by two Tory leaders over their followers in dealing with their enemies, the Whigs [KP note: pre-Revolution ]. The two 'Bloody Bills', William Bates and William Cunningham, headed the list of atrocities ... Cunningham ... belonged to one of the best families in the province. A cousin of Robert and Patrick Cunningham, Bill was the only member of the family to depart from its high standard of chivalry and honor ... William was a Whig at the beginning of the struggle ... William was ordered to the Low Country, was whipped for some minor offense and was placed in chains. His work of pillage and murder apparently was a retributive vengeance on those who had wronged him, especially his former commander in arms. "So, the good citizens and the bad citizens were divided in their partisanship. Before the end of hostilities, the great plantations where hospitality had been dispensed in generous and gracious manner were closed to friendship because of divided loyalties and sympathies. These homes included White Hall, home of Andrew Williamson; Rosemont and Peach Hill, Cunningham seats and Mount Pleasant, owned by James Williams. In many cases, animosity continued. In the election of 1778, Colonel Williams and Cunningham engaged in gentlemanly fisticuffs, in which the wife of the Colonel seized Cunningham by his queue before friends could come between them. The fact that Cunningham was elected to office was evidence of the strong Tory influence in the district. It will be recollected here that Robert Cunningham had been arrested by Colonel James Williams in 1775 and sent to Charles Town, where he refused to recognize the authority of the Provincial Congress. His arrest created indignation in the "Back Country", and three years later his friends gave full support to his candidacy. "Logan's History of the 'Upper Country of South Carolina' characterizes this area as 'the classic ground of the American Revolution,' but it is difficult to locate exact spots of skirmishes occurring with the confines of the present county of Laurens. Meager records show that one encounter took place on the banks of Rabun Creek. While the armed forces on the coast had been occupied with the defense of Fort Moultrie, the western frontier of the state had become ablaze with Indians on the warpath [KP note: the neutrality of the Indians was broken when the British and their allies could use strong persuasion]. Inhabitants along the Saluda River had taken refuge in an old fort known as Lyndley's, located on Rabun Creek. Early morning of July 15, 1776, 88 Indians and 102 white men attacked the safety station. Major Jonathan Downes with 150 men had arrived at the station the evening before. The latter were on a mission to join forces with Major Williamson in an effort to suppress the Indians who erroneously had been told that their gift of gunpowder and lead captured so recently would be used by the Whigs to kill them. The attack on the fort was repulsed and thirteen prisoners, all whites dressed as Indians, were sent to Ninety Six for confinement. "On another occasion, Major Downes, commanding a small force of Whigs, happened to come upon an armed aggregation of Indians in the Scuffletown area. Tradition says that the Major overcame the Indian chief in a hand-to-hand fight, and that he took off his suspenders, tied the Indian's hands behind his back and left the fighting field with the captured chieftain astride Downes' horse. "In August of 1780, the Battle of Musgrove's Mill was fought about twelve miles north of | Adair, James (I3719)
|
| 3273 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. 2. Typescript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina." Compiled by Mildred Brownlee; Source Records: Wills; Intestate Estates; Deeds; Court Records; Cemetery Inscriptions. Some dates of birth and death obtained from Lineage Charts. Dates of birth and death subject to correction. Spelling of names subject to correction. "Alexander Adair - Signed the Williams petition in 1780. Rendered Revo. service - Indent Bk. S, #347. Had a state grant of 234 a. on the South Fork of Duncan Creek, 23 Dec. 1784. In 1796, his wife was Mary. 1790 census 1-1-4-0 slaves 1 male (16 or over) 1 male (under 16) 4 females 1800 census 30001 11000 1 male (45 or over) Alexander, b. 1755 or before.. 3 males (under age 10) 1 female (age 10-16) 1 female (under age 10) 1810 census 01201 00100 1 male (45 or over) 1 female (16-26) 2 males (16-26) 1 male (10-16) 1850 Census for Laurens County, #839: Robert Adair 55, m. (Said to be son of Alexander Adair. Proof needed.) Hannah (Prather) 54, f Basil 23 Ruthie 23 f Elizabeth 21 f Lucinda 20 f Robert 18 m Bryce 2 m George 1 m "Hannah Adair was daughter of Bazel Prather. Bazel's will mentioned Hannah's four children who were born before 1829: Bazel Adair, William Adair, Mary Adair, & Jane Adair. "Robert and Hannah Adair and their son, Robert, moved before 1860 to Tippah Co., MS. No available information on the other children." 3. FHL book 975.7W2r, 1968, "A Compilation of the Original Lists of Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1763-1773," comp. by Janie Revill. This book states: "The immigrants listed in this volume were protestant refugees from Europe who came to South Carolina on the encouragement of an Act passed by the General Assembly of the Colony on July 25, 1761 called the Bounty Act. A copy of the Act is not available. It is referred to in the published Statues of So. Carolina... It was a broadening of earlier immigration laws, for the special benefit of these religious refugees. Applicants had to have certificates showing that they were protestants and entitled to receive the benefits allowed by the new Bounty Act, which was evidently modified and renewed from time to time." The dates are for approval of bounties and not necessarily date of immigration even though each group appears to have recently arrived and each listed group was probably from the same ship. The following names are included: Council Journal, 33, page 145, meeting of 28 May, 1767, these two names together in sequence: Andrew Adair - 450 acres. [No known relation.] Alice Adair - 100 acres. [No known relation.] Council Journal, 33, pages 150-157, meeting of 28 May 1767, these four names together in sequence: Mary Adair Alex'dr Adair James Adair Margaret Adair Council Journal, 33, pages 229-234, meeting of 1 Sept. 1767, these seven names together in sequence: Robert Brown - 100 acres. Robert Brown, Sen'r - 300 acres. Sarah Brown - 100 acres. Mary Brown - 100 acres. Roger Brown - 100 acres. [Father of Rebecca Brown who marries Thomas Adair?] John Brown - 100 acres. Rebekah Brown - 100 acres. [Most likely Roger's sister later married to Mr. Bishop.] 4. Reviewed the several volumes of "Passenger and Immigration Lists Index" at the SLC FHL. Most all early Adair records are from 1800s or of no value. There are no matching records for the earliest Joseph and James Adair. The records earlier than the Rev. War appear very spotty and incomplete. There are however these Adair entries coming thru Charleston, South Carolina. I don't believe those James are matches to our James; also, no telling what part of the South they may have ended up: Alexdan, 1767, 3627.37 p187 Alice, 1767, 3627.37 p184 James, 1763-1764, 3627.37 p67 James, 1767, 3627.37 p187 Jane, 1763-1764, 3627.37 p67 Jane, 1767, 3627.37 p70 Margaret, 1767, 3627.37 p187 Mary, 1767, 3627.37 p187 5. The book "Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution," by Bobby Gilmer Moss, lists the following for probably this individual. I do not have the abbreviation list as to the sources he gives: "Alexander Adair. He served in the militia. A.A. 18; S347." 6. The following Ann McClure could be the individual of the same name who had an illegitimate child of Alexander Adair. Laurens County Estate Book A-1, Pp. 55-60: "Appraisement of the Estate of Robert Bell decd. Total ₤148 12 2-1/2 (no appraisers, no date). Purchasers at sale: Richd Bell, Isabella Bell, Patrick Scott, Nathl Cannon, Ann MClure, Evan Robarts, James Ramage, Daniel Davis, Samuel Ewing, John Harris, Adam Bell, Gilbert Memory, James Pollock, John Roberson, Nathan Davis, John Harvis, Joseph Adair son of James, John Owings, John Owings, David Beayty, John Awsten, Wm Blackburn, Josiah East, Joseph Huddleston, John Adair son of Joseph, And. McCrary, David Bailey, Wm Price, John Calahan, Ann Dradock, John Archer Elmore, Charles Russel, John Huston, John Robinson, John Hunter, Wm Gray, Samuel McConehey, John Willson, John Walker, Thomas Entrecan,Thomas East Junr., Thomas East Senr., Samuel Eakins, John McCartey, John Derumple [Dalrymple] Junr. Sold 15 Aug 1792, by Richd. Bell, admr." 7. Laurens County Estate Book A-1: Pp. 101-102: "Alexr Adair" listed as witness to the "Will of James Pollock of Duncan's Creek, Laurens County." Will dated 26 Jul 1793. Pp. 111-116: "February 15, 1795. A Just and true Inventory or Bill of appraisement of all and singular the Goods and Chattles of James Pollock decd which hath been produced or brought to us by Patric Scot and Robert Long, Executors of the last will and testament of sd. Decd. Includes notes on... [many names listed including "Alexander Adair".] Pp. 196-197: "Feb 18 1797 acct. of the estate of James Polock decd. Patrick Scott, exr. Accounts for... Alexr. Adair..." P. 251: "October 11 1800, Appraise the goods & Chatttels of Morgin Layson decd. [total not given] by John Owens, Alexander Adair, John Dillard." 8. Excerpts of "Adairs" from the book "Laurens County South Carolina - Minutes of the County Court, 1786-1789," by Brent H. Holcomb, SCMar, Columbia, South Carolina, 2004. The book notes: "This is a record that has only been recently found after being lost for so many years. It is incomplete missing the first 54 pages, pages 103-126, and an unknown number of pages at the end of the volume. There is at least one other volume, still missing, covering the years 1790-1799." It also notes: "Laurens County was formed in 1785 as a county of Ninety Six District. In that year justices of the peace were elected by the General Assembly to be administrators of the county courts. Within the pages of these court minutes are small court cases, lists of deeds presented to be recorded, applications for administrations on estates and wills proved (beginning in 1787), jury lists, petitions of various kinds, appointments for various offices, apprenticeships, estray animals tolled, and other items. The cases heard for debt or damages could not exceed £50, and cases heard for personal damages could not exceed £20. Criminal cases heard could not call for the loss of life or corporal punishment. Larger court cases were heard in the district courts, such as Ninety-Six." The records have several listings for the known Adair family. There are also mentions of Alexander Adair who we cannot yet connect to the other Lauren County Adairs even though he was in near proximity to the other Adairs. The quotation: Pp. 83-84, 13 Jun 1786: "State vs Alex'd Adair. Bastardy. Came Daniel Brown, County attorney, into Court and the Defendant in his Proper person and because he will not contend with the County, Submitted himself to the Jurisdiction and Mercy of the Court, and Sayeth that he is the father of a bastard child Begotten on the body of Ann McCluer in manner and form as is alledged against him. Therefore it is Considered by the Court that he the said Alex'd Adair pay unto the county a fine of £3 s11 and cost of Suit." Pp. 83-84, 13 June 1786: "State vs Ann McCluer. Bastardy. Came into Court the said Ann McCluer and Submitted her Self to Discression and Jurisdiction of the court and sayeth she is Guilty of having a bastard child and that Alex Adair is the father of said Child, whereupon the Court after considering the matter find her for s'd offence £ 3 s11 & cost. Ordered that the said Ann McCluer and Alex'd Adair enter into bond Jointly severally in the sum of £50 with Sufficient Security to save harmless and indemnified the said County from the Maintainance of the said Bastard child for Ten years." "Alex'd Adair and Ann McCluer and Samuel Ewing came into Court and acknowledged themselves indebted to the County in the sum of £50 sterling to be levied of their Goods and Chattels, lands and tenements. Yet upon condition that they will Save harmless and Indemnified the said County from the Maintainance of the said Bastard child on the body of the said Ann McCluer by the said Alex'd Adair. Acknowledged in open Court." 9. From the Internet: "Stub Indents are another important resource. When South Carolina paid claims for goods, services, or damages from the Revolutionary War, they were paid with certificates called indents. Rather like stub checkbooks, the certificates were in two parts: one part was issued to the claimant as compensation; the other part was a stub on which pertinent information, such as the claimant's name, the nature of the claim, and the amount paid was recorded. The state retained the stub of the indents, and they are found at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History in Office of the Commissioners of the Treasury, Stub Indents and Indexes, 1779–1791, 22 vols." The following indents are for various Adairs and are from "Accounts Audited of Revolutionary Claims Against South Carolina," ed. by A.S. Salley, The Historical Commission of South Carolina, 1935, copy at FHL: a. Vol. 1, #20: No. 347 S; Alexander Adair; addressed to Charleston from Laurens Co. 3 Aug 1786. Alexander gives Robert Scott the power to receive the indent; subscribing witness was James Montgomery; rec'd. 14 Jun 1785. Based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown"; mentions Col. Anderson's return. b. Vol. 1, #21: No. 348 S; Benjamin Adair; dated 24 Mar 1785; subscribing witness was John Magee, received 14 Jun 1785; based on "a horse lost in public service in 1779"; no locality shown for Benjamin; mentions Col. Robert Anderson's return. c. Vol. 1, #22: No. 346 S; Isaac Adair; addressed 5 May 1785 from "Ninety Six District"; empowered Capt. James Dillard to receive payment; subscribing witness was James Montgomery; rec'd 14 Jun 1785; based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown"; mentions Col. Anderson's return. d. Vol. 1, #23: No. 350 S; James Adair; addressed 18 Sep 1785 from "Ninety Six District, Laurens Co."; empowered John Hunter, Esq. to receive payment; subscribing witness was James Montgomery; rec'd 14 Jun 1785; based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown" and as wagon master for Col. Ja's Williams from 29th Mar 1780 to 20 May for 52 day; mentions Col. Rob't Anderson's return. e. Vol. 1, #24: No. 340 W; James Adair, Junr; addressed 7 Sep 1783; received 8 Aug 1785; for "flour supplied the militia in 1783 also for recovery of Horses lost in 1779"; also mentions "flour for the use of the widows and distressed families in Col. Casey's Reg't"; also mentions "horses lost at Augusty [Augusta] under the Command of General Williamson 11 of may 1779"; subscribing witness was Robert Hanna. f. Vol. 1, #25: No. 1522 Y; James Adare, addressed 27 Jun 1787; based on "120 days Militia duty in Gen'l: Marion's Brigade in 1781, also for a Gun impressed; mentions Lt. Col. Hugh Horry. g. Vol. 1, #26: No. 349 S; John Adair; addressed 15 Sep 1785 from "96 District"; empowered John Hunter to receive payment; subscribing witness was James "Adear"; rec'd 14 Jun 1785; based on militia duty as a private "before and since the reduction of Charlestown"; mentions Col. Anderson's return. h. Vol. 1, #27: 1955 X; Joseph Adair; addressed 20 May 1785; empowered John Hunter to receive payment; subscribing witnesses included Robert Anderson, J.P., Col. Levi Casey, and Charles Saxon; based on "Joseph Addairs Commissary Commencing 20th of August 1781 and ending the 1sd of March 1782" including sundries, flour, Indian corn, fodder, "Rations and Necessarys for 2 Wounded Men belonging To Gen'l Greens Army 49 days," "1 Gun & Accoutements lost at Savannah," "Corn & Fodder for Col. Jones of Georgia," "Rations for 9 Horses of Capd. Mac bee Comp'y," "Oats for Col. Washington's Men," work with wagon and team. i. Vol. 1, #28: No. 106 I; William Adair; addressed 27 Jul 1783; several different men received endorsements in 1786 and 1787 including John Adair, Philip Hart, and John Lewis Gervais; based on service as adjutant for Col. Lacey's Regt. for 60 days June 18, 1780, and 30 days Feb. 12, 1781; subscribing witness was Joseph Palmer, J.P. Note also that John Adair shows up empowered to collect in behalf of William Kay and John Edward Auston. He also shows up as "John Adair, J.P." the subscribing witness of Ambros Ball. 10. American Revolutionary War Stories involving Mangum and Adair Families in Laurens County Area of South Carolina: In John Mangum the Patriot's application for his American Rev. War pension, he mentions serving with several of the following commanders. He specifically states he was with Col. Joseph Hayes when he was killed and that he received a wound under the hands of the Tory leader William Cunningham aka "Bloody Bill." The following accounts help understand John's and the Adair family's patriotic commitment and puts some flesh to names. See separate notes in the Adair family notes for John Mangum's Adair family comrades in arms who signed the James Williams Petition which would mean that the Adair and Mangum families probably first came in contact both knowing and serving under James Williams. Both modern Laurens and adjoining Newberry Counties were in the old District Ninety Six of South Carolina. a. "A Laurens County Sketchbook," by Julian Stevenson Bolick, FHL book 975.731-H2b, p. 9, in speaking of the American Revolutionary War: "The people, cut off as they were from the coast and seat of government [KP note: at Charles Town or Charleston as it was later known], were not aware of the many grievances of the colonists toward the mother country. Naturally, in the months to follow, many of the Up Country people remained loyal to England, and particularly those who had been given large grants by the king. These people became known as Tories, and a gentleman's agreement was reached among some of the colonists whereby the Tories in the Carolina "Back Country" should remain in a state of neutrality. Since this agreement was made without the knowledge of Robert Cunningham, a man of high esteem and immense influence among his neighbors in Ninety Six District, he did not feel bound by the agreement. Thus, he continued to urge opposition to the revolutionary movement to the point of being apprehended on an occasion by a group of men dressed as Indians. Learning of Robert's proposed confinement in Charles Town, his brother Patrick gathered a body of friends and set out in pursuit of the group. The pursuers failed to overtake the first group, but Patrick and his men learned of, and captured, 1000 pounds of powder being sent as a present to the Cherokee Indians by the governor. Because of the proximity of the Cherokees, it was customary to make gifts from time to time to the Cherokee Nation to encourage friendship. An amount of gunpowder, included with cloth and trinkets, was intended to be only enough to meet the Indians' needs for hunting, and not a sufficient quantity to incite them to attack the settlers... "Unbiased recounting of history must include here the distasteful authority and influence exerted by two Tory leaders over their followers in dealing with their enemies, the Whigs [KP note: pre-Revolution ]. The two epart from its high standard of chivalry and honor ... William was a Whig at the beginning of the struggle ... William was ordered to the Low Country, was whipped for some minor offense and was placed in chains. His work of pillage and murder apparently was a retributive vengeance on those who had wronged him, especially his former commander in arms. "So, the good citizens and the bad citizens were divided in their partisanship. Before the end of hostilities, the great plantations where hospitality had been dispensed in generous and gracious manner were closed to friendship because of divided loyalties and sympathies. These homes included White Hall, home of Andrew Williamson; Rosemont and Peach Hill, Cunningham seats and Mount Pleasant, owned by James Williams. In many cases, animosity continued. In the election of 1778, Colonel Williams and Cunningham engaged in gentlemanly fisticuffs, in which the wife of the Colonel seized Cunningham by his queue before friends could come between them. The fact that Cunningham was elected to office was evidence of the strong Tory influence in the district. It will be recollected here that Robert Cunningham had been arrested by Colonel James Williams in 1775 and sent to Charles Town, where he refused to recognize the authority of the Provincial Congress. His arrest created indignation in the "Back Country", and three years later his friends gave full support to his candidacy. "Logan's History of the 'Upper Country of South Carolina' characterizes this area as 'the classic ground of the American Revolution,' but it is difficult to locate exact spots of skirmishes occurring with the confines of the present county of Laurens. Meager records show that one encounter took place on the banks of Rabun Creek. While the armed forces on the coast had been occupied with the defense of Fort Moultrie, the western frontier of the state had become ablaze with Indians on the warpath [KP note: the neutrality of the Indians was broken when the British and their allies could use strong persuasion]. Inhabitants along the Saluda River had taken refuge in an old fort known as Lyndley's, located on Rabun Creek. Early morning of July 15, 1776, 88 Indians and 102 white men attacked the safety station. Major Jonathan Downes with 150 men had arrived at the station the evening before. The latter were on a mission to join forces with Major Williamson in an effort to suppress the Indians who erroneously had been told that their gift of gunpowder and lead captured so recently would be used by the Whigs to kill them. The attack on the fort was repulsed and thirteen prisoners, all whites dressed as Indians, were sent to Ninety Six for confinement. "On another occasion, Major Downes, commanding a small force of Whigs, happened to come upon an armed aggregation of Indians in the Scuffletown area. Tradition says that the Major overcame the Indian chief in a hand-to-hand fight, and that he took off his suspenders, tied the Indian's hands behind his back and left the fighting field with the captured chieftain astride Downes' horse. "In August of 1780, the Battle of Musgrove's Mill was fought about twelve miles north of the present city of Laurens on the Enoree River. Major Downes again served gallantly; in this encounter was, also, Colonel Joseph Hayes, who was among those massacred at Hayes Station the following year. In the home of Major Edward Musgrove a garrison of 500 British troops maintained headquarters. They were regimented soldiers retrained by platoons. The Major, too old for active duty, remained neutral in his sympathies; but his family took a very active part with sons fighting on both sides. On that August day the Whigs took up position within one mile of the mill and were in the process of planning an attack when a skirmish between a British patrol and a Whig reconnaissance group brought the entire British garrison to the scene. Young Captain Shadrack Inman asked permission to take 25 men and act as a decoy to draw the Tories into a three-pronged trap formed by force commanded by Colonel Isaac Shelby on the right, Colonel Elijah Clarke on the left and Colonel James Williams in the center. Shadrack Inman was shot seven times following the retreating British. A simple stone marks the spot where he fell. "The battle is said to have been one of the hardest ever fought in the county with small arms alone '...the smoke so thick as to hide a man at a distance of twenty rods. With the aid of Tories, the British had hoped for a quick victory in the South; instead they suffered heavy losses and their strength in South Carolina's Up Country had been badly shaken. "November, 1781, will be remembered as a month of terror for the Whigs and their families in the Ninety Six District at the hands of William Cunningham, who had left Charles Town in August for the purpose of inflicting punishment on the Whigs. Crossing Saluda River, 'Bloody Bill' and his band of 300 ruthless followers attacked Hayes Inn, a station which before had been known as Edge Hill, on the stagecoach route through this part of the Up Country. The exact date of this attack is not known, but McCrady in his 'History of South Carolina in the Revolution' traces the movements of the group of Tories. On November 7, 1781 thirty Whigs had taken refuge in an unfinished log house without door or windows on a small stream called Cloud's Creek in Edgefield County. Two of the thirty escaped, the rest being slaughtered after they had surrendered. Mr. McCrady states aturated in tar and set afire. The flaming roof caused suffocation and terror among those inside. "Captain Daniel Williams, with a group of patriots, had rested overnight at the inn. The Captain, only eighteen years of age, and Colonel Joseph Hayes, owner and operator of the inn, were promptly hanged from a pole of the fodder stack. The pole broke; and Cunningham, continuing the cruelty with gave him the name 'Bloody Bill,' cut the half strangled men to pieces with his sword. The encounter is recorded as 'Hayes Station Massacre,' a terrifying experience related by the one survivor... "It was such odious treatment of human beings that prompted General Nathanael Greene of the Whig side to make the following declaration: 'The inhabitants hunt one another like wild beasts. If a stop cannot be put to these massacres, the country will be depopulated in a few more months, as neither Whig nor Tory can live." In the District of Ninety Six alone, there were 1400 hundred widows and orphans as a result of the war." 11. James Williams Petition listing the Adair family Patriots. Note that Thomas Adair's parents are the ones listed as number 4 (Joseph and Sarah) and his grandparents are number 3 (James and Eleanor). Most of the other Adairs were brothers or cousins. The petition has come to me from Mildred Brownlee's manuscript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina" and also from the "South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research," vol. 15, p. 32. James Williams was one of the most renown Patriots of the Laurens area and this listing of signers of the petition of the area gives us a good source of patriots also associated with him. Col. James Williams and Capt. Josiah Greer were also military leaders of many of these same individuals during the 1778 American invasion of British East Florida per the source of Doctor George Ross' medical reimbursement papers quoted in this database under Rebecca Montgomery's notes. This petition typescript is item #5767, Manuscript Dept., Wm. M. Perkins Library at Duke University, Durham NC. Submitted by Mrs. Mary Ann McCrary and published with permission of the Manuscript Dept. This petition pre-dates the Battle of Kings Mountain (7 Oct 1780), as Col. James Williams was killed at that time. [NB: a second version of the petition was located in the South Carolina Library in 1999 and the gaps in the Duke University petition were filled in as indicated by brackets.] {Any notes or comments added by me are in these brackets.} "To his Excellen[cy John Rutledge, E]sq. Governor & Commander in Chief in & [over th]e state of South Carolina, the Honourable the privy Counsel, the Honourable the Senate & House of Representatives in General Assembly. Whereas we (the zealous friends to our country, and to all who love and distinguish themselves in her cause) do understand & are exceeding sorry to hear that there are false & [evilly designing] Accusations either lying on or about to shortly be laid against James Williams, our present Colonel in & over Little River Regiment, and designed (as we believe) by the private Enemies of our country to deprive us of so worthy a friend of his Country in general a good officer to us in particular & thereby do a very singular Piece of Service to the common enemies of America. We do briefly & anxiously remonstrate this: that we experimentally know Colo. James Williams to have been a zealous Patriot from the commencement of the America contest with Briten; and to have always stood foremost in every occasion when called upon to the defence of his country. We do further declare that we have never known said Colo. [Jas.].Williams to distress any individuals in the Regiment who voluntarily & judiciously, when legally called upon and commanded to the field, have turned out in the Defence if their Native Rights & Privileges together with that of their Country; & we do avow it from our knowledge, that whensoever Colo. Jas. Williams either directly or indirectly executed any distressing things, it was upon the stubborn & refractory, whose practices of obstinacy declare them inimical to their country: & and that this he did, as being last promissing Effort to reduce them to the dutiful obedience of loyal & fellow citizens. Without delaying you; we your humble Petitioners do earnestly beg that you will hear this our faithful Remonstrance & proceed with our respected Colo. James Williams & all such unjust & disaffected Clamours as may come before you against him, as your superior Judgements may direct: only begging leave to conclude with this one Remark, that doubtless you know that such clamours are frequently the necessary Effect of Disaffection to the Country. [Signed:] Robt. McCrery Lt. Colo.; George Davis, Capt.; Matthew McCrar[e]y, Lt.; George Young; Matthew Cunningham; Andrew McCrary; James Greer; [James Dillard]; [John Owens]; [Samuel Ewing]; [William Davis]; [Absolom Filby]; [John McCrary Sener]; [John McCrary Juner]; [Robert Long]; [Matthew McCrary]; [William Bean]; [John Williams J.P {note J.P. is crossed out}]; [Wm. Arthur Capt.]; Josiah Greer; Joseph Ramage; John Robinson; John Bourland; John Greer Juner; Isaac Adair; Jms. Adair; [Thos McCrery J.P.]; [James Ones]; [Andrew Ones]; [John Watson]; [Hughes Manford (?)]; [David Watson]; [Isaac Greer]; [James Ralley]; [John Ramage]; [John Glenn]; [John Jones (M L. (?)]; Henry Atwood; James Adair, Sr.; Joseph Adair Jr.; Joseph Adair; Benjamin Adair; Joseph Adair Sr.; James Adair Jr., son of James; [William Adair]; [John Finney]; [John Adair]; [John Adair Sener]; [James Craige]; [William Craig]; [James Howerton]; [Phillip Whitten]; [John Gray]; [John Greer]; [James Montgomery]; Thomas Ewing; William Blake; James Gamble; [Edward Stapleton]; [John Gamble]; [William Huddleston]; [James Huddleston]; [Alexander Adair]; [Benjamin Willson]; [Benja. Goodman]; [Daniel Williams] Suggested identification of the Adairs who signed this petition: 1. Isaac Adair - Killed in Apr. 1781, left widow, Ruth. 2. Jms. Adair - b. 1747, son of' Joseph Adair, Sr.; mar. Rebecca Montgomery. 3. James Adair, Sr. - died before 1796; wife, Eleanor. 4. Joseph Adair, Jr. - Son of above James & Eleanor; wife Sarah. 5. Joseph Adair - died 1812; son of Joseph Adair, Sr. 6. Benjamin Adair - died 1823; son of Joseph Adair, Sr.; wife Nancy. 7. Joseph Adair, Sr. - died 1789-90; wife: Susannah. 8. James Adair, Jr., son of James - son of James Adair & wife Eleanor; died 1818, wife Hannah. 9. William Adair - died 1780-84. Estate administered 1784, Abbe. Wills, p. 10. 10. John Adair - died 1813 in Ga., wife Jane; son of Joseph Adair; grandson of Joseph Adair, Sr. 11. John Adair, Sr. - Killed in 1782, wife Sarah. Abbe. Wills, p. 10. Probable son of Joseph Adair, Sr. {Kerry's note: or maybe James Adair, Sr.} 12. Alexander Adair - Scotch-Irish immigrant in 1767? See Protestant Immigrants to SC - Janie Revill, p. 74. {Note the above suggestions are as provided by Mildred Brownlee. I make the following additions of individuals related to the Adairs: 13. James Gamble - father of William Gamble who marries Martha Adair, daughter of James Adair who was son of James Adair, Sr., the original settler and cooper. 14. Robert Long - Son of Susannah Murdough from her first marriage before she married Joseph Adair the cooper. 15. John Owens - Husband of Mary Long. Mary was the sister of Robert Long and a daughter of Susannah Murdough from her first marriage before Joseph Adair. 16. John Ramage - Husband to Jean or Jane Adair, the daughter of Joseph Adair the cooper and his first wife Sarah Laferty. 17. George Davis - Died 1781- 1783. First husband to Elizabeth Adair, daughter of Joseph Adair, Jr. and Elizabeth ___. 18. James Montgomery - Father to Rebecca who married James Adair, the saddler and son of Joseph Adair the cooper. James' other daughter Isabella married Dr. George Ross who was a physician with many of the above in their East Florida expedition in the early days of the Rev. War. 19. John Jones - There were two John Jones in the area at the time. One was the husband of Hannah Adair, daughter of James and Eleanor Adair. Unsure which John Jones this may be. Our John Jones died before Sep 1788." | Adair, Alexander (I3712)
|
| 3274 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 2. My general notes on the early Colonial Adairs: Migration of Adairs to America began during the early to mid-1700s. They came from the Ulster counties in Northern Ireland, and from Galloway, Scotland, wrote Dr. James Barnett Adair in his 1924 book "Adair History and Genealogy." Adair's studies indicate these Adairs stopped in Maryland, New Jersey, and (in larger numbers) Pennsylvania, later scattering to South Carolina and other southern states. My research does place Joseph Adair in Delaware in association with some legal dealings for the Ramage family in the 1750s and also with a marriage record to his wife Sarah Lafferty. By association, we have assumed his brother James may have been with him there, but this is conjecture without any proof. They were definitely together by the time they arrived in South Carolina in the 1760s. The name Joseph is not the most common first name among Adairs and leads us to assume all Pennsylvania mentions of Joseph Adair in this mid-1700s time period to be our Joseph Adair. Besides the proof of his marriage to Sarah Lafferty, we also have the Lancaster Co., PA, tax record for 1758 showing that the Joseph Adair was a cooper, a profession he also acknowledges later in South Carolina. Adair in his book purports that a Thomas Adair (who came from county Antrim in Ireland about 1730 to Chester County, Pa.) was believed to have three sons (James, Joseph, William) born in Ireland and who traveled to this country as single men. He further indicates Thomas came with his sons to Laurens Co., South Carolina. However, researchers have not found proof to connect a Thomas Adair with James and Joseph Adair who acquired land patents in 1768 on waters of Duncan Creek, which is now in Laurens County, So. Carolina; neither have they found proof of an early Thomas Adair in Laurens Co. East of Adair's settlement in Laurens Co. was the better known Waxhaw Colony, settled by other Pennsylvania Scotch-Irish and of which a William Adair and his son John Adair was a part. This John Adair later achieves note by becoming Governor of Kentucky. There is no proof that James and Joseph of Laurens Co., had a brother William or that this William was that brother. On the other hand, we are somewhat confident that James and Joseph were brothers based on Mildred Brownlee's well-documented work quoted elsewhere in this database. It is also the author Adair's unsupported contention that Thomas was the son of Alexander Adair, and grandson of Rev. Patrick Adair of County Antrim in Ireland. Rev. Patrick married his cousin, Miss Jean Adair, daughter of the first Sir Robert Adair. Rev. Patrick Adair had four sons and one daughter. His third son was Alexander Adair, the father of the supposed pioneer Thomas Adair. He states that the names of Alexander's wife and Thomas Adair's wife are not known. It should be noted that Adair in his book cannot be relied on for these early Adairs since there are many proven errors and Adair fails to document his sources if indeed he had any on these early Colonial American Adairs. We have no proof they came from Scotland or Ireland except for the ethnicity of their surname Adair and that most of the early settlers of upcountry South Carolina were indeed Scots-Irish, a term meaning Scots who migrated from Scotland to Ulster in the 1600's then from Ulster to America from 1717 to the Revolutionary War. There also appears to have been several families that came to S.C. from Pennsylvania that knew each there including the Ramages, Hannas, Ewings, and McCrearys. These same surnames show up in Ulster Ireland. Even though there is no extant immigration record for the Adairs from Europe, there may be some potential information that could be found in following some of these associated families of Ramages, McCrearys, or others overseas to see if they all possibly came together to America. One other large failing in Adair's book is his contention that the earliest James Adair was the famous author and Indian trader; this, however, is very unlikely since our James was a cooper by trade and married to an Eleanor. Also, James the Indian trader was constantly traveling throughout the Colonies and England, which doesn't jive with land transactions of our James in Laurens Co. This same James was fluent in Hebrew and Latin and an accomplished author which seems inconsistent with the other Adairs of Laurens County. It should also be noted that there were many Adairs in various parts of the Colonies in pre-revolutionary America and they were not necessarily closely related. The prename of James was common and not all James Adairs and it can be proven that not all James Adairs in America at that time were the same individual. The name Joseph Adair is much less common. Mildred Brownlee, researcher for Marty Ramage and whom I quote extensively elsewhere in this database of early Laurens Co. Adairs, noted that Joseph Adair was in Lancaster Co., Pa. in 1759 "when he was given power of attorney to sell land" for the Ramage family. Cumberland Co., Pa. showed a William Adaire receiving a 150 acre warranty on 7 June 1750 (Vol. 4, 3rd Series, pg. 627). The date that Joseph Adair arrived in S.C. is unknown, but he is listed with those who united in 1763/1764 to build a house of worship (George Howe, D.D.'s "History of the Presb. church in SC"). Brownlee's research included an article from the June 9, 1896, issue of the "Laurens Advertiser," celebrating the 130th anniversary of the Duncan Creek Presbyterian Church which was "organized in the summer of 1766." Even though I do not accept the following about James Adair the Indian Trader as an ancestor, I include the following from Adair's book for reference only. Adair, in his book, purports that the Indian trader, James Adair, was granted land in the Lauren's Co. area from King George II of Great Britain due to his commercial influence and patronage. This land was beyond the Indian frontier of that time. Supposedly James influenced his father Thomas and his two brothers, William and Joseph, to come from Pennsylvania to settle on the land. In going from the settlements to see this land, they found no roads, no surveys and no white settlements; just a virgin forest, but a beautiful country. So they cut out a road as they went in order that they might find their way out again. After examining the land, and selecting their locations, some of the party went to work to build houses and clear land for cultivation, while others were sent back to Pennsylvania after their livestock which they drove overland on foot from the Susquehanna River to Duncan's Creek. Their corn mill was also brought along and set up for operation by nailing it to a tree. It was something like an old-fashion coffee mill. It was a curiosity to the Indians, who had been accustomed to grind their corn by rubbing it between two stones. This colony obtained their supply of corn the first year by trading with the Indians. [My review of this story is that the land James and Joseph obtained in the 1760s was directly from the South Carolina government and at the same time in conjunction with each other which does not support James granting land to his family. Additionally Adair calls this settlement the Adair Colony which was never its name since Duncan had been the first into that part of the land and it was he that influenced many of his previous acquaintances from Pennsylvania to immigrate to South Carolina. During our country's struggle for independence, Adairs joined the American side from South Carolina with at least ten Adairs in the war. At age 70, Joseph Adair, Sr., was commissary in Col. Casey's Regiment. 3. Various mentions of "Joseph Adair" and "James Adair" in Colonial Pennsylvania records before Joseph traveled the "Great Wagon Road" to South Carolina in the mid-1760s. These are the earliest records that we have thus far on our Joseph Adair in America. Note that the name Joseph Adair is extremely rare and basically non-existent in the earliest Scottish Church records for all of Scotland -- so any mention of Joseph Adair in Colonial Pennsylvania and South Carolina seems to be so far confined to the brother of our James Adair. (In fact any occurence of the name Joseph Adair in Scotland may be the best key to finding the pre-American presence of both James and Joseph in Ireland and Scotland. The name James Adair on the other hand is not uncommon, which complicates our efforts to find our James Adair. I present the following abstracts of early mentions of both Joseph and James in Colonial Pennsylvania to provide context and to see if we can find our early James by following the pre-South Carolina presence of his brother Joseph. While this gives a great picture of Joseph, the references to James seem to show that he was not a real presence in Pennsylvania and that we are probably looking at one or more other James Adairs. It seems to confirm the presence of our James elsewhere, which would be consistent with his activities as an Indian trader. What is interesting is the wealth of references on Joseph, but the scarcity of James Adair, which we may possibly consider to be attributable to his movements as an Indian trader in southeast America.. I find no direct dealings between the two even though we are confident of their brotherly relationship in South Carolina. James only occurs in notes "J" and "N" below. Note also that the date Joseph Adair arrived in South Carolina is unknown, but he is listed with those who united in 1763/1764 to build a house of worship (George Howe, D.D.'s "History of the Presb. church in SC). The June 9, 1896, issue of the "Laurens Advertiser," noted the celebration of the 130th anniversary of the Duncan Creek Presbyterian Church, which was "organized in the summer of 1766." The abstracts: A. 1739 Joseph: Abstracts from Benjamin Franklin's "Pennsylvania Gazette 1728-1748," part 1, p. 216, compiled in 1975 by Kenneth Scott, shows that in 1739 the "following persons have unclaimed letters at Post Office in Philadelphia since November 2 past: Adaire, Joseph." B. 1739 Joseph: www.accessible.com/accessible/text/gaz1/00000033/00003308.htm: January 4, 1739, The Pennsylvania Gazette: List of Letters which have been brought into the Post-Office at Philadelphia, since the 2d of November past, and remain unredeem'd: Joseph Adare, Cooper, phi." (Note: phi=Philadelphia) Comment: This is significant because of the mention of cooper as Joseph's profession. C. 1740 James: "The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine," v. 19 (1952-1954), pp. 303-305, "Register of Baptisms 1701-1746, First Presbyterian Church, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania." The magazine notes: "...the "original of the record is in the Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia. It is published here to complement the Calendar of the Marriages, 1701-1745, in the Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd series, vol. IX... Other publications of contemporary Philadelphia Church Records include the Calendar of marriages from the register of Christ Church (founded in 1695 as the first parish of the Established Church of England), in the Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd series, vol. VIII; the Baptism and Burials of 1709-1760 from the same register in the 'Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,' vols. 12-1 and 1-7 respectively; and a digest of the minutes and registers of Philadelphia Monthly meeting of Friends, in Hinshaw, 'Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy,' vol. II. "In this register of baptisms is found evidence of considerable missionary travelling by the Rev. Jedidiah Andrews, (the first minister, who served from 1698 until his death in May 1747) as far north as Staten island, New York, and south as Cape May, New Jersey. [A list of place names is included and described in the article.]" The two children born to a James Adair: a. Charity, dau. of James Adair, b. 3rd inst., bapt. 6 Jul 1740. b. Jane, dau. of James Adair, b. 28 ult., bapt. 3 Jun 1742. Comment: Note that even though we cannot prove the above James Adair is the same as ours, it is a possibility that needs to be further researched. See note J below for the presence of a different James Adair who died in Bucks County, PA, in 1760 (but without any children listed in his probate). D. 1741: Philadelphia County Administration Book "D," 2 Jul 1737-8 April 1743, page 181: #75: Letter of Administration to John Morrison, of Philadelphia, labourer, and Joseph Adair, of Philadelphia, cooper, administrators of Robert McCleland, 31 Jul, 1741. (Source: Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine, v. 28 (1973-4), p. 261.) Comment: This is significant because of the mention of cooper as Joseph's profession. E. 1743 Joseph: The article "History of Lancaster County's Highway System (From 1714 to 1760)," by H. Frank Eshleman, 1922, p. 64, as reported in the FHL book "Papers Read before the Lancaster County Historical Society," Vol., 24, No. 3: "1743-Road, Unicorn to Kinseyville (Miles Ford): "In pursuance of an order issued at May session 1743 (2 D. 100) a report was made dated July 1 and presented to August Court of a road from a road called Brown's Road in Drumore Township, to Miles Ford on Octorara in Little Britain. It began where the Brown's Road forked toward James Gillepsie's and it took a general southerly course and passing William Montgomery's and passing Samuel Gibson's reached Little Conowingo about 5 miles from starting point. Farther on, it reached Samuel Scott's. It then passed on south by Joseph Adaire's and Robert Gleim's. Farther on about 3 miles by a very crooked course from its crossing over Little Conowingo it intersected the road from Caleb Pennel's to Miles Ford and then followed that road to Miles Ford and on into Maryland. It was reviewed in part a year later in 1744 (2 D. 33) but not greatly changed. Its starting point was about half a mile east of Unicorn and a mile and half west of Puseyville at which place Brown's Mill stood." F. 1747 Joseph: The records of Holy Trinity (Old Swede's) Church, Wilmington, Del, From 1697 to 1773 and Catalogue and Errata of the Records of Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church, Wilmington, Del., from 1697-1773, translated from the Original Swedish by Horace Burr, with an Abstract of the English Records from 1773 to 1810." Reprinted, two volumes in one, for Clearfield Company, Inc. by Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1999: marriage record of Joseph Adare (Adair) and Sarah Lafferty in Sep 1747. G. 1748 Joseph: The article "History of Lancaster County's Highway System (From 1714 to 1760)," by H. Frank Eshleman, 1922, p. 66, as reported in the FHL book "Papers Read before the Lancaster County Historical Society," Vol., 24, No. 3: "1748-Road, Chestnut Level to Peach Bottom. At August sessions 1748, a road was laid out from near Chestnut Level Church running south by east, half a mile and then to a road laid out through a Maryland tract called Slate Hill. Thence it follows the Maryland road, south-east to Conowingo Creek and goes on by an old road leading from Joseph Adair's to Porter's Store. This road, making use of several old roads duplicates roads already laid out (2 D. 105)." Comment: I have a copy of the warrant map as copied from the book "The Warrant Maps of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Including an Every-Name Index," by Geri Gilbert, 2005, Masthof Press, 219 Mill road, Morgantown, PA 19543-9516. H. 1750 Joseph: The book by Ellis, Franklin, and Samuel Evans, "History of Lancaster County, 1883," pp. 848-866, Chapter LVI, Fulton Township: "This township was formed in the year 1844 by a division of Little Britain township; taking its name from Robert Fulton (the celebrated inventor of the steamboat), who was born within its territorial limits. It is bounded on the east by Little Britain; on the south by Mason and Dixon's line, separating it from the State of Maryland; on the west by the Susquehanna River..." The following surnames from Laurens Co., SC, also appear in the same township at the same time: McCrearys, Hannas, and Ewings. Similar information is also from "Pennsylvania Archives," printed in 1897, vol. 24, 3rd Series, pg. 352. There are two Adair entries as follows: i. "Joseph Adair also occupied a large tract in the southeastern section of the township, his survey being returned 422 acres by warrant of Aug. 20, 1750. He sold 287-3/4 acres to Samuel Coulson, Oct. 29, 1764, the balance having been previously transferred to James Hanna. Coulson failed soon after, and the sheriff sold the above (with other land of his) to David Jenkins, Aug. 7, 1767." ii. "Other Land-Warrants issued prior to 1800. - Joseph Adaire, Aug. 20, 1750, 250 acres, next to Michael and Robert Smith; 422 acres acres surveyed, now in Fulton township, near the State line, now belongs to the Jenkinses and others. Included in the above is 134-1/4 acres patented to James Hanna, Nov. 7, 1763. Book AA, vol. iii. page 525, etc." (Also same information is from "Pennsylvania Archives," printed in 1897, vol. 24, 3rd Series, pg. 352.) Comment 1: I have a copy of the warrant map as copied from the book "The Warrant Maps of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Including an Every-Name Index," by Geri Gilbert, 2005, Masthof Press, 219 Mill road, Morgantown, PA 19543-9516. From other sources noted below, Joseph Adair was in the southeastern corner of modern Fulton Twp. An 1864 map of the area on file with me shows several Hannas and Jenkins in that area, which are names with whom he had land dealings. Comment 2: The book "The Ramage Family of Laurens, South Carolina," 1999, Martis D. Ramage, Jr., 4218 Ridgemont Drive, Belden MS, 38826, FHL film 2055402, Item 2, pp. 9-10: "Joseph Adair, father of Jean Adair Ramage. Joseph Adair received a warrant of 259 acres in Little Britain Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in 1750. In 1764, Joseph Adair sold his property in Lancaster County to Samuel Coulson. It should be noted that one of the deeds in Lancaster County (Deed Book 3, page 246) indicates that Joseph Adair's wife was named Sarah (maiden name thought to be Lafferty). Other records in Lancaster County indicate that Joseph Adair's profession was a 'cooper.' Joseph Adair was never listed on a tax list in Lancaster County after 1764." I. 1753 Joseph: The book "Futhey and Cope, History of Chester County," 1881, pp. 162-200, Townships and Boroughs, Etc.; West Fallowfield Taxables, 1753, lists several dozen men including "Joseph Adair." No other Laurens Co., SC, related surnames appear on the list except a James Huston. J. 1753 James: Http://www.pa-roots.com/~chester/taxlists/sadsbury_tas_list_1753.htm shows James Adair on the 1753 list of taxables for Sadsbury Township of Chester County. Chester County was due east of Lancaster County adjoining the State of Delaware. On the same list is Andrew McCleary who may in fact be the Andrew McCreary who was associated with the early Adairs in Laurens Co., SC, in the 1760s. Sadsbury and West Fallowfield are adjoining townships in Chester County and both are right on the county line with Lancaster County. Comments: There is another James Adair that shows up in early records of southeastern Pennsylvania two counties north in Bucks County (Falls township). He is not our James since his probate in Bucks County, Book No. 3, p. 33, indicates a will date of 2 Jul 1760 with a proven date of 19 Nov 1760. His wife was executrix and sole legatee. As reported in the book "Abstracts from the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1748-1755," by Scott and Clarke (FHL 974.811-B38sa), this same James of Falls Twp. shows up four times in 1752 as giving a deposition in a matter dealing with a Richard Perot of Penn's Manor being robbed. Since Bucks County James died in 1760 in Pennsylvania, he would not have been our James who lived two or more decades longer. Subject to the Indian activities of our James in 1753, there is a possibility that the tax list James could be ours due to the proximity to Joseph and Andrew McCreary -- or it may be an earlier appearance of the Bucks County James Adair or even a totally different James Adair. K. 1754-1758 Joseph: FHL book "A New Index Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania before the Federal Census; Volume 3 Index to the 1750 Tax Records," by Gary T. Hawbreaker and Clyde L. Groff. Joseph Adair shows up three times in Little Britain Township: "Joseph Addair, 1754; Adair 1756; 'Cooper' in 1758." This is significant since Joseph's profession in South Carolina is also listed as a cooper. The book notes that Lancaster County was created in 9 Jun 1729 from Chester County. Lancaster originally had 17 townships, which eventually further divided. The southern most township was originally known as Drumore, then it divided in half in 1738 with the southern half known as Little Britain. Little Britain further divided in 1844 with the western half named Fulton. The three southernmost original townships, Martic, Sadsbury, and Drumore were considered the Presbyterian and Quaker area with the northern townships more Germanic. The book notes that these tax records are the earliest available records for Lancaster County after it was founded in 1729. These records are located in the Lancaster County Historical Society. It also notes that many of the Scot-Irish surnames are gone by 1780 since whole congregations of Scot-Irish Presbyterians would migrate down the Great Wagon Road through the valley of Virginia into the upcountry of North and South Carolina. The book also notes the following about Little Britain Township: "The records of 'Little Brittain' begin in 1754 with Jams. Dixson the collector. The next available list is for the 1756 (there are two lists) and John Atchison is the collector. Appeal is to be made "In the Court House" on 20 Dec 1756. John Allison is the collector for 1757." The first settlements in the area were 1714. Comment regarding the land of the "Southern End" from an article appearing in the "Philadelphia Weekly Press," 21 Jun 1872: The principal mineral constituents of the soil of the lower Lancaster county are silica, clay, slate, micaeous earth, and serpentine, ingredients unaided by fertilizers that are anything else then favorable to an abundant yield of farm products. Hence it is plain that our ancestors, unacquainted with our modern fertilizers, were not so successful in acquiring from the products of the farm the accumulated wealth of their German neighbors, who had anticipated the English and Irish emigrant by settling to the north in fertile valleys of the Pequea and Conestoga." L. 1755 Joseph: FHL book "New Castle County Delaware Land Records 1755-1762," by Carol J. Garrett, 1999, notes in the Introduction: "The patent which granted William Penn territory, soon to be called Pennsylvania, was signed by King Charles in 1681. Delaware, as a part of Pennsylvania was referred to as the Lower Three Counties." On p. 102 is noted the following connection between Joseph Adair and the Ramage family: "359. Power of Attorney. 9 Sept 1755. Jannet Tate, John Ramage and Josiah Ramage, all of the Co. of Cumberland in the Province of Penn., yeomen, have ordained our trusty friend, Joseph Adaire of the Co. of Lancaster, yeoman, our true & lawful Attorney for us or either of us, and in our names ... to the lands, tenements and real estate whatsoever belonging to Joseph Ramage, late of Newcastle Co., dec'd, by his last Will and Testament bearing date 30 Dec 1730. Signed: Jannet Ramage, John Ramage, Josias Ramage. Wit: Daniel Clark, William McCall. Rec: 29 Aug 1759 (S1-595)." Comment: From Jett Hanna 10 Jul 2005 in commenting on Joseph Adair with Power of Attorney for the Ramages in Delaware: From the Delaware Archives probate site: Ramage, Joseph - 1754-1756 - New Castle County. It looks to me like Joseph Adair was not involved in a 1730 probate, but rather was given a power of attorney to deal with the estate in 1750s. I'll bet that Josiah was intestate, and they didn't resolve the land title until the 1750s. Joseph Adair is probably appointed administrator in a later probate, maybe this one. M. 1759 Joseph: FHL book 975.11R29m "New Castle County Delaware Land Records 1762-1765," by Carol J. Garrett, 2000, p. 152: "405. Deed. 23 Aug 1759. Jannet Tate (late Jannet Ramage), spinster, John Ramage and Josiah Ramage, all of the Co. of Cumberland in Province of Pennsylvania, yeomen, for the sum of 110 pounds, sold unto Robert Barr of Miln Creek Hun. in Co. of Newcastle on Delaware, farmer, a tract of land in sd place containing 114 acres and 30 perches, together with all and singular, this is whereas Josiah Ramage, late of Miln Creek in sd Co., in his lifetime was seized of a parcel of land situate in sd place, on the north side of the land late of Thomas Brackin (being also a corner of the land late of John Read). It bounded the land late of William Emmit, crossing by the land late of John Brackin to land late of sd Thomas Brackin. It contained 114 acres and 30 perches of land. Then so seized, sd Josiah Ramage made his Last Will dated 30 Dec 1730 and devised (viz) 'to make my two sons (John and Josiah) to come of age of 21. I leave to them all the whole plantation in which I now dwell equally to be divided between them.' Whereas sd Jannet Tate, John Ramage and Josiah Ramage by their letter of Attny dated 29 Dec 1755, did ordain Joseph Adair of the Co. of Lancaster, yeoman, their lawful attorney, they impowered him to sell sd tract of land and premises. Signed: Jannet Tate, John Ramage, Josiah Ramage (by Joseph Adair, their attny). Wit: Thomas McKean, Daniel McConnell. Ack: Aug Term 1759. Rec: 10 Jan 1764. (W1-138)" N. 1763 James: "The Pennsylvania Gazette," 13 Jan 1763, List of Letters remaining in the Post Office in Philadelphia: James Adair, Lancaster County. Comment: As noted in note "J" above, there was an unrelated James Adair in early Pennsylvania whose death is documented in 1760 -- so this entry must pertain to a different and later James. Since James Adair the trader did travel around a bit, it could possibly be our James. Lancaster County is the location of where his brother Joseph was living at this time in Fulton Township. O. 1768 Joseph: "The Pennsylvania Gazette," 4 Feb 1768, List of Letters remaining in the Post Office in Philadelphia: Joseph Adair, Philadelphia. P. 1768 Joseph: "The Pennsylvania Gazette," 28 Apr 1768, List of Letters remaining in the Post Office in Philadelphia: JOS. Adair, Philadelphia. Q. 1769 Joseph: "The Pennsylvania Gazette," 26 Oct 1769, List of Letters remaining in the Post Office in Philadelphia: Joseph Adair, Philadelphia. 4. While I was back in Lancaster, Pennsylvania July 2009 at the Lancaster Historical Society, I was also able to definitively locate the land of Joseph, in Fulton township of Lancaster Pennsylvania. I have a copy on file of the plat map showing the boundaries and neighbors. On google maps, it can be found by doing a search for New Texas, Pennsylvania, which is on highway 222. Follow 222 south to the next intersection with Little Brittain. This intersection is dead center on Joseph's 400+ acres which extends all the way down to almost the Maryland stateline (the Mason-Dixon line). It extends up halfway to New Texas on 222 and up Little Brittain road to Cedar Hill Road. I also took five photos of the land. It is currently part of Amish country and we saw an Amish woman using a push mower to cut the grass along the roadside. The farm area appears to be quite productive. It should be noted that some of the neighbors that eventually show up with the Adairs in Laurens County, SC, are next door neighbors with Joseph in Fulton township (i.e. McCreary, Hanna). 5. From: Shawn & Lois Potter "If you can document each generation of your lineage to Thomas Adair (born about 1775 in Laurens County, SC), who married Rebecca Brown, then you have some very interesting ancestors. According to Margaret Brownlee's manuscript (pp. 17-18), this Thomas Adair was the eldest son of Joseph Adair (born about 1755 or before), who married Sarah ___. This Joseph Adair was a son of James Adair, Sr. (born about 1715 and died before August 2, 1790) and Eleanor ___. This James Adair, Sr. was a brother of Joseph Adair, Sr. (born about 1718 and wrote his will on January 9, 1788), who married secondly Sarah Lafferty, and an uncle of Joseph Adair, Jr. (born about 1745 and wrote his will January 20, 1812), who married Elizabeth ___. All these James Adairs and Joseph Adairs can get very confusing. I am descended twice from James Adair, Sr. and Eleanor ___ and once from Joseph Adair, Sr. and Sarah Lafferty. But, I have a lot more research to do before I will feel like I have them figured out. I think Margaret Brownlee, the author of the manuscript I sent to you, has passed away. She would have been someone to consult." Also from Shawn: "Thanks for your note. I received Margaret Brownlee's manuscript from either Lee Adair (wadair1@tampabay.rr.com) or Jett Hanna (jettplane@aol.com), both of whom have contributed notes to the Ancestry.com bulletin board for the Adair surname. I can only judge Margaret's reliability from my use of this one manuscript. I have noticed a few mistakes that might be described as typos-a few obviously wrong dates and perhaps wrong names in her text. But, on the whole, I am very impressed with her work. She tried to document all her statements and she appears to have gained access to many original records. Her manuscript provides a radically better understanding of these families than existed before her work. Having said that, I do suspect she was wrong about her statement regarding the identity of James Adair the Indian trader. I am not yet certain, but I suspect that James Adair, who married Eleanor, was the Indian trader. I worked for about a year on this question, made some encouraging progress, and then had to take a break from my research. I know it seems unfair to say that I have such a suspicion and then to refuse to explain the basis for my suspicion; but I haven't finished my work yet and I don't have time right now to get back into it. Sorry. I have made a couple of trips to South Carolina to review records there. But, since I live in Virginia and I have other responsibilities, I cannot get down there as often as I would like. Some records are available on-line; but I imagine the answers to these, and other, questions about the Adair family will need to be sought in person in the South Carolina archives. But, I also imagine it will take a good deal of time to go through those records to build a strong case for whatever conclusions the records indicate, because so many of the records provide only a narrow slice of the picture." [Kerry's note: I do not believe James the Indian trader was associated with these Adairs.] 6. From Jett Hanna [jettplane@aol.com] 7 Jul 2005 in speaking of the Old Swede's Church marriage record quote elsewhere in these notes: "I can't be 100% sure it is the same batch of folks, but I think it is. It is also consistent with a couple of later deed records in Pennsylvania for a Joseph Adair, owning land from about 1750 to 1764. Joseph shows up in SC records in 1768 – it was not unusual for it to take these frontier families awhile to get to paper work in Charleston about 200 miles away. If these folks were typical poor Scotch Irish, they had to work, whether as indentured servants or otherwise, for awhile after they got here in order to get their own land. The clues to origin are circumstantial-my recollection is that I've read that the church was one of the few in the area that serviced new immigrants - mostly "Scotch Irish" at the time-because it's members were technically dissenters like the Presbyterians since they were Swedish protestants. They got along just fine with Presbyterians who were mostly passing through to somewhere else. The likelihood that this Adair line can be tracked further, if this is that family, is remote. There aren't ship logs for the immigrations at the time. I've seen lineages that show descent of this line from landholding Adairs in Ulster and Scotland (one even shows descent from Adam!), but find them highly unlikely. Landholders didn't immigrate much at this time; renters subject to rack rents in Ulster did. There were lots Scotch Irish who never made it into records until they got to the US-rich people were in deed, probate and other records, and no immigration records were kept as the British saw the Scotch Irish immigration as getting more Protestants in the American colonies to fight Catholics from France and Spain should the need arise. Church records in Ireland/Ulster were very sparse until late 1700s-there are occasional tax and military records that are useful, but not enough to allow you to track families over generations unless they owned land. Scottish records aren't much better, though in some areas there are Church records as far back as the 1500s. From what I've seen of Scottish and Irish records, there were a lot of Adairs not very closely connected to landholding nobility with the same last name. Unless someone finds a diary of Sarah or Joseph or one of their traveling companions, I don't expect anyone to make the jump across the pond. At best, we might be able to identify a cluster of males with the same family names – Lafferty, Adair, Ramage, etc. – in some type of Irish records, but that will be a monstrous job that may not pay off for years. I've done a little of this kind of work on my Hanna lines, but so far looks very unlikely to yield results." 7. Website http://www.bfhawkins.com/Pages/EarlyRamageRecords.htm 3 Jul 2005 of Brenda Hawkins – notice Joseph Adair and John Ramage in the text below (John Ramage is most likely Joseph Adair's son-in-law): "Josiah Ramage of Newcastle County, Delaware. Land Records: Book G, page 344: Deed between John Jordan of Mill Creek hundred in County of New Castle on the Delaware of one part and Josiah Ramage of same place and county above said yeoman for 38 pounds200 acres of land reference to houses, outhouses, barns, stables, orchards, fields, pasture, ground wood recorded 20 August 1724. It should be noted that William McMechen purchased land on 2 June 1726, consisting of three tracks, one of which was 241 and ¾ acres on the circle adjoining lands of John Jordan, Josiah Ramage and Francis Bridley. Book H, page 186: 1 April 1727 Indenture between Master Thomas Craighead Minister of the Gospel of White Clay Creek meeting house on the one part and (six men including Josiah Ramage, members of the Presbytery meeting at White Clay Creek). On 22 September 1724, Rev. Thomas Craighead was installed as the first regular pastor of the White Clay Creek Presbyterian Church. He was a native of Ireland and had migrated to America in 1715. Book I, page 280: 21 May 1730 Josiah Ramage purchased 114 acres at Public Auction land to Robert Box late of Mill Creek Hundred in New Castle County on the Delaware for 80 pounds. Book S, page 595: Jannet Tate, John Ramage and Josiah Ramage all of the County of Cumberland state of Pennsylvania ... name Joseph Adair of Lancaster County their Attorney 9 Sept. 1755. Book W, page 158: 23 August 1759 Indenture between Jannet Tate, John Ramage and Josiah Ramage all of the county of Cumberland in the province of Pennsylvania of the one part sell 114 acres belonging to the late Josiah Ramage. The will is quoted as Josiah Ramage naming his two sons, John and Josiah to inherit his property when they become of age. 8. Website http://www.bfhawkins.com/Pages/RamageFamily.htm 9 Jul 2005: From: Ruth Ramage McElhaney, author of: Livingston County, Kentucky Ramages, 1802-1994 "...Josiah Ramage of Newcastle County, Delaware. No marriage record for Josiah has been found but his wife's name was Jannet (Jeanette, Jean, Jane) as recorded in a legal document appointing Joseph Adair, Sr. as the administrator of the estate of Josiah Ramage, deceased as of 30 December, 1730... Signing this document were Jannet (Ramage) Tate, John Ramage and Josiah Ramage of Cumberland County, PA. The estate was settled in 1756." [Comment note dated 11 Jul 2005 from Jett Hanna [jettplane@aol.com]: Looked at this more closely...I think the Ruth Ramage McElhaney book probably misstates some of the source material, based on the reports of the deeds and other documents. Joseph Ramage doesn't look to be connected to Joseph Adair, only to Josiah Ramage and his family. Josiah died in 1730, but the family didn't sell the land until the 1750s. I think the only legal document Ms. McElhaney is referring to "appointing Joseph Adair, Sr. as the administrator" is the power of attorney given to Joseph Adair Sr. in 1755. There is no probate for Josiah. What is really important here is that this more firmly ties the Laurens Adairs to being in the New Castle area."] "No marriage record has been found for John and Jean (Adair) Ramage. They probably married in PA about 1755-60... About 1760 Joseph Adair, Sr. left PA and settled near the Waxhaw Colony in SC on the Adair land grant made by the British Crown in 1755. In 1773 John Ramage received a 500 acre grant decreed by King George II of Great Britain. These two grants of land were adjacent and located in the fork of the Enore and Saluda rivers on Duncan's Creek, where John Duncan of Aberdeen, Scotland had settled in 1752. This settlement was made up of Presbyterians from PA and included Beards, Mitchells, Davis, McCrearys, Easts and others. This area was then known as District 96 and later became Laurens County, SC." [Comment from Jett Hanna 10 Jul 2005: "On the 1755 land grant, I will look at details... I think I have searched the SC Archives and council journals pretty well and never found support for Joseph getting a grant this early... I'll review and see when what I call the "Kentucky governor" Adairs got their grants. Not impossible that they could be in NC-boundaries were indistinct at best. I have a deed from PA showing Joseph selling land there in 1764."] 9. From Jett Hanna 10 Jul 2005: I looked a bit at the indexes at the SC Archives on line – seeing stuff I don't remember seeing before that looks pretty important. Looks like there was a petition by Joseph Adair (not sure which, suspect not the elder) seeking reimbursement for his having to give back a forfeited estate. The petition would have been to the legislature, and would have been heard by a committee. Estates of the worst Tories were forfeited at one point, but the final treaty ending the revolution essentially allowed them to keep their property. As a practical matter, most in this position either didn't come back or sold and left. Data is below: View Details - Record: 96 of 224 records. Series: S165015 Year - 1788 Item - 00020 ignore - 00; Date: 1788/10/14; Description: Adair, Joseph, Petition Concerning his Purchase of a Forfeited Estate that Rightfully Belongs to James White, and Asking the House that He may be Refunded his Money. (2 pages) View Details - Record: 104 of 224 records; Series: S165005 Year - 1789 Item - 00011 Page - 00; Date: 1789/03/04; Description: Committee Report on the Petitions of Joseph Adair, Josiah Grier, and William Davis. (4 pages) Also didn't remember that Joseph Adair had a plat on December 22, 1766. That may move back the earliest evidence of him in Laurens area a couple of years. The 1766 plat was for 200 acres, doesn't appear to have a grant or memorial. Probably was replaced by the 250 acre plat. Not uncommon for stuff like that to happen. However, what really catches my eye is the associated Council Journal entry, or lack thereof. He should show up in Council Journals petitioning for a grant prior to the plat being filed. Joseph Adair petitions for 100 acres on December 3, 1766. There is no Joseph Adair petition prior to that. It is possible the 200 ac plat goes with the 100 acre petition, but that would be unusual. The 1766 plat should be examined for two reasons: to see what the petition date is, and to make sure it is in the Laurens area. I don't think I've ever looked at the 1766 plat, but wouldn't be the first brain freeze I ever had. Details below... View Details - Record: 4 of 192 records. Series: S213184 Volume - 0009 Page - 00341 Item - 01; Date: 1766/12/22; Description: Adair, Joseph, Plat for 200 Acres of Craven County. Someone should match up all the Council Journal entries on Adairs to the plats, grants and memorials. The Council Journals aren't as well known - a lot of folks stop at the plat dated and assume that is when the person first arrived. The Council Journals tell the basis of the grant in some cases, i.e. recently arrived, or even the name of the ship they came on. 10. FHL book 975.731 H2b "A Laurens County Sketchbook," by Julian Stevenson Bolick [with my edited notes added in brackets]: Pg. 1: "An early record showing an original grant from George III to an ancestor of the Putnams of Gray Court has Laurens District in Craven County. 'Wallace's History of South Carolina" verifies the fact that a vast tract of land to the south of Virginia had been granted in 1663 by Charles II to eight British lords. Craven County, an extensive region covering most of South Carolina and parts of North Carolina, was a part of this sprawling acreage. In 1719 the people threw off the rule of the lords Proprietors, at which time the rights of the government and seven-eighths of the soil were ceded to the king. A later territorial separation placed Laurens in the Ninety Six District. On March 12, 1785, Laurens was made a separate district by an Act of the General Assembly... "Major Jonathan Downes, a colonial officer, headed a group of influential citizens commissioned to survey the territory. Gentleman Justices serving with Major Downes included James Montgomery [father of Rebecca Montgomery who married James Adair], Silvanus Walker, William Mitcherson and Charles Saxon. After the districting was made legal by the act of legislation, the justices were authorized 'to build and keep in good repair at the charge of the county one good and convenient courthouse with necessary jury rooms and one good and sufficient county gaol together with a pillory, whipping post and stocks..." Pg. 3: "In 1790 the first government census taken after he adoption of the Constitution gave Laurens District 1,395 heads of families, with a total population of 9,337 including Negro freedmen and slaves. Laurens District, at that time, had a larger population than any other district above Newberry, the latter outnumbering Laurens by only a few hundred…" Pg. 4: "The first permanent white settler to come to Upper Carolina is believed to have been John Duncan of Aberdeen, Scotland. He first stopped in Pennsylvania, but as early as 1753 he was known to have been in the Ninety Six District on land bordering a creek later named for him. "On a return to Pennsylvania, Duncan influenced friends to come to Ninety Six and establish homesteads. He brought his own family and a pair of fine stud horses to pull the first wagon ever to roll over soil between the Broad and Saluda Rivers. A lush growth of maiden cane bordering the creek had been the deciding factor for closing out his interests in Pennsylvania. "Two of the settlers to accompany him were David and Charles Little, for whom a community was named later. [David Little, 1767-1812, married Charity Adair]. "Records show early land grants to Andrew McCrary (McCreary), Joseph Adair, Robert Hanna, Thomas Ewing, James Pollock, Thomas Logan and Thomas Craig - all in the group following Mr. Duncan to Carolina." Pg. 5: "Still another friend of John Duncan was Joshua Palmer, a minister, who was so influential in the new community that when he moved to Indiana about 1828 he carried with him several families from his ecclesiastical society… "Robert Long was brought to this country at the age of five months, and at the age of two years was moved from Pennsylvania to the South. Robert's father was a well known construction engineer, who by government contract in 1769 built Fort Charlotte on the Savannah River. [Robert Long, son of Daniel Long and Susannah Murdough; Susannah becomes Joseph Adair, Sr.'s second wife after Sarah Lafferty. Brownlee states Daniel died in 1767; is this a different Robert Long? On the other hand the British built the fort for the French and Indian War, which was 1756-1763 – so the 1769 date could be in error.] "From North Carolina James Williams came, having been attracted to the fertile lands bordering Little River where he pursued farming and engaged in a mercantile business. His plantation was named Mount Pleasant..." [James Williams was the subject of the James Williams Petition that most early Adair men signed.] Pg. 7: "After peace was secured by a vigorous and successful campaign against the Indians in 1761, the backwoodsmen of Carolina, as all people in the territory remote from Charles Town were called, gave their undivided time to replacing the temporary dwellings with more adequate homes. Many of the settlers had stopped in Virginia, but there it was made clear that only those who belonged to the Established Church were welcome; consequently, the ones believing strongly in freedom of worship came on into Carolina. They were principally Scotch-Irish and by no means adventurers..." Pg. 17: "Littlesville: One of the first centers of population in Laurens County was Littlesville on Duncan's Creek. David and Charles Little, mentioned previously in this sketch, had come to this country from 'Doublin,' Ireland. David married Charity Adair, the daughter of a Revolutionary soldier. Members of these two families, the Littles and the Adairs, are buried in the old Duncan's Creek Church cemetery. One of the gravestones bears the inscription 'David Little, a native of Ireland.' It is not known which of the early Adairs was the father of Charity, but the Adairs were in this section, probably as early as were the Little brothers. [Charity was the daughter of Joseph, son of the original Joseph.] Joseph B. [Sr.] came from Ireland in 1711 and died in Laurens County in 1801; Joseph, Jr., [son of Joseph Sr.] was born in Pennsylvania (the state from which John Duncan recruited settlers) in 1733 and died in Laurens in 1812; and John B. was born in Duncan's Creek neighborhood in 1758 and died in Georgia [son of Joseph Jr. and brother to Charity]. Doctor W.S. Glenn of Spartanburg had in his possession in 1930 a map of a very early date which showed a community called Littlesville, about three miles from the historic Duncan's Creek Church. The site is no longer listed even in the crossroad category, the majority of the people from this creek bank settlement having moved to the thriving community of Clinton... Pp. 42-43: "Duncan's Creek Presbyterian: One of the early utilitarian buildings was Duncan's Creek Presbyterian Church in the rural section of Jacks Township. Servants of the John Duncan family had erected a brush arbor about 1753, at which time John Duncan had come into the area. A more permanent building of fieldstones was put up in 1764, and that date is visible in a cornerstone of the presently used building erected in 1842. The date 1764 was retained for historic purposes. The original granite walls, two feet in thickness, and the straight-backed pews of oak attest to the strong faith of the era and of the congregations of that particular church. In recent years the small-outmoded reed organ from the fieldstone church was given to Thornwell Home for children in Clinton, where it is still used on occasions calling for a colonial atmosphere. During the Revolutionary War, the church building served as a place of protection for the people of that area. Often referred to as the mother of Presbyterian churches, it is the oldest church organization in the upper part of the state. Both Lisbon Presbyterian and Clinton First Presbyterian were started as mission extensions of the Duncan's Creek Church. The first minister was the Reverend Hezekiah Balch, year 1776. In the same year John B. Kennedy was ordained and continued as pastor intermittently for fifty years. In 1788 the Duncan's Creek Church became involved in serious difficulties. The majority of the members being canny old Scotchmen, theological discord was instituted over whether to use Rouse's or Watt's version of the Psalms. Sixty-three members seceded to form other churches. Although each plantation had its own burial ground, Duncan's Creek church offered burial plots in its churchyard in 1776. Some of the ancient mounds have lost their identity, but one bearing the marking 'Samuel Long, aged 19 years, November 15th, 1776, is still legible [brother of Robert Long and son of Daniel Long and Susannah Murdough]. Sixteen soldiers of the Revolution are buried in the churchyard. In October of 1964, Duncan's Creek Presbyterian Church observed with appropriate ceremony the two-hundredth anniversary of its founding..." 11. Reviewed the several volumes of "Passenger and Immigration Lists Index" at the SLC FHL. Most all early Adair records are from 1800s or of no value. There are no matching records for the earliest Joseph and James Adair. The records earlier than the Rev. War appear very spotty and incomplete. There are however these Adair entries coming thru Charleston, South Carolina. I don't believe those James are matches to our James; also, no telling what part of the South they may have ended up: Alexdan, 1767, 3627.37 p187 Alice, 1767, 3627.37 p184 James, 1763-1764, 3627.37 p67 James, 1767, 3627.37 p187 Jane, 1763-1764, 3627.37 p67 Jane, 1767, 3627.37 p70 Margaret, 1767, 3627.37 p187 Mary, 1767, 3627.37 p187 12. On file with me are early plats drawings of Duncan Creek prepared by Lee Adair. From Lee Adair 13 Sep 2005 [wadair1@tampabay.rr.com]: "I have platted most of the available deed surveys up to 1846 for the Duncan Creek area of Laurens County using the software Deedmapper. The problems with such deed platting are: 1) surveyors weren't always accurate; 2) the terrain was not perfectly flat. In acquiring all the plats, I also had to acquire all the deed records and land transactions and I now have the Laurens County deed books up to Book O (about 1846). These two sources allowed me to place surveys in about the correct positions on the map. I am aided in this by the several rivers and creeks that run through the county and which are platted on the surveys. If there are any specific plats that you need, I can make copies of them and send them to you. One file (Duncan3.jpg) is included to provide a bearing. In the lower left is what looks like the streets of a city. This is Clinton. The interstate running diagonally across this image is I-26. The Duncan Creek Cemetery is located where the D in the text for Duncan Creek Cemetery is. One of the properties of Joseph Adair (wife Sarah) is in bright blue just to the right and adjoining that of James Adair (bright yellow). It was a SC land grant that he received in 1786. He sold that with the adjoining property of Samuel Ewing that he had purchased to William Holland in 1796. Whether he and Sarah actually lived there is an open question. The bright blue large tract owned by Joseph Adair is that of Joseph Adair Sr. wife Sarah Laferty. There may be additional properties of Joseph Adair and Sarah, but I have not placed them yet. There are a number of Joseph Adair properties in which I don't have a reliable spouse name. As always there is more work to be done." 13. From Lee Adair 16 Oct 2005 with more on the specific James Adair plat just above Joseph Adair, the cooper, who gave part of his land to Joseph his son who married Sarah ___: "The property description for the James Adair plat that I sent is as follows: SC Memorial Book 13, p. 230. 2 Jan 1775. James Adair, Sr., a Memorial on 200 acres in 96 Distr. on Duncins (sic) Creek between Broad and Saludy Rivers, bounded W on John Brotherton; NW on James Montgomery, NW on John McCrary; NW on John Adair; SE on Saml. Ewing. Survey certified 3 Jun 1773; granted 11 Aug 1774. Quit rent in 2 years. John Rodgers, DS. Delivered 14 Aug 1775 to James Adair. 150 acres of this property was later sold to John Jones (wife Hannah) in 1784. The date alone suggests that this is most likely James Adair, wife Eleanor, and this is confirmed by the following two deed book entries: Laurens Co. Deed Book F, p. 10. 24 Feb 1784. James Adair Senior and wife Eleanor to John Jones blacksmith 150 acres.) Witnesses: James Adair sadler, James Adair Jr., James Miller, Roger Brown. We know that this is part of the 200 acre James Adair grant because of the following: Laurens Co. Deed Book F, p. 8. 1 Aug 1795. Hannah Jones (widow of John Jones) & son William Jones to John Craig, 50 acres on Duncan Creek, part of 200 acre grant to James Adair Sr. 11 Aug 1774 (150 acres conveyed in by sd J.A and Eleanor in 1784 to John Jones). Bordering properties: John Montgomery, Alexander Fillson, John Owens. I have attached a zoomed out version of the Duncan Creek plat area." 14. Jett Hanna [jettplane@aol.com] provided me on 8 Jul 2005 with a copy of his analysis of the Brownlee manuscript as follows. It mirrors my own understanding; however, anything with which I disagree I note in [brackets]. Jett entitles his paper as "Laurens County Area Adair Family Trees." It is broken down by three families: James Adair who married Eleanor, his brother Joseph who married Sarah Laferty, and a William of whom absolutely nothing is known except just his name on the Williams Petition and that Brownlee notes he died 1780-84 and that his estate was administered 1784 per Abbe Wills, p. 10. Text quoted as follows: "This tree is based on Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina, by Mildred Brownlee. This was provided to me by W. Lee Adair, who obtained it from the Laurens County Public Library. Handwritten notes show a date of 1990 on Brownlee's manuscript. I have not examined these deeds personally. In some cases, notes and questions below are my own additions. This analysis seems to discredit some of the trees in the Adair History and Genealogy, and adds significantly to what is know of the Laurens area Adairs. I have not fully finished analyzing this work, and may have left out parts that are not as critical to my work. "Based on this work, it appears very possible that the elder Joseph Adair (m. Sarah, m. Susannah) and his brother James (m. Eleanor) settled in Laurens County at the same time, as suggested by the Adair History and Genealogy. I do not believe, however, that this James was the author of the book on the Indians and reputed patriarch of the Cherokee Adairs. This James was a cooper (barrel maker) according to the deeds. Modern editions of the History of the American Indians suggest that the author James Adair was a direct immigrant to South Carolina, but with no concrete evidence. "The Williams Petition: In the tree, LCW is Laurens County Wills; LCD is Laurens County Deeds. Also mentioned is the Williams petition. This petition is a significant document in analyzing the Laurens County Adairs. Published in the South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. XV, No. 1 1987, p. 32-33, the original is #5767, Manuscript Department, Wm. Perkins Library at Duke University. The petition is in support of Colonel James Williams, a militia leader of the Patriots in the Laurens area (Little River Regiment). The petition, signed by members of the Little River Regiment, is directed to the Governor of South Carolina and the Privy Counsel, and attests to Williams' devotion to the Patriot cause. Williams led militia in a number of battles. I suspect that this petition was provided prior to Williams' elevation to the rank of Brigadier General following the Battle of Musgrove Mill, which was fought in what is now Laurens County. Williams had been accused of puffing his role in the battle. Williams went on to die at Kings Mountain - one of the few Patriot casualties that day on October 7, 1780. Williams had run for the South Carolina legislature as a Patriot in 1778, only to lose to Robert Cunningham, the infamous Loyalist leader. For more on Williams, see Draper, "Kings Mountain and Its Heroes," (Cincinnati, 1883). Signers of the Williams petition include the following Adairs: Isaac Adair, Jms. Adair, James Adair, Sr., Joseph Adair, Jr., Joseph Adair, Benjamin Adair, Joseph Adair, Sr., Jame | Adair, Joseph (I3692)
|
| 3275 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 2. This note is now dated and changed per the more updated note above from 2024: The following genealogical summary of the family of James Adair was provided to me from Shawn Potter "James Adair was born probably in Ireland say about 1714. He immigrated to America before 1735. James married Eleanor of the Chickasaw Nation in about 1744. Eleanor was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1726. She was a member of the Panther clan. James died probably in Laurens County, South Carolina, after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died probably in Laurens County after 3 Jan 1803. James and Eleanor were the parents of the following children: 1. James Adair, Jr., was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1748. He married Hannah probably in Laurens County say about 1772. Hannah was born probably in Laurens County on 28 Sep 1750. James died in Laurens County on 18 Aug 1818. Hannah died in Laurens County on 10 Nov 1826. 2. Joseph Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1750. He married Sarah probably in Laurens County say about 1776. Joseph died perhaps in Laurens County after 5 Feb 1804. 3. John Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1754. He married first Ga-Ho-Ga of the Cherokee Nation probably in Laurens County say about 1780. Ga-Ho-Ga was born in the Cherokee Nation say about 1760. Ga-Ho-Ga died perhaps in Laurens County after 7 Feb 1789. John married second Jane Kilgore probably in Laurens County say about 1790. Jane was born probably in Laurens County say about 1773. John died in present-day Oconee County, South Carolina, after 4 Nov 1815 and before 4 Dec 1815. Jane died perhaps in present-day Oconee County after 4 Dec 1815. 4. Edward Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1756. He married first Margaret in Philadelphia on 7 Apr 1784. Edward married second Elizabeth Martin of the Cherokee Nation probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1789. Elizabeth was born probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1769. Edward died probably in present-day Oconee County after 3 Nov 1800. Elizabeth died probably in the Cherokee Nation after 13 Jul 1816. N.B. James and Eleanor had "children" in 1748; and a daughter lived in Georgia between 1788 and 1791." My comments: 1. To this list of children, I would add at least two more children based on my own research. The first is a son named Laferty Adair based on the LDS records of St. George Utah Temple as reported by relatives in the 1870s. The second one is less certain but possible: Hannah who married John Jones, which can possibly be construed but not proven from a land deed. See the notes in this database for both of these individuals for a fuller explanation. For now, I continue to show these two individuals as children of James Adair subject to further research. 2. Before Shawn's new analysis of this family, I had two additional daughters based on my previous (but now less certain) assumption that the James Adair of Pennsylvania was our same James Adair. The following is from "The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine," v. 19 (1952-1954), pp. 303-305, "Register of Baptisms 1701-1746, First Presbyterian Church, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania." The magazine notes: "...the "original of the record is in the Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia. It is published here to complement the Calendar of the Marriages, 1701-1745, in the Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd series, vol. IX... Other publications of contemporary Philadelphia Church Records include the Calendar of marriages from the register of Christ Church (founded in 1695 as the first parish of the Established Church of England), in the Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd series, vol. VIII; the Baptism and Burials of 1709-1760 from the same register in the 'Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,' vols. 12-1 and 1-7 respectively; and a digest of the minutes and registers of Philadelphia Monthly meeting of Friends, in Hinshaw, 'Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy,' vol. II. "In this register of baptisms is found evidence of considerable missionary travelling by the Rev. Jedidiah Andrews, (the first minister, who served from 1698 until his death in May 1747) as far north as Staten island, New York, and south as Cape May, New Jersey. [A list of place names is included and described in the article.]" The two children born to a James Adair: a. Charity, dau. of James Adair, b. 3rd inst., bapt. 6 Jul 1740. b. Jane, dau. of James Adair, b. 28 ult., bapt. 3 Jun 1742. Note that even though we cannot prove the above James Adair is the same as ours, it is a possibility that needs to be further researched. There are mentions of other James Adairs in early Pennsylvania records as evidenced by the following. In each case, note the location of each James Adair in regards to Joseph Adair, the brother of our James Adair, who lived in West Fallowfield Twp. of Chester Co. in 1753 and Lancaster Co. in the early 1760s: a. Http://www.pa-roots.com/~chester/taxlists/sadsbury_tas_list_1753.htm shows James Adair on the 1753 List of Taxables for Sadsbury Township of Chester County. Chester County was due east of Lancaster County adjoining the State of Delaware. On the same list is Andrew McCleary who may in fact be the Andrew McCreary who was associated with the early Adairs in Laurens Co., SC, in the 1760s. Sadsbury and West Fallowfield are adjoining townships in Chester County and both are right on the county line with Lancaster County." The proximity of James and Joseph would seem to indicate this may be our James; however, his activities as an Indian trader in the Chickasaw Nation would seem to be at odds with this. It would seem that this is not the man who dies in Bucks County in 1760 since Bucks County is a bit removed from this area. b. The probate of a James Adair in Bucks County, Book No. 3, p. 33, with a will date of 2 Jul 1760 and a proven date of 19 Nov 1760 (his wife was executrix and sole legatee; note that there was no mention of children including Charity and Jane). Bucks Co. is a couple counties north of Lancaster Co. The 1760 death proves this man is not our man, but the fact that no children are listed in the probate opens up the possibility the children belong to a different James, perhaps even ours (on the other hand maybe the daughters were already deceased or married). c. "The Pennsylvania Gazette," 13 Jan 1763, "List of Letters remaining in the Post Office in Philadelphia": James Adair, Lancaster County. This could very well be our James Adair since his brother Joseph was living in Lancaster Co. Certainly different from the James Adair who died in 1760. He may not have been living there as much as using his brother's address. There is not enough information in this entry to know if this could be the father of the two children Charity and Jane. 3. From: Shawn & Lois Potter Also from Shawn: "Thanks for your note. I received Margaret Brownlee's manuscript from either Lee Adair (wadair1@tampabay.rr.com) or Jett Hanna (jettplane@aol.com), both of whom have contributed notes to the Ancestry.com bulletin board for the Adair surname. I can only judge Margaret's reliability from my use of this one manuscript. I have noticed a few mistakes that might be described as typos -- a few obviously wrong dates and perhaps wrong names in her text. But, on the whole, I am very impressed with her work. She tried to document all her statements and she appears to have gained access to many original records. Her manuscript provides a radically better understanding of these families than existed before her work. Having said that, I do suspect she was wrong about her statement regarding the identity of James Adair the Indian trader. I am not yet certain, but I suspect that James Adair, who married Eleanor, was the Indian trader..." My follow-up note 1 Sep 2015: Since the above was written ten years ago, Shawn and his wife Lois are the authors of a book to be published sometime in the future entitled "Chickasaw Wife and Family of James Adair, Author of the History of the American Indians." The book uses extensive historical documentation and modern DNA analysis to make a persuasive case that James Adair was indeed the Indian trader and author and that Eleanor his wife was a Chickasaw Indian woman. Having contributed to and reviewed working copies of their book, I am convinced. 4. Manuscript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina," compiled by Mildred Brownlee, 1990, copy at the Laurens County Library; Source Records: Wills; Intestate Estates; Deeds; Court Records; Cemetery Inscriptions. Some dates of birth and death obtained from Lineage Charts. Dates of birth and death subject to correction. Spelling of names subject to correction." [Note that bracketed comments are later additions by other reviewers including myself - Kerry Petersen.]: A. "SC Archives, Council Journal 34 p. 39, 2 Feb. 1768 - Petitions for Warrants of Survey: James Adair - 150 a. - Waters of Duncan Creek - granted 1768 (James was noted as James, Sr. up to his death.) Joseph Adair - 250 a. - Waters of Duncan Creek Council Journal 34, p. 236, 7 Dec. 1768 - Petitions to Prolong Warrants: Joseph Adair - 250 a. - on Duncan Creek His 250 a. was granted in 1770 (where Duncan Creek Church now stands). Joseph Adair sold this grant in 1778 to Benjamin Adair. (Deed Bk. A, p. 189) The above is the first record for Joseph Adair, Sr., cooper, found in Laurens Co. [This is incorrect. Joseph Adair petitioned for 200 acres on the Waters of the Santee (Council Journal of 3 Dec 1766, p. 874). The Memorial for this property reads as follows: A Memorial exhibited by Joseph Adair, 200 acres of a Plantation or tract of land contg. 200 acres situate in Berkly County on the So. side of Enoree River on a branch thereof called Millers Creek bounded Ewardly on land of Frances McCall, and on all other sides on vacant land. Survey certified the 7th of March 1769 (Plat Book 9, p. 341) and granted the 2nd day of June 1769 to the memorialist. Quit rent to commence two years hence. SC Memorial Book 8, p. 482. 9 Sep 1769]. James Adair who petitioned for land on the same date as Joseph is possibly the James Adair who married Eleanor and who had died in Laurens Co. prior to 12 Feb. 1796. Early deeds refer to him as James Adair, cooper. His 150 a. grant is evidently the one shown on Union Co. Land Grant map #4 and #12 on a branch of Duncan Creek which is called McCall's Branch on map #4. Other early maps refer to this branch as Miller's Fork. On present day maps it is called Sand Creek ... NE of Clinton, in the area between Hwy. 72 and Hwy. 98. Since available deeds do not make clear the disposition of the above 150 a., there is still some uncertainty that the grant was to James Adair, wife Eleanor; however, it is certain that he was in Laurens Co. 11 Aug. 1774 when he received a grant of 200 a. on a branch of Duncan Creek. Land Grant map #4 says granted in 1770 but deeds say 1774; this grant lying between the main branch of Duncan and Philson's Crossroad, and very near to Joseph Adair, Sr.'s original grant. Since both Joseph Adair and James Adair have been identified as coopers and they both petitioned for land on the same date, it seems logical to think that they were brothers. (Dr. James Adair's History states that James Adair, Indian trader, was a brother of Joseph Adair, Sr.) [Modern DNA research on descendants of the Indian trader James Adair provided me in 2015 by Shawn Potter now substantiates this claim.] Council Journal 34 should be consulted for any other possible information which might be contained in the land petitions of Joseph and James Adair in 1768. The exact year that Joseph Adair arrived in South Carolina has not been determined. He was in Lancaster Co., Pa. in 1759 when he was given Power-of-Attorney to sell land for John, Josiah, and Jennet Ramage. In his History of the Presbyterian Church in SC, George Howe, D.D. states that in 1763 or 1766, Joseph Adair, Thomas Ewing, Wm. Hanna, and the McCrearys had united in building a house of worship. The June 9, 1896 issue of The Laurens Advertiser has an article about the 130th anniversary of Duncan Creek Presbyterian Church which was "organized in summer of 1766." B. "James Adair, Sr., cooper, & Eleanor, his wife. As stated on p. 1, it has not been definitely determined that this James Adair was the one who petitioned for land along with Joseph Adair, cooper, in 1767; however, he has been documented as the James Adair who received a grant of 200 a. on Duncan Creek 11 Aug. 1774. Surety for this grant was certified 3 June 1773, so James Adair was in Laurens Co. before that date, (See Deed Bk. F, pp. 8, 9, 10). He is also considered to have been the James Adair, cooper, to whom John Brotherton and wife, Esther, sold in 1774, 60 a. on a spring branch of Duncan Creek. (See Deed Bk. A, p. 185.) Birth date of James Adair, Sr., cooper, is not known. He died sometime between 24 Feb. 1784 (date of deed to John Jones, blacksmith) and 12 Feb. 1796 (date of deed to which Eleanor, widow of James Adair, dec'd, released her right of dower). Birthdate of Eleanor Adair is unknown; last record of her is also 12 Feb. 1796, release of dower. On 6 Feb. 1792, she was witness to a deed from William Price and wife Margaret, to James Adair, son of James. [Actually Eleanor's last mention is 7 Jan 1803 with her release of dower in a land transaction as reported further below.] James Adair, Sr. left no will in Laurens Co. No estate papers have been located in Laurens Co. Eleanor Adair left no will or estate papers in Laurens Co. Data from Laurens Co. deeds indicate that a son of James and Eleanor was Joseph Adair. Deed Bk. F, p. 109 - 12 Feb. 1796, Joseph Adair, Jr. to Wm. Holland, 120 a. on a small branch of Duncan Creek. N on John McCreary now John A. Elmore, SW by John Adair now Benj. Adair, S by me, a grant of 2 Oct, 1786; the other plantation of 100 a. purchased from Samuel Ewing 16 Dec. 1778, part of 150 a. grant to Samuel Ewing 30 Sept. 1774, Joining the above tract. Joseph Adair, Jr. Wit: B.H. Saxon, JA Elmore, Basil Holland Release of dower: Sarah Adair, wife of Joseph Adair, Jr.; Eleanor (x) Adair. Widow of James Adair, dec'd. (Joseph Adair called "Jr." to distinguish from Joseph Adair, son of Joseph Adair, cooper, who was at that time called Joseph Adair, "Sr.", after the death of his father in 1789.) Deed Bk, G, p. 570 - 7 Jan. 1803, Joseph Adair, planter, to John Daniel Kern of Charleston, merchant, 86 a. on N side of Duncan Creek, adj. said J. D. Kern. N 10, W 40, S 30, etc., on Joseph Adair line, S 80, E ??, etc. on Mistres ?Musgrove (seems to be error for "Mistress Montgomery"). Joseph Adair Wit: Thomas Martin, Tailor; William Dabbage Release of Dower: Sarah Adair, wife of Joseph Adair, Jr.; Eleanor (x) Adair, widow of James Adair, dec'd." 5. James Williams Petition listing the Adair family Patriots. Note that Thomas Adair's parents are the ones listed as number 4 (Joseph and Sarah) and his grandparents are number 3 (James and Eleanor). Most of the other Adairs were brothers or cousins. The petition has come to me from Mildred Brownlee's manuscript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina" and also from the "South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research," vol. 15, p. 32. James Williams was one of the most reknown Patriots of the Laurens area and this listing of signers of the petition of the area gives us a good source of patriots also associated with him. Col. James Williams and Capt. Josiah Greer were also military leaders of many of these same individuals during the 1778 American invasion of British East Florida per the source of Doctor George Ross' medical reimbursement papers quoted in this database under Rebecca Montgomery's notes. The source of this petition is Item #5767, Manuscript Dept., Wm. M. Perkins Library at Duke University, Durham NC, submitted by Mrs. Mary Ann McCrary and published with permission of the Manuscript Dept. This petition pre-dates the Battle of Kings Mountain (7 Oct 1780), as Col. James Williams was killed at that time. [NB: a second version of the petition was located in the South Carolina Library in 1999 and the gaps in the Duke University petition were filled in as indicated by brackets.] {Any notes or comments added by me are in these brackets.} "To his Excellen[cy John Rutledge, E]sq. Governor & Commander in Chief in & [over th]e state of South Carolina, the Honourable the privy Counsel, the Honourable the Senate & House of Representatives in General Assembly. Whereas we (the zealous friends to our country, and to all who love and distinguish themselves in her cause) do understand & are exceeding sorry to hear that there are false & [evilly designing] Accusations either lying on or about to shortly be laid against James Williams, our present Colonel in & over Little River Regiment, and designed (as we believe) by the private Enemies of our country to deprive us of so worthy a friend of his Country in general a good officer to us in particular & thereby do a very singular Piece of Service to the common enemies of America. We do briefly & anxiously remonstrate this: that we experimentally know Colo. James Williams to have been a zealous Patriot from the commencement of the America contest with Briten; and to have always stood foremost in every occasion when called upon to the defence of his country. We do further declare that we have never known said Colo. [Jas.].Williams to distress any individuals in the Regiment who voluntarily & judiciously, when legally called upon and commanded to the field, have turned out in the Defence if their Native Rights & Privileges together with that of their Country; & we do avow it from our knowledge, that whensoever Colo. Jas. Williams either directly or indirectly executed any distressing things, it was upon the stubborn & refractory, whose practices of obstinacy declare them inimical to their country: & and that this he did, as being last promissing Effort to reduce them to the dutiful obedience of loyal & fellow citizens. Without delaying you; we your humble Petitioners do earnestly beg that you will hear this our faithful Remonstrance & proceed with our respected Colo. James Williams & all such unjust & disaffected Clamours as may come before you against him, as your superior Judgements may direct: only begging leave to conclude with this one Remark, that doubtless you know that such clamours are frequently the necessary Effect of Disaffection to the Country. [Signed:] Robt. McCrery Lt. Colo.; George Davis, Capt.; Matthew McCrar[e]y, Lt.; George Young; Matthew Cunningham; Andrew McCrary; James Greer; [James Dillard]; [John Owens]; [Samuel Ewing]; [William Davis]; [Absolom Filby]; [John McCrary Sener]; [John McCrary Juner]; [Robert Long]; [Matthew McCrary]; [William Bean]; [John Williams J.P {note J.P. is crossed out}]; [Wm. Arthur Capt.]; Josiah Greer; Joseph Ramage; John Robinson; John Bourland; John Greer Juner; Isaac Adair; Jms. Adair; [Thos McCrery J.P.]; [James Ones]; [Andrew Ones]; [John Watson]; [Hughes Manford (?)]; [David Watson]; [Isaac Greer]; [James Ralley]; [John Ramage]; [John Glenn]; [John Jones (M L. (?)]; Henry Atwood; James Adair, Sr.; Joseph Adair Jr.; Joseph Adair; Benjamin Adair; Joseph Adair Sr.; James Adair Jr., son of James; [William Adair]; [John Finney]; [John Adair]; [John Adair Sener]; [James Craige]; [William Craig]; [James Howerton]; [Phillip Whitten]; [John Gray]; [John Greer]; [James Montgomery]; Thomas Ewing; William Blake; James Gamble; [Edward Stapleton]; [John Gamble]; [William Huddleston]; [James Huddleston]; [Alexander Adair]; [Benjamin Willson]; [Benja. Goodman]; [Daniel Williams] Suggested identification of the Adairs who signed this petition: 1. Isaac Adair - Killed in Apr. 1781, left widow, Ruth. 2. Jms. Adair - b. 1747, son of' Joseph Adair, Sr.; mar. Rebecca Montgomery. 3. James Adair, Sr. - died before 1796; wife, Eleanor. 4. Joseph Adair, Jr. - Son of above James & Eleanor; wife Sarah. 5. Joseph Adair - died 1812; son of Joseph Adair, Sr. 6. Benjamin Adair - died 1823; son of Joseph Adair, Sr.; wife Nancy. 7. Joseph Adair, Sr. - died 1789-90; wife: Susannah. 8. James Adair, Jr., son of James - son of James Adair & wife Eleanor; died 1818, wife Hannah. 9. William Adair - died 1780-84. Estate administered 1784, Abbe. Wills, p. 10. 10. John Adair - died 1813 in Ga., wife Jane; son of Joseph Adair; grandson of Joseph Adair, Sr. 11. John Adair, Sr. - Killed in 1782, wife Sarah. Abbe. Wills, p. 10. Probable son of Joseph Adair, Sr. {Kerry's note: or maybe James Adair, Sr.} 12. Alexander Adair - Scotch-Irish immigrant in 1767? See Protestant Immigrants to SC - Janie Revill, p. 74. {Note the above suggestions are as provided by Mildred Brownlee. I make the following additions of individuals related to the Adairs: 13. James Gamble - father of William Gamble who marries Martha Adair, daughter of James Adair who was son of James Adair, Sr., the original settler and cooper. 14. Robert Long - Son of Susannah Murdough from her first marriage before she married Joseph Adair the cooper. 15. John Owens - Husband of Mary Long. Mary was the sister of Robert Long and a daughter of Susannah Murdough from her first marriage before Joseph Adair. 16. John Ramage - Husband to Jean or Jane Adair, the daughter of Joseph Adair the cooper and his first wife Sarah Laferty. 17. George Davis - Died 1781- 1783. First husband to Elizabeth Adair, daughter of Joseph Adair, Jr. and Elizabeth ___. 18. James Montgomery - Father to Rebecca who married James Adair, the saddler and son of Joseph Adair the cooper. James' other daughter Isabella married Dr. George Ross who was a physician with many of the above in their East Florida expedition in the early days of the Rev. War. 19. John Jones - There were two John Jones in the area at the time. One was the husband of Hannah Adair, {possible} daughter of James and Eleanor Adair. Unsure which John Jones this may be. Our John Jones died before Sep 1788." 6. Jett Hanna [jettplane@aol.com] provided me on 8 Jul 2005 with a copy of his analysis of the Mildred Brownlee manuscript as follows. His analysis mirrors my own understanding; however, anything with which I disagree I note in [brackets]. Jett entitles his paper as "Laurens County Area Adair Family Trees." It is broken down by three families: James Adair who married Eleanor, his brother Joseph who married Sarah Laferty, and a William of whom absolutely nothing is known except his name on the Williams Petition, Brownlee's note that he died 1780-84, and that his estate was administered 1784 per Abbe Wills, p. 10. Text quoted as follows: "This tree is based on 'Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina,' by Mildred Brownlee. This was provided to me by W. Lee Adair, who obtained it from the Laurens County Public Library. Handwritten notes show a date of 1990 on Brownlee's manuscript. I have not examined these deeds personally. In some cases, notes and questions below are my own additions. This analysis seems to discredit some of the trees in the 'Adair History and Genealogy,' and adds significantly to what is known of the Laurens area Adairs. I have not fully finished analyzing this work, and may have left out parts that are not as critical to my work. "Based on this work, it appears very possible that the elder Joseph Adair (m. Sarah, m. Susannah) and his brother James (m. Eleanor) settled in Laurens County at the same time, as suggested by the 'Adair History and Genealogy.' I do not believe, however, that this James was the author of the book on the Indians and reputed patriarch of the Cherokee Adairs. This James was a cooper (barrel maker) according to the deeds. Modern editions of the History of the American Indians suggest that the author James Adair was a direct immigrant to South Carolina, but with no concrete evidence. [Recent DNA analysis conducted by Shawn Potter as of 2015 shows that in fact James Adair, the Indian trader and author, is the same James Adair married to Eleanor and brother of Joseph Adair.] "The Williams Petition: In the tree, LCW is Laurens County Wills; LCD is Laurens County Deeds. Also mentioned is the Williams petition. This petition is a significant document in analyzing the Laurens County Adairs. Published in the South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. XV, No. 1 1987, p. 32-33, the original is #5767, Manuscript Department, Wm. Perkins Library at Duke University. The petition is in support of Colonel James Williams, a militia leader of the Patriots in the Laurens area (Little River Regiment). The petition, signed by members of the Little River Regiment, is directed to the Governor of South Carolina and the Privy Counsel, and attests to Williams' devotion to the Patriot cause. Williams led militia in a number of battles. I suspect that this petition was provided prior to Williams' elevation to the rank of Brigadier General following the Battle of Musgrove Mill, which was fought in what is now Laurens County. Williams had been accused of puffing his role in the battle. Williams went on to die at Kings Mountain -- one of the few Patriot casualties that day on October 7, 1780. Williams had run for the South Carolina legislature as a Patriot in 1778, only to lose to Robert Cunningham, the infamous Loyalist leader. For more on Williams, see Draper, "Kings Mountain and Its Heroes," (Cincinnati, 1883). Signers of the Williams petition include the following Adairs: Isaac Adair, Jms. Adair, James Adair, Sr., Joseph Adair, Jr., Joseph Adair, Benjamin Adair, Joseph Adair, Sr., James Adair, Jr, son of James, William Adair, John Adair, and John Adair, Sr., and Alexander Adair. Comparing deed and will records to the names, Brownlee identifies the Adair signers [copies Brownlee's explanations]. Brownlee's identifications look very logical to me. "The Laurens County Adair Tree: 1. James Adair m. Eleanor: 150a land grant to James Adair-same date as Joseph 250a. Both referred to in records as coopers (barrel makers). James, cooper in LCD F/8,9,10, A/185. Eleanor released right of dower on deed dated 2/12/1796; date of transfer by James was 2/24/1784. Which deeds correspond with which dates? See Joseph below. Eleanor was also witness on deed from William Price and wife, Margaret to James Adair, son of James, 2/6/1792. 1.1 Joseph Adair m. Sarah Dillard [Surname Dillard is a Jett addition and I don't believe proven even though many LDS lines also use but again never with documentation.]: Joseph Adair, Jr. to Wm. Holland, 120 ac. Release of dower by Sarah, wife of Joseph Jr., and Eleanor, widow of James Adair, dec'd, LCD F/109. Suggests land owned by James m. to Eleanor, but how does it correspond to land grants? If land belonged to Joseph junior by intestacy laws, why wasn't James m. to Hannah on deed, too? LCD G/570 has dower release for Sarah Adair, wife of Joseph. 1.1.1 Thomas Adair m. Rebecca Brown: LCD H/22, Joseph Adair of Duncan Creek to eldest son Thomas Adair. Witness Jane Adair. Dower releases for Rebecca in LCD H/129, H/209, and land purchased H/228. 1.1.2 ?Hannah m. John Jones: see F/8,9,10. 8 & 9: 8/1/1795. 10: 2/25/1784. F/10 is deed from James Sr. and wife Eleanor to John Jones, has witnesses James Adair, saddler, and James Adair, Jr. [Without giving a reason, Jett places Hannah as a possible daughter of Joseph, son of James -- this is probably because Brownlee indicates she believes her to be a daughter of the original James and Eleanor which would make her a sister to Joseph son of James. This appears to be speculative based on the deed her husband had involving the Adairs.] 1.2 James Adair m. Hannah: Corresponds to James son of James in the Williams petition per Brownlee. James m. Rebecca had a son James, but probably not old enough to sign petition as James m. Rebecca born 1747 per Indiana tombstone. Petition 1780 would mean James m. Rebecca was 33 in 1780; doubtful his son James could be of fighting age. Compare to Adair compilation. LCD M/77-78 reports death of James Adair, Sr., widow Hannah. Hannah Adair's will LCW F/65, proven 1826. James 115(2) 1790 Census. 2 daughters not accounted for. James Jr. was under 16 according to this census. 1.2.1 Elizabeth m. James? Parlmore (Palmer): LCD M/77-78. 1.2.2 Mary m. John Prather: LCD M/77-78. 1.2.2.1 Susannah Prather (Prater?): Witness on will of Hannah LCW F/65. 1.2.2.2 Hannah Prather m. Joseph Dollar 1.2.2.3 Linny m. William Prather 1.2.2.4 Archibald m, Susannah Meadors 1.2.2.5 Martha Prather 1.2.2.6 Betsy/Priscilla Prather m. Daniel Owens 1.2.2.7 James Prather 1.2.2.8 Mary (Molly) Prather 1.2.2.9 Bryce Prather 1.2.2.10 Elinor Prather 1.2.3 Nelly (Eleanor) m. Ramage: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.3.1 Benjamin Ramage 1.2.3.2 John Jewell Ramage 1.2.3.3 Washington Ramage 1.2.4 James Adair Jr.: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.5 Hannah m. Rueben Meadors: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.6 Susannah m. William Cassels (Castles): LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.7 Nancy m. Willis Langston: LCD M/77-78, LCW F/65. 1.2.8 Martha m. Wm. Gamble: LCD M/77-78. 1.2.8.1 Patsey Gamble: LCW F/65." 7. FHL book 975.731 H2b "A Laurens County Sketchbook," by Julian Stevenson Bolick provides a good historical background of Laurens County, South Carolina [with my edited notes added in brackets]. This background assists in better dating our Adairs and in sorting out some published errors in other sources: Pg. 1: "An early record showing an original grant from George III to an ancestor of the Putnams of Gray Court has Laurens District in Craven County. "Wallace's History of South Carolina" verifies the fact that a vast tract of land to the south of Virginia had been granted in 1663 by Charles II to eight British lords. Craven County, an extensive region covering most of South Carolina and parts of North Carolina, was a part of this sprawling acreage. In 1719 the people threw off the rule of the Lords Proprietors, at which time the rights of the government and seven-eighths of the soil were ceded to the King. A later territorial separation placed Laurens in the Ninety Six District. On March 12, 1785, Laurens was made a separate District by an Act of the General Assembly… "Major Jonathan Downes, a colonial officer, headed a group of influential citizens commissioned to survey the territory. Gentleman Justices serving with Major Downes included James Montgomery [father of Rebecca Montgomery who married James Adair. Jr.], Silvanus Walker, William Mitcherson and Charles Saxon. After the districting was made legal by the act of legislation, the justices were authorized 'to build and keep in good repair at the charge of the county one good and convenient courthouse with necessary jury rooms and one good and sufficient county gaol together with a pillory, whipping post and stocks…" Pg. 3: "In 1790 the first government census taken after the adoption of the Constitution gave Laurens District 1,395 heads of families, with a total population of 9,337 including Negro freedmen and slaves. Laurens District, at that time, had a larger population than any other district above Newberry, the latter outnumbering Laurens by only a few hundred. Pg. 4: "The first permanent white settler to come to Upper Carolina is believed to have been John Duncan of Aberdeen, Scotland. He first stopped in Pennsylvania, but as early as 1753 he was known to have been in the Ninety Six District on land bordering a creek later named for him. "On a return to Pennsylvania, Duncan influenced friends to come to Ninety Six and establish homesteads. He brought his own family and a pair of fine stud horses to pull the first wagon ever to roll over soil between the Broad and Saluda rivers. A lush growth of maiden cane bordering the creek had been the deciding factor for closing out his interests in Pennsylvania. "Two of the settlers to accompany him were David and Charles Little, for whom a community was named later. [David Little, 1767-1812, married Charity Adair]. "Records show early land grants to Andrew McCrary (McCreary), Joseph Adair, Robert Hanna, Thomas Ewing, James Pollock, Thomas Logan and Thomas Craig - all in the group following Mr. Duncan to Carolina." Pg. 5: "Still another friend of John Duncan was Joshua Palmer, a minister, who was so influential in the new community that when he moved to Indiana about 1828 he carried with him several families from his ecclesiastical society… "Robert Long was brought to this country at the age of five months, and at the age of two years was moved from Pennsylvania to the South. Robert's father was a well-known construction engineer, who by government contract in 1769 built Fort Charlotte on the Savannah River. [Robert Long, son of Daniel Long and Susannah Murdough; Susannah becomes Joseph Adair, Sr.'s second wife after Sarah Lafferty. Brownlee states Daniel died in 1767; is this a different Robert Long? On the other hand the British built the fort for the French and Indian War, which was 1756-1763 - so the 1769 date could be in error.] "From North Carolina James Williams came, having been attracted to the fertile lands bordering Little River where he pursued farming and engaged in a mercantile business. His plantation was named Mount Pleasant..." [James Williams was the subject of the James Williams Petition that most early Adair men in Laurens County signed.] Pg. 7: "After peace was secured by a vigorous and successful campaign against the Indians in 1761, the backwoodsmen of Carolina, as all people in the territory remote from Charles Town were called, gave their undivided time to replacing the temporary dwellings with more adequate homes. Many of the settlers had stopped in Virginia, but there it was made clear that only those who belonged to the Established Church were welcome; consequently, the ones believing strongly in freedom of worship came on into Carolina. They were principally Scotch-Irish and by no means adventurers…" Pg. 17: "Littlesville: One of the first centers of population in Laurens County was Littlesville on Duncan the Adairs, are buried in the old Duncan's Creek Church cemetery. One of the gravestones bears the inscription 'David Little, a native of Ireland.' It is not known which of the early Adairs was the father of Charity, but the Adairs were in this section, probably as early as were the Little brothers. [Charity was the daughter of Joseph, son of the original Joseph Adair the cooper.] Joseph B. [Sr.] came from Ireland in 1711 and died in Laurens County in 1801; Joseph, Jr., [son of Joseph Sr.] was born in Pennsylvania (the state from which John Duncan recruited settlers) in 1733 and died in Laurens in 1812; and John B. was born in Duncan's Creek neighborhood in 1758 and died in Georgia [son of Joseph Jr. and brother to Charity]. Doctor W.S. Glenn of Spartanburg had in his possession in 1930 a map of a very early date which showed a community called Littlesville, about three miles from the historic Duncan's Creek Church. The site is no longer listed even in the crossroad category, the majority of the people from this creek bank settlement having moved to the thriving community of Clinton… Pp. 42-43: "Duncan's Creek Presbyterian: One of the early utilitarian buildings was Duncan's Creek Presbyterian Church in the rural section of Jacks Township. Servants of the John Duncan family had erected a brush arbor about 1753, at which time John Duncan had come into the area. A more permanent building of fieldstones was put up in 1764, and that date is visible in a cornerstone of the presently used building erected in 1842. The date 1764 was retained for historic purposes. The original granite walls, two feet in thickness, and the straight-backed pews of oak attest to the strong faith of the era and of the congregations of that particular church. In recent years the small-outmoded reed organ from the fieldstone church was given to Thornwell Home for children in Clinton, where it is still used on occasions calling for a colonial atmosphere. During the Revolutionary War, the church building served as a place of protection for the people of that area. Often referred to as the mother of Presbyterian churches, it is the oldest church organization in the upper part of the state. Both Lisbon Presbyterian and Clinton First Presbyterian were started as mission extensions of the Duncan's Creek Church. The first minister was the Reverend Hezekiah Balch, year 1776. In the same year John B. Kennedy was ordained and continued as pastor intermittently for fifty years. In 1788 the Duncan's Creek Church became involved in serious difficulties. The majority of the members being canny old Scotchmen, theological discord was instituted over whether to use Rouse's or Watt's version of the Psalms. Sixty-three members seceded to form other churches. Although each plantation had its own burial ground, Duncan's Creek church offered burial plots in its churchyard in 1776. Some of the ancient mounds have lost their identity, but one bearing the marking 'Samuel Long, aged 19 years, November 15th, 1776, is still legible [brother of Robert Long and son of Daniel Long and Susannah Murdough]. Sixteen soldiers of the Revolution are buried in the churchyard. In October of 1964, Duncan's Creek Presbyterian Church observed with appropriate ceremony the two-hundredth anniversary of its founding…" 8. "South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research," vol. 13, pp. 213-218, "Memories of Laurens County," contributed by Mary A. Seyle, CGRS. The selected entries below give additional good history on the establishment Laurens County. : "Wallace in his 'History of South Carolina" tells us that as early as 1731 the king sought to interest colonists for Carolina and other provinces where the older settlements were in danger of attacks by the Indians. It has been stated that many settlers came to South Carolina at the close of the French and Indian Wars. However, there were already a number of settlers in the Laurens area and other communities before Braddock's defeat in 1755. That is also the year when Governor James Glen concluded a treaty with the Cherokees whereby the Indians ceded to the crown all the land south of the old Indian line, thus making room for more settlers. They came down from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and from countries overseas. They came, they inspected, they admired, and a goodly number settled in Carolina, quite a number in present Laurens County. The earliest settler of Laurens County, we are told, was one John Duncan, who came from Aberdeen, Scotland, to Pennsylvania. He then visited South Carolina for a while, in 1742, and later, about 1751 returned to South Carolina with his family and some friends. Other early settlers whose names still may found in the area came down after Duncan. John Craig from Ireland was granted a tract along the Enoree River. John Kern came from England; Frederick Kern, from Germany... At this time, while the settlers were busy establishing homes, cultivating new land, and dealing with the Indians who were no longer so friendly as they had been, another trouble kept them busy. The lawless element that is present in any new community appeared in upper South Carolina, stealing stock, robbing and murdering, when the colonists sought to protect themselves, and generally adding to the hardships the new community had endured. The responsible citizens finally took matters in their own hands and formed bands of Regulators, as they called themselves, meting out what they considered just punishment. The lawless ones retaliated, sometimes the inhabitants were sued by the outsiders, there were incidents of violence, and the honest men suffered. After many protests, the citizens of the upper part of the province made their voice heard. They felt that as subjects of the king, they were entitled to the same rights and privileges as other free Englishmen, and asked for themselves and their families schools, churches, and a part in the government of their community. A justifiable compliant of the up-country was that all courts sat in Charleston, all cases were tried there, and no lawyer was allowed to practice unless he had 'been admitted to the bar by the Court of Common Pleas of Charleston, or any attorney of that court, and a resident of this Province.' Travel was slow in the 18th century, and it was a long trip for a man to take from the upper part of the province to Charleston even to be admitted to the bar, and a very long way to go to register a deed or transact any legal business. Eventually vigorous protests were heeded, and under the Court Act of 1769 entitled 'An Act for the More Convenient Administration of Justice in this Province,' courts were established, rules for the election or appointment of sheriffs and other officials were laid down, the and duties of the judges were clarified. Jails were built, and dates for the sitting of the courts were set. At Ninety-Six, the court house town for the area now Laurens County, courts were to sit on the 15th of April and November. If Court Day fell on a Sunday, the court was to begin the following day... Having won her independence and the Treaty of Paris having been formally signed in 1783 (although the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781 virtually ended the fighting) South Carolina now turned her attention to internal orgainization and development. No longer a province, but now a state, she busied herself laying out counties, building court houses and setting up her own government. And with a very few exceptions all of our counties were created after the close of the Revolution. Laurens County was created... 12 March 1785... Six counties for the district ... called Ninety Six... Charles Woodmason, an Anglican missionary to the 'wilds of South Carolina' in his book 'Carolina Up Country before the Revolution' takes a very pessimistic view of the manners and morals of this part of the state prior to and shortly after the Revolution. However, the records show several churches in the present Laurens County before the Revolution. John Duncan who was the first settler in Laurens is said to be responsible for the first Presbyterian Church in the county. He is the man from whom the area Duncan's Creek is named, having settled there about 1751. As early as 1764, he erected a 'brush arbor' where those who wished to worship could assemble for their services. Later he had a meeting house erected. The arbor was actually used before the church itself was built, and that is said to date from 1764. Hazel Crowson Sellers of North Carolina in her book on 'Old South Carolina Churches' says that John Duncan was joined by his friends Joseph Adair and Robert Long, both of whom were Revolutionary War soldiers, and that Hezekiah Balch held services at Duncan's Creek as early as 1752. Joseph Palmer, a minister, is also said to have been a friend of John Duncan, and was so popular that when he went to Indiana in 1828 a number of the old friends followed him. The present building at Duncan's Creek is said to be the third erected on the lot, having been built in 1842, and earliest known grave is that of Susannah Long, dated in 1776. A number of soldiers went from this church to fight in the patriot's cause..." 9. The following two quotes are general background information of the larger Scots-Irish migration to America and the South. We know of James Adair's presence in the Southeast and it may have been his influence that helped spur his brother Joseph Adair to migrate south to Laurens County. Alternately is it possible that Joseph was part of the larger Scots-Irish migration pattern to this part of South Carolina that enticed James to settle down with him? A. The book "The Howard Leytham Stoker Von Dollen Family Histories," FHL 929.273 H833a, by Doris Lewis, 2017 So. 80th Ave., Omaha, Nebraska, 68124, p. 5: "National origins from the 1790 US Census: English 60%, Scotch Irish 9.5%, and German 8.6%. [Accompanying map shows Scots-Irish in the frontier portion or western portions of the states of SC, NC, and VA with a smattering in northern GA and southwestern PA. The Germans are concentrated in south-central PA, western MD, northwestern VA, and with a smattering in central SC and NY. The English are generally coastal.] The Scotch-Irish were used in the old country and again in the new, as 'borderers'. They were fighting families sent out to hold a frontier against aliens. In 1641, 120,000 Scots had been planted in Ulster [Ireland]. In the 1750's, 12,000 came yearly to America, and by 1770, that number grew to 25,000 to 30,000. They were the hardiest and boldest of all immigrants. In 1764, 1000 Scotch-Irish wagons passed through Salisbury, South Carolina, on the way to the mountains." B. The book "A History of the Baptists," by Robert G. Torbet, p. 228: "The central and western counties of North Carolina were fertile soil for evangelism, with twenty to thirty thousand inhabitants in 1755, followed by a steady stream of settlers who were attracted there by land grants and the state of freedom existing there." 10. Excerpts of "Adairs" from the book "Laurens County South Carolina - Minutes of the County Court, 1786-1789," by Brent H. Holcomb, SCMar, Columbia, South Carolina, 2004. The book notes: "This is a record that has only been recently found after being lost for so many years. It is incomplete missing the first 54 pages, pages 103-126, and an unknown number of pages at the end of the volume. There is at least one other volume, still missing, covering the years 1790-1799. The "Minutes" are small court cases, lists of deeds presented to be recorded, applications for administrations on estates and wills proved (beginning in 1787), jury lists, petitions of various kinds, appointments for various offices, apprenticeships, estray animals tolled, and other items. The cases heard for debt or damages could not exceed £50, and cases heard for personal damages could not exceed £20. Criminal cases heard could not call for the loss of life or corporal punishment. Larger court cases were heard in the district courts, such as Ninety-Six." The Adair records mention mainly James and Joseph Adair - the only problem was there were at least three Josephs and three James who were all adults at the same time as these court records. The two original brothers/settlers, James and Joseph Adair, were in the Laurens County area by the early 1760s. James was born ca 1715 and died in Laurens Co. sometime between 1784 and 1796. Joseph was born ca. 1718 and died after Jan 9, 1788 when his will was written. James had at least two sons who were alive in the time period of these court records: Joseph (ca. 1745 - ca. 1820) who married Sarah and James (1752-1818) who married Hannah. The other original brother, Joseph whose first wife was Sarah Lafferty and second wife Susannah Murdough, widow of Daniel Long, had at least three sons, Joseph (1735-1812), James (1747-1831) whose trade is noted as "saddler", and Benjamin (1752/1754-1823/1825). Generally speaking, the eldest living Adair of a given name was given the suffix of Sr. or no suffix at all while the younger Adairs were noted as Jr. or "son of" - in some cases an uncle could be a "Senr. The citations could be a mix of all. The following are just the James Adair quotations: Pg. 63, 16 Mar 1786: "A Lease and Release for the Conveyance of 60 acres of Land from John Brotherton to James Adair Proven in open Court by the oath of Thomas Ewing & ordered to be Recorded." Pg. 68, 18 Mar 1786: James Adair was on a jury in the case of Robert McNees Plt vs. John Martin Deft concerning debt. Pg. 70, 18 Mar 1786: James Adair was on a jury in the case of George Caldwell Plt vs David Allison Deft concerning debt. Pg. 73, 18 Mar 1786: "James Adair Plt vs Thos Hughes and Charles Saxon Deft. In Debt. Came the Plt by James Yancey his Attorney and the Defts in their proper Person and Confessed Judgment for £1 s15 d10¼ sterl'g. Thereupon it is Considered by the Court that the Plt. recover against the s'd Defts his Debt aforesaid and his cost by him in this behalf Expended and the s'd Deft in Mercy &c." Clerk fees £ 11 Sheriffs fees 3 6 Attorney's fees 14 £ 8 6 Pg. 88,13 June 1786: "A Lease and release for the conveyance of 110 acres of land from Mary Hillon and John Hillon to James Adair proven in open court by the Oaths of George Ross and John Cammel & Ordered to be recorded." Pg. 88, 13 June 1786: "A lease and release for the conveyance of 140 acres of land from Mary Hill and John Hillon to John Cammel proven in open court by the oaths of George Ross and James Adair & ordered to be recorded." Pg. 96, 16 June 1786: "James Adair vs Jonth'n Gilbert. Debt S.P. By Consent of the parties this suit is ordered to be Continued till next Court." Pg. 98, June 16, 1786: "James Adair vs Thos Persons. Attachment. Trover. This day came the Plaintiff by J. Yancey his Atty and the attachment being Returned Executed, and the Deft not Replevied by appearance or put in special bail tho solemnly called, on motion of the Plaintiff by his atty aforesaid it is ordered that Judgment be entered for the Plt for what damages he hath sustaind by Accation of the Trover & Convertion in the Declaration mentioned to be Inquired of by a Jury unless the Defendant shall appear and Plead to Issue at the next court." [Kerry's note: the case just before this was for exactly the same thing for James Montgomery vs Thos Persons.] Pg. 134, 14 Dec 1786: "David Wlch Plft. vs John Barnet Deft. In Debt. By consent of the Parties by their attys they have mutually submitted the Determination for this Suit to Nathan Barksdale, James Adair, and Charles Simmons and agreed that their award thereupon should be made the Judgement of the Court, which s'd aware was Ordered to be Returned into Court Immediately." Pp. 148-149, 13 Mar 1787: James Adair was sworn as Grand Juror for the county. Pg. 149, 13 Mar 1787: James Adair participated as a Grand Juror in the case State vs. Mansfield Walker and John Blackwell. Indictment for Sabbath braking. Pg. 152, 14 Mar 1787: "James Adair vs. Henry Johnston & David Simpson. By consent this suit is ordered to be dismist at Plfts. Cost." Pg. 159, 16 Mar 1787: "James Adair vs. Thomas Pearson. This day came the Plft by his Attys and the attachment being returned execution on 300 acres of land the Property of Deft and the said Deft not appearing to Replevy the same or Plead to the Plfts Declaration agreeable to a former Order of this Court, Therefore upon a Jury to wit [jury named]… upon their oaths do say that the Plft hath Sustained by accation of the Trespass in the Declaration mentioned, upon their oaths do say that the Plft hath Sustained Damages by accation thereof to s note: There were three exact same cases against Thomas Pearson with James Montgomery, James Adair, and Joseph Adair as individual plaintiffs with all three in sequence.] Pg. 165, 12 June 1787: "James Adair, son of James Adair, is appointed Overseer of that Part of the highway leading from Hughes's mill on Enoree and James Young's on Bush River in the room of Tho's Ewing. Ordered that he cause the free male inhabitants and slaves contiguous to and convenient to said road, to work thereon and to cause the same to be kept in repair for one year as the law directs." Pg. 215, 11 Mar 1788: "A power of Att'o from James Templeton to James Adair proven in Open Court by the oath of John Lindsey and Ordered to Ly for further proof." Pg. 216, 12 Mar 1788: "A Lease and Release for the conveyance of 100 acres of land from Thomas Allison to James Adair acknowledged in Open Court and Ordered to be Recorded." Pg. 301, 12 Mar 1789: John D. Kern vs Charles Hutchings. In Case. This day came the parties by their attorneys & thereupon Came also a Jury [jury named] upon their oaths say that the Deft is not Guilty on fhe Nonperformance of the promises & assumptions in the Declaration mentioned & that he go hence without day and Recover against the s'd Plft his Cost by him in this behalf expended, Whereupon it was ordered accordingly. On application made on oath by James Adair a witness in said suit, ordered that the Plft pay him the sum of 35/ for 14 days attendance at 2/6 P'r day. Also Joseph Adair the sum of 32/ for 13 days attendance at 2/6 P'r day." Pg. 324, 18 Sep 1789: "James Adair vs. James Miller. In Slander. By consent this suit is ordered to be Dismist at Deft's cost." Pg. 326, 18 Sep 1789: James Adair was drawn as a petty juror. Pg. 317, 15 Sep 1789: "James Adair vs. Eliphaz Riley. S. Process Debt. Continued by Consent till next court." Pg. 322, 17 Sep 1789: "James Adair vs. Eliphaz Riley. By Consent of the Parties ordered that a Commission issue directed to John Calloway Smith and Wm Robertson Esq'r or any other Justices of the County of Wintown (sic, for Winton) to take the Examination of John Wild a witness for the Deft he giving the adverse party Ten days previous notice of the Time and place of s'd Examination & Return a Certificate of the same to our next Court Together with this commission." Pg 331, 16 Dec 1789: James Adair vs. Eliphaz Riley. S. Process debt. This day came the Parties by their attorneys & thereupon came also a Jury [jury named] upon their oaths do say that the Plft take nothing by his bill but for his false Clamour be in Mercy &c & that the Deft Go hence without day & recover against the s'd Pft his cost by him in this behalf Expended &C." Pg. 334, 16 Dec 1789: "The last will and testament of Joseph Adair Dec'd was presented in open court by James Adair the Ex'r and proven by the oath of James Montgomery and Ordered to be Recorded. Ordered that a Probate thereof issue in due form &c. Ordered that a warrant of Appraisement Issue to four freeholders of this county to View and appraise the estate of the s'd Jo's Adair Decd & Return an account of the same to the Ext'r within the Time Prescribed by Law." 11. FHL book 975.7 N28w, 1994, "Citizens and Immigrants - South Carolina 1768, abstracted from contemporary | Adair, James (I3686)
|
| 3276 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 2. The following is now out of date considering the above note from 2024: The following genealogical summary of the family of James Adair was provided to me from Shawn Potter "James Adair was born probably in Ireland say about 1714. He immigrated to America before 1735. James married Eleanor of the Chickasaw Nation in about 1744. Eleanor was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1726. She was a member of the Panther clan. James died probably in Laurens County, South Carolina, after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died probably in Laurens County after 3 Jan 1803. James and Eleanor were the parents of the following children: 1. James Adair, Jr., was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1748. He married Hannah probably in Laurens County say about 1772. Hannah was born probably in Laurens County on 28 Sep 1750. James died in Laurens County on 18 Aug 1818. Hannah died in Laurens County on 10 Nov 1826. 2. Joseph Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1750. He married Sarah probably in Laurens County say about 1776. Joseph died perhaps in Laurens County after 5 Feb 1804. 3. John Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1754. He married first Ga-Ho-Ga of the Cherokee Nation probably in Laurens County say about 1780. Ga-Ho-Ga was born in the Cherokee Nation say about 1760. Ga-Ho-Ga died perhaps in Laurens County after 7 Feb 1789. John married second Jane Kilgore probably in Laurens County say about 1790. Jane was born probably in Laurens County say about 1773. John died in present-day Oconee County, South Carolina, after 4 Nov 1815 and before 4 Dec 1815. Jane died perhaps in present-day Oconee County after 4 Dec 1815. 4. Edward Adair was born in the Chickasaw Nation say about 1756. He married first Margaret in Philadelphia on 7 Apr 1784. Edward married second Elizabeth Martin of the Cherokee Nation probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1789. Elizabeth was born probably in the Cherokee Nation say about 1769. Edward died probably in present-day Oconee County after 3 Nov 1800. Elizabeth died probably in the Cherokee Nation after 13 Jul 1816. N.B. James and Eleanor had "children" in 1748; and a daughter lived in Georgia between 1788 and 1791." 3. Typescript "Early Adairs of Laurens County, South Carolina. Compiled by Mildred Brownlee; Source Records: Wills; Intestate Estates; Deeds; Court Records; Cemetery Inscriptions. Some dates of birth and death obtained from Lineage Charts. Dates of birth and death subject to correction. Spelling of names subject to correction." [Note that bracketed comments are later additions by other reviewers including myself - Kerry Petersen.]: A. "SC Archives, Council Journal 34 p. 39, 2 Feb. 1768 - Petitions for Warrants of Survey: James Adair - 150 a. - Waters of Duncan Creek - granted 1768 (James was noted as James, Sr. up to his death.) Joseph Adair - 250 a. - Waters of Duncan Creek Council Journal 34, p. 236, 7 Dec, 1768 - Petitions to Prolong Warrants: Joseph Adair - 250 a. - on Duncan Creek His 250 a. was granted in 1770 (where Duncan Creek Church now stands). Joseph Adair sold this grant in 1778 to Benjamin Adair. (Deed Bk. A, p. 189) The above is the first record for Joseph Adair, Sr., cooper, found in Laurens Co. [NB: this is incorrect. Joseph Adair petitioned for 200 acres on the Waters of the Santee [Council Journal of 3 Dec 1766, p. 874]. The Memorial for this property reads as follows: A Memorial exhibited by Joseph Adair, 200 acres of a Plantation or tract of land contg. 200 acres situate in Berkly County on the So. side of Enoree River on a branch thereof called Millers Creek bounded Ewardly on land of Frances McCall, and on all other sides on vacant land. Survey certified the 7th of March 1769 (Plat Book 9, p. 341) and granted the 2nd day of June 1769 to the memorialist. Quit rent to commence two years hence. SC Memorial Book 8, p. 482. 9 Sep 1769]. James Adair who petitioned for land on the same date as Joseph is possibly the James Adair who married Eleanor and who had died in Laurens Co. prior to 12 Feb. 1796. Early deeds refer to him as James Adair, cooper . His 150 a. grant is evidently the one shown on Union Co. Land Grant map #4 and #12 on a branch of Duncan Creek which is called McCall's Branch on map #4. Other early maps refer to this branch as Miller's Fork. On present day maps it is called Sand Creek ... NE of Clinton, in the area between Hwy. 72 and Hwy. 98. Since available deeds do not make clear the disposition of the above 150 a., there is still some uncertainty that the grant was to James Adair, wife Eleanor; however, it is certain that he was in Laurens Co. 11 Aug. 1774 when he received a grant of 200 a. on a branch of Duncan Creek. Land Grant map #4 says granted in 1770 but deeds say 1774; this grant lying between the main branch of Duncan and Philson's Crossroad, and very near to Joseph Adair, Sr.'s original grant. Since both Joseph Adair and James Adair have been identified as coopers and they both petitioned for land on the same date, it seems logical to think that they were brothers. (Dr. James Adair's History states that James Adair, Indian trader, was a brother of Joseph Adair, Sr. but extensive research on the Indian trader does not substantiate the claim.) Council Journal 34 should be consulted for any other possible information which might be contained in the land petitions of Joseph and James Adair in 1768. The exact year that Joseph Adair arrived in South Carolina has not been determined. He was in Lancaster Co., Pa. in 1759 when he was given Power-of-Attorney to sell land for John, Josiah, and Jennet Ramage. In his History of the Presbyterian Church in SC, George Howe, D.D. states that in 1763 or 1766, Joseph Adair, Thomas Ewing, Wm. Hanna, and the McCrearys had united in building a house of worship. The June 9, 1896 issue of "The Laurens Advertiser" has an article about the 130th. anniversary of Duncan Creek Presbyterian Church which was "organized in summer of 1766". B. "James Adair, Sr., cooper, & ELEANOR, his wife. As stated on p. 1, it has not been definitely determined that this James Adair was the one who petitioned for land along with Joseph Adair, cooper, in 1767; however, he has been documented as the James Adair who received a grant of 200 a. on Duncan Creek 11 Aug. 1774. Surety for this grant was certified 3 June 1773, so James Adair was in Laurens Co. before that date, (See Deed Bk. F, pp. 8, 9, 10). He is also considered to have been the James Adair, cooper, to whom John Brotherton and wife, Esther, sold in 1774, 60 a. on a spring branch of Duncan Creek. (See Deed Bk. A, p. 185.) Birth date of James Adair, Sr., cooper, is not known. He died sometime between 24 Feb. 1784 (date of deed to John Jones, blacksmith) and 12 Feb. 1796 (date of deed to which Eleanor, widow of James Adair, dec'd, released her right of dower.). Birth date of Eleanor Adair is unknown; last record of her is also 12 Feb. 1796, release of dower. On 6 Feb. 1792, she was witness to a deed from William Price and wife Margaret, to James Adair, son of James. James Adair, Sr. left no will in Laurens Co. No estate papers have been located in Laurens Co. Eleanor Adair left no will or estate papers in Laurens Co. Data from Laurens Co. deeds indicate that a son of James and Eleanor was Joseph Adair. Deed Bk. F, p. 109 - 12 Feb. 1796, Joseph Adair, Jr. to Wm. Holland, 120 a. on a small branch of Duncan Creek. N on John McCreary now John A. Elmore, SW by John Adair now Benj. Adair, S by me, a grant of 2 Oct, 1786; the other plantation of 100 a. purchased from Samuel Ewing 16 Dec. 1778, part of 150 a. grant to Samuel Ewing 30 Sept. 1774, Joining the above tract. Joseph Adair, Jr.* Wit: B.H. Saxon, JA Elmore, Basil Holland Release of dower: Sarah Adair, wife of Joseph Adair, Jr. Eleanor(x)Adair. Widow of James Adair, dec'd. {*Joseph Adair called "Jr." to distinguish from Joseph Adair, son of Joseph Adair, cooper, who was at that time called Joseph Adair, "Sr.", after the death of his father in 1789.) Deed Bk, G, p. 570 - 7 Jan. 1803, Joseph Adair, planter, to John Daniel Kern of Charleston, merchant, 86 a. on N side of Duncan Creek, adj. said J. D. Kern. N 10, W 40, S 30, etc., on Joseph Adair line, S 80, E ??, etc. on Mistres ?Musgrove (seems error for "Mistress Montgomery"). Joseph Adair Wit: Thomas Martin, Tailor; William Dabbage Release of Dower: Sarah Adair, wife of Joseph Adair, Jr. Eleanor (x) Adair, widow of James Adair, dec'd." 4. Observation of Shawn Potter per his email to me dated 22 Feb 2024. Not sure I totally concur and more research is needed before doing so: "By the way, Joseph was at home when James and Eleanor received their royal grant for 200 acres in 1773 (James received 100 acres for himself, 50 acres for Eleanor, and 50 acres for Joseph -- James Jr. was already married). This means that Joseph's son, Thomas, was not born in 1771. His birth year of 1777 makes sense, and the above observation makes the proposed birth year of 1771 impossible." | Eleanor (I2020)
|
| 3277 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In Kuldiga (formerly known as Goldingen, my mother and I stayed the the "Roberts Herzenberg" apartment on the main pedestrian thoroughfare the night of Oct. 8, 2016. I believe this apartment to have belonged to Robert Herzenberg, son of Eleazer and Amalie (Hirschman) Herzenberg, who would have been about 47 when he built it circa 1915. Alternatively, Robert may also be the son of Jacob and Dorothea (___) Herzenberg. The proprietor of the apartment rental is trying to contact the elderly descendant of Robert who sitll is alive and lives in Israel. Hopefully, I will be able to contact her for more information. Here is some communication from Mr. Vaitkus who we met and owns the apartment rental business. He is very interested in helping find out more about the history of the original Robert Herzenberg: Email from roberts vaitkus "Thank you for the time and the privilege to meet with you both. Thank you also for the amazing amount of the work and energy you have put to create the historical database of Herzenberg family tree line. I contacted my wife Aiga yesterday night telling what awesome people I have met. She and her sister will summarize all the detailed information about Robert Herzenberg we have at the moment and send it to you as soon they come back from UK. Please say hi to your Mom and I thank both of you for being willing to discover your legacy in such a adventurous way. I pray that God would open doors to people and places which will let you dig deeper than 5th generations back! Have a wonderful trip to Vilnius! With much love, Roberts Vaitkus +371 27710100. The following are my comments and observations: Photos of the apartment are are available on the Airbnb website https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/6864313 accessed 13 Oct 2016. It was built by Robert Herzenberg in about 1915 and included three floors. The bottom floor contained commercial space including a pharmacy and restaurant. A restaurant remains to this day. The building is owned by a Herzenberg descendant who is an elderly lady now living in Israel. The city also owns half the building as well probably due to past Communist confiscation prior to Latvia's Independence around 1990. The current proprietor leases the apartment and has renovated the main apartment on the top floor into a very highly-rated bed and breakfast. It is the apartment that Robert himself lived in and features a round room in a turret. Among original furnishings is cooking brick cooktop for cooking by charcoal or wood. The building was quite elegant in its days but the Communists put into it the poorest of poor family who were very rough on the building. It is being slowly restored. The apartment commands the best view on the best corner of the best street in Kuldiga which is called Liepajas Iela. This area is a favorite tourist destination for tour buses since it is the best preserved old village/town in all of Latvia. It was spared from the destruction of both World Wars and the ugly Sovietization that is so common in the Baltic Republics. The entire street was more or less built by the Jewish inhabitants and even the synagogue remains to this day. It is only a half hour drive from Piltene where all Jews first lived in Latvia before spreading throughout the country. Latvia in those days was under the domination of Sweden who persecuted the Jews. Piltene was owned by the Danes who were tolerant to the Jews. This area was the ancient center of the Duchy of Courland of the Livonian Order of the Teutonic Knights. In 1795 the Russian Tsar conquered Latvia and it remained Russian until modern days. In another email from Roberts dated 19 Oct 2016, he provides the following information. He also provides some historical photos of the building, which I have since posted on Family Search in Robert Herzenberg's file. He notes [Kerry's comments in brackets]: "I forwarded your e-mail to my wife and her sister [who do some historical research], so we have collected the information about Robert Hercenberg, which is not that much as I expected. Hope you can get something useful out of it. Robert Herzberg - born in 1867, 09.11. in Kuldiga Sofia Herzberg - born in 1875, 07.07. in Kuldiga Georg Herzberg - born in 1901, 26.02. in Kuldiga Leo / Leopold Herzberg - born in 1908, 02.09. in Kuldiga The whole family before World War II lived in Kuldīga. Herzberg Robert (Age of 74) and Sofia Herzberg (Age of 68) in the year of 1941 were sent out to the farm/field work on Kuldiga parishes. Jacob Herzberg (buried on 9 March 1912). He has been an honorary citizen of Kuldiga. For many years he was a teacher of Jewish school, Jewish religious teacher, religious teacher of grammar school. Founded the Talmud - Torah school, which he led until 1911. [KP: Appears to be a separate Herzenberg from the family above -- not sure where he fits in.] "[Photos of Robert Herzberg building:] Apartment house with shops Liepaja Street 8 is one of the most architecturally impressive buildings in the old town of Kuldiga. Owner Robert Herzberg built it in 1913 (the year number can be seen in the entrance door transom openwork metal grid) in place o fan old wooden house. Buildings spatial form and the artistic image corresponds to the later stages of Art Nouveau. The first floor occupied by shops. In turn, wing against the Katolu (now Raina) street in the interwar period was Birger E. pharmacy. Eduard Birger (born in 1864. Nurmuiza pastor's family) in 1913 bought Kozaka pharmacy on Baznicas and Policijas street corner in Kuldiga. Since it was located very close to Grabes pharmacy (Baznicas St. 20), in the same year he moved it to Herzberg house on the corner of Liepajas and Katolu street. Pharmacy was closed on 18th of November 1939, due the pharmacy owner repatriation. In late 20th century in the building' ground floor was opened the cafe "Staburadze". Also, now the building houses a café with the same name, as well as apartments." | Herzberg, Jacob (I5356)
|
| 3278 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In mother's obituary of 25 May 1887, she notes 2 daughters and 4 sons alive. This confirms this individual was still alive at that time. Of the siblings, Jane Ann Burnhope Spens was the only one deceased at that time which coincides perfectly with this database. 2. Censuses: 1841 Eng: Durham, Parish: Bolden p. 6 of 9, image 22 of 27, none born in the county except Jane, Place: East Bolden Village, was indexed as "Burniss," corrected in FS to Burnip: Isaac Burnip, 30, ag lab. Elizabeth, 30. William, 9. Mary, 6. Joseph, 4. Jane, 1. James Henderson, 25, ag. lab., not born in county. 1861 Eng.: District 19, Boldon Parish, Durham, p. 10 of 26, #58: Joseph Burnhope, mar. 23, master tailor employing 1 apprentice, b. Northumberland, Hexham. Margaret, wife, 23, b. Northumberland, Newcastle. 1871 Eng.: District 24, West Bolden Village, Durham, Eng., p. 13 of 37, listing #70: Joseph Burnhope, mar., 33, tailor and post messenger, b. Northumberland, Hexham. Margaret, wife, mar., 33, b. Northumberland, Newcastle. Edith C., dau., 9, b. Durham, Boldon. Margaret M., dau., 8, b. Durham, Boldon. Williamina, dau., 6, b. Durham, Boldon. Jane A., dau., 6, b. Durham, Boldon. Isaac, son, 3, b. Durham, Boldon. Joseph, son, 1, b. Durham, Boldon. 1881 British: Boldon, Durham, England, FHL film 1342209, RG11-5018/72, p. 13: Joseph Burnhope, married, 43, Hexham, Northumberland, Eng., Tailor. Margaret, wife, married, 43, Newcastle, Northumberland, Eng. Jane Ann, dau., 15, Boldon, Durham, Eng. Isaac, son, 13, Boldon, Durham, Eng. Joseph, son, 11, Boldon, Durham, Eng. Thomas, son, 13, Boldon, Durham, Eng. Maria, dau., 7, Boldon, Durham, Eng. William, son, 5, Boldon, Durham, Eng. Pricilla, dau., 2, Boldon, Durham, Eng. 1901 Eng: District 20, Gateshead, Durham, p. 15 of 51, #107, address 15 Leddell Terr.: Joseph Burnhope, mar. 63, tailor, b. Northumberland, Hexham. Margt., wife, 63, b. Northumberland, Hexham. Joseph, son, widr., 31, Asst. Newspaper Dispatcher, b. Durham, West. Boldon. Mary Ann, dau., sing., 18, vest maker/tailor, b. Durham, West Boldon. Isa, g.dau., 8, b. Durham, Gateshead. Mgt. Morton, g.dau., 7, b. Durham, Gateshead. Williamina, g.dau., 4, b. Durham, Gateshead. 3. Verified Ancestry.com 23 Nov 2002. 4. Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1855; 1869, Newcastle Conference, 004484181 Image 201 of 574; (FHL film 87035) https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6L5S-Z42?i=200&cat=516964 Entry 23: "Elder, Isaac Burnip, born at Wheamelly, Northumberland, Nov. 15th, 1808. Baptized June 5th, 1847, at Hendon by Ebr Gillis. Confirmed by C. Phelps. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 25: "Elizabeth Burnip, born Oct. 22, 1806 at Heddon-in-the-Wall, [Northumberland]. Baptized June 5th, 1847 by William Knox. Confirmed by C. Phelps. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 26: "William Burnip, born Aug. 18, 1832 at Sunny Side, North[umberland]. Baptized 25 Sep 1847 at Hendon by William Knox. Confirmed by William Knox. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 27: "Mary Ann Burnip, born April 24, 1835 at Hexham. Baptized Sep 25th, 1847 by William Knox. Confirmed by William Knox. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 28: "Joseph Burnip, born June 22, 1837 at Hexham, North[umberland],. Baptized Sep 25th, 1847 by William Knox. Confirmed by William Knox. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 29: [listed with the Isaac Burnhope family]: "Robert Mattinson, born 16 Jul 1835 at Ashton Underline, baptized 25 Sep 1847 at Hendon by Wm. Knox and confirmed by Wm. Knox." 5. Burnhope / Mattinson - Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1854, 04484181, Image 168 of 574, (FHL film 87035), p. 4, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6L5S-Z77?i=167&cat=516964 Entry 25: "Isaac Burnip, born at Wheamelly, Co. Northumberland, Nov. 15th, 1808 Baptized in Hendon Bay by Ebeneser Gillis June 5th, 1847. Confirmed in the arcade June 6th by C. Phelps and William Knox - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 27: "Elizabeth Burnip, born at Heddin-in-the-Wall, Oct. 22nd, 1806, baptized in Hendon Bay August 29th, 1847 by W. Knox. Confirmed by C. Phelps and W. Knox and E. Gillis in the arcade - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 29: "William Burnip, born at Sunniside, Co. Northumberland, August 18th, 1832, baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox Sep. 25th, 1847. Confirmed by on the 26th by him also - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 30: "Mary Ann Burnip, born April 25th, 1835, at Hexham. Baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox Sep 25th, 1847. Confirmed by W. Knox and E. Gillis in the arcade - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 31: "Joseph Burnip, born June 22nd, 1837, at Hexham. Baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox and confirmed in the arcade Sep. 25th, 1847 - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." 6. 1849 South Shields Record of members, 1849 About 25 November 1849 https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSH9-8KWJ FamilySearch.com catalog. Film 87033; Items 1-8, Record of members, 1848-1948; Author: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. South Shields Branch, Filmed 1954; DGS 7903790; Image 7 of 389; 21; South Shields Branch; Line 5-8; Office: Elder; Line 5; Isaac Burnip; State: Md; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 15 Nov 1808, Warden, Northum, England; Baptism: 5 Jan 1847, Sunderland, Elder Gillies; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 6; Elizabeth Burnip; State: Md; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 21 Oct 1807, Newburn, Northum, England; Baptism: 27 Aug 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 7; Mary Ann Burnip; State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 24 Apr 1835, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 8; Joseph Burnip; State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 22 June 1837, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 15; William Burnip, teacher, State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 15 Aug 1832, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Cut off:10 Feb1853, Note: Denying the faith. BIRTH: 1. 1881 British census. 2. Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1854, FHL film 87035, p. 4, entry 31: "Joseph Burnip, born June 22nd, 1837, at Hexham. Baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox and confirmed in the arcade Sep. 25th, 1847 - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." 3. Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1854, Reformation and Rebaptism of Durham Conference, FHL film 87035, p. 2a, entry 32: "Joseph Burnop, born at Hexham, Nhumberland, June 22, 1837. Baptized at Sunderland, Durham by William Knox Sep 25th, 1847. Confirmed Sep. 26, 1847 in Sunderland, Durham by William Knox. Moved Oct 1849." 4. South Shields [Durham Co.], England LDS Branch records 1848-1855, 1870, Membership Roster, FHL film 87033, p. 1, entry 7: "Joseph Burnip, sing., residence at Boldon, born at Hexham, Northum., 22 Jun 1837. Baptized at Sunderland, 25 Sep 1847." 5. Transcription by Chris Petersen, 8 Oct 2023: FamilySearch.com catalog. Film 87033; Items 1-8, Record of members, 1848-1948; Author: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. South Shields Branch, Filmed 1954; DGS 7903790; Image 7 of 389; 21; South Shields Branch; Line 5-8; https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSH9-8KWJOffice: Elder; Line 5; Isaac Burnip; State: Md; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 15 Nov 1808, Warden, Northum, England; Baptism: 5 Jan [Jun?] 1847, Sunderland, Elder Gillies; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 6; Elizabeth Burnip; State: Md; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 21 Oct 1807, Newburn, Northum, England; Baptism: 27 Aug 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 7; Mary Ann Burnip; State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 24 Apr 1835, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 8; Josph Burnip; State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 22 June 1837, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. CHRISTENING: 1. 23 Nov 2002 Ancestry.com database "swallred": Parish Reg. of Hexham, Northumberland, England FHL film #991804, Item 1, p. 106. Father's profession: laborer. 2. Per my review of a transcription of Hexham Christening records, it appears that only the first three children of Isaac Burnhope and Elizabeth Charlton were chr. in Hexham per the following entries: 21 Oct 1832, William Burnhope, son of Isaac, hind, and Elizabeth of Sunnyside. 9 Jul 1837, Joseph Burnhope, son of Isaac, labourer, and Elizabeth of the parish. Mary Ann is not under the surname Burnhope, but is under the name misspelled name Burnett. DEATH: 1. Date per archival family group sheets. Place assumed from location of census. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Family group sheet submitted by Josephine H. Bird, 404 Cedar St., Mt. Vernon, Washington. She then lived in Orem, Utah. She cites personal records and autobiographies of Elizabeth Charlton Wallace Hickenlooper and Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace. | Burnhope, Joseph (I5)
|
| 3279 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In mother's obituary of 25 May 1887, she notes 2 daughters and 4 sons alive. This confirms this individual was still alive at that time. Of the siblings, Jane Ann Burnhope Spens was the only one deceased at that time which coincides perfectly with this database. 2. Censuses: 1841 Eng: Durham, Parish: Bolden p. 6 of 9, image 22 of 27, none born in the county except Jane, Place: East Bolden Village, was indexed as "Burniss," corrected in FS to Burnip: Isaac Burnip, 30, ag lab. Elizabeth, 30. William, 9. Mary, 6. Joseph, 4. Jane, 1. James Henderson, 25, ag. lab., not born in county. 1851 Eng: Whitburn, Durham, p. 16 of 20, #60, res: Stay the Voyage: Isaac Burnhope, 42, platelayer, b. Northumberland, Weamley. Elizabeth, wife, 44, b. Northumberland, Hendon-in-the-Wall. Wm., son, 18, sailor, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Mary Ann, dau., 16, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Jane, dau., 11, b. Durham, East Bolden. Isaac, son, 8, b. Durham, East Bolden. Thomas, son,. 6, b. Durham, East Bolden. Betsy, dau., 2, b. Durham, East Bolden. A search of 1881 British Census provides the following two William Burnhopes. The first one is the son of a Thomas, who may be the brother of William's grandfather. I am not sure about the second one which may or may not be this William: a. Census place: Benfieldside, Durham, Eng.: William Burnhope, 50, Matfin, Northumberland, Eng., Genl. Lab. Elizabeth, wife, 48, Benton, Northumberland, Eng. John J., son, 4, Black Hill, Durham, Eng. Jane E., niece, 19, Black Hill, Durham, Eng. [This same William and Elizabeth shows up in 1871 with Wm. age 41 and living with Elizabeth's mother Jane Simpson. In 1851 he shows up as a son living with his parents Thomas and Elizabeth Burnhope at Ingoe Mill near Matfin.] b. Census place: Thornley, Durham, Eng.: William Burnhope, 50, Benton, Northumberland, Eng., coal miner. Jane, wife, 50, Harton, Northumberland, Eng. William Bird, father, 77, Stannington, Northumberland, Eng. 3. Verified Rootsweb.com Worldconnect 23 Nov 2002. 4. Does not appear in either 1880 nor 1900 US censuses. Most likely resided and died in England. 5. Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1855; 1869, Newcastle Conference, 004484181 Image 201 of 574; (FHL film 87035) https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6L5S-Z42?i=200&cat=516964 Entry 23: "Elder, Isaac Burnip, born at Wheamelly, Northumberland, Nov. 15th, 1808. Baptized June 5th, 1847, at Hendon by Ebr Gillis. Confirmed by C. Phelps. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 25: "Elizabeth Burnip, born Oct. 22, 1806 at Heddon-in-the-Wall, [Northumberland]. Baptized June 5th, 1847 by William Knox. Confirmed by C. Phelps. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 26: "William Burnip, born Aug. 18, 1832 at Sunny Side, North[umberland]. Baptized 25 Sep 1847 at Hendon by William Knox. Confirmed by William Knox. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 27: "Mary Ann Burnip, born April 24, 1835 at Hexham. Baptized Sep 25th, 1847 by William Knox. Confirmed by William Knox. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 28: "Joseph Burnip, born June 22, 1837 at Hexham, North[umberland],. Baptized Sep 25th, 1847 by William Knox. Confirmed by William Knox. Moved (removed) Oct 1849, S Shields." Entry 29: [listed with the Isaac Burnhope family]: "Robert Mattinson, born 16 Jul 1835 at Ashton Underline, baptized 25 Sep 1847 at Hendon by Wm. Knox and confirmed by Wm. Knox." 6. Burnhope / Mattinson - Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1854, 04484181, Image 168 of 574, (FHL film 87035), p. 4, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6L5S-Z77?i=167&cat=516964 Entry 25: "Isaac Burnip, born at Wheamelly, Co. Northumberland, Nov. 15th, 1808 Baptized in Hendon Bay by Ebeneser Gillis June 5th, 1847. Confirmed in the arcade June 6th by C. Phelps and William Knox - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 27: "Elizabeth Burnip, born at Heddin-in-the-Wall, Oct. 22nd, 1806, baptized in Hendon Bay August 29th, 1847 by W. Knox. Confirmed by C. Phelps and W. Knox and E. Gillis in the arcade - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 29: "William Burnip, born at Sunniside, Co. Northumberland, August 18th, 1832, baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox Sep. 25th, 1847. Confirmed by on the 26th by him also - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 30: "Mary Ann Burnip, born April 25th, 1835, at Hexham. Baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox Sep 25th, 1847. Confirmed by W. Knox and E. Gillis in the arcade - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." Entry 31: "Joseph Burnip, born June 22nd, 1837, at Hexham. Baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox and confirmed in the arcade Sep. 25th, 1847 - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." 7. 1849 South Shields Record of members, 1849 About 25 November 1849 https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSH9-8KWJ FamilySearch.com catalog. Film 87033; Items 1-8, Record of members, 1848-1948; Author: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. South Shields Branch, Filmed 1954; DGS 7903790; Image 7 of 389; 21; South Shields Branch; Line 5-8; Office: Elder; Line 5; Isaac Burnip; State: Md; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 15 Nov 1808, Warden, Northum, England; Baptism: 5 Jan 1847, Sunderland, Elder Gillies; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 6; Elizabeth Burnip; State: Md; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 21 Oct 1807, Newburn, Northum, England; Baptism: 27 Aug 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 7; Mary Ann Burnip; State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 24 Apr 1835, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 8; Joseph Burnip; State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 22 June 1837, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Line 15; William Burnip, teacher, State: Sing; Residence: Boldon; Birth: 15 Aug 1832, Hexham, Northum, England; Baptism: 25 Sept 1847, Sunderland, John Knox; Received: 25 Nov 1849, Sunderland. Cut off:10 Feb1853, Note: Denying the faith. BIRTH: 1. Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1854, FHL film 87035, p. 4, entry 29: "William Burnhip, born at Sunniside, Co. Northumberland, August 18th, 1832, baptized in Hendon Bay by W. Knox Sep. 25th, 1847. Confirmed by on the 26th by him also - removed to South Shields Oct AD 1849." 2. Sunderland, England LDS Branch records 1843-1854, Reformation and Rebaptism of Durham Conference, FHL film 87035, p. 2a, entry 31: "William Burnop, born Aug. 18, 1832. Baptized at Sunderland, Durham by William Knox Sep 25th, 1847. Confirmed Sep. 26, 1847 in Sunderland, Durham by William Knox. Moved Oct 1849." 3. South Shields [Durham Co.], England LDS Branch records 1848-1855, 1870, Membership Roster, FHL film 87033, p. 1, entry 15: "William Burnip, sing., residence at Boldon, born at Hexham, Northum., 15 Aug 1832. Baptized at Sunderland, 25 Sep 1847, Teacher." CHRISTENING: 1. FHL film 0990935 "Bishop's transcripts, 1740-1836, Church of England, Parish Church of Hexham": William Burnhope, chr. 21 Oct 1832, Hexham, Northumberland, England to Isaac and Elizabeth Burnhope (Father's profession: "Hind"). Also FHL film #991804, Item 1, p. 20. 2. The following variant is provided by Louise Crookston, Pinedale Arizona "cllouise@juno.com May 18, 2009 by email to me. Her exact source is unclear and the date of the marriage does not correspond with the the more definitive marriage sources listed above - so I discount the reported 1830 below in her notes: "The Burnhopes are related to me through my great grandfather, Nathaniel Spens. Jane Ann Burnhope was his first wife. She has an older brother named William Burnhope born 1832. I do not have an exact birth date for William, nor do I have a wife, but I do have the christening record that indicates his father was Isaac Burnhope and his mother Elizabeth. I have the record of his parents marriage 30 August 1830 in Hexham, Northumberland, England. "Parents' marriage: Parish Hexham alternatively Hexham, St. Andrew aka Abbey in county Nbl Married on 30/08/1830 Groom Isaac Burnhope residence - other - Bride Elizabeth Charlton residence - other - Orig - Checked N "William's christening record: Christening/Baptism record: 21 October 1832 Child's name William BURNHOPE Father Isaac Mother Elizabeth Mother's Maiden name - Place Sunnyside Occupation - Other info - Father Hind Mother - Notes - Birth date -/-/- Parish Hexham, Nbl Checked Checked." 3. Per my review of a transcription of Hexham Christening records, it appears that only the first three children of Isaac Burnhope and Elizabeth Charlton were chr. in Hexham per the following entries: 21 Oct 1832, William Burnhope, son of Isaac, hind, and Elizabeth of Sunnyside. 9 Jul 1837, Joseph Burnhope, son of Isaac, labourer, and Elizabeth of the parish. Mary Ann is not under the surname Burnhope, but is under the name misspelled name Burnett. DEATH: 1. Does not appear in either 1880 nor 1900 US censuses. Most likely resided and died in England. Mother's obituary quoted above would seem to indirectly indicate he was alive in 1887. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Family group sheet submitted by Josephine H. Bird, 404 Cedar St., Mt. Vernon, Washington. She then lived in Orem, Utah. She cites personal records and autobiographies of Elizabeth Charlton Wallace Hickenlooper and Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace. | Burnhope, William (I3)
|
| 3280 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In mother's obituary of 25 May 1887, she notes 2 daughters and 4 sons alive. This confirms this individual was still alive at that time. Of the siblings, Jane Ann Burnhope Spens was the only one deceased at that time which coincides perfectly with this database. 2. Censuses: 1851 Eng: Whitburn, Durham, p. 16 of 20, #60, res: Stay the Voyage: Isaac Burnhope, 42, platelayer, b. Northumberland, Weamley. Elizabeth, wife, 44, b. Northumberland, Hendon-in-the-Wall. Wm., son, 18, sailor, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Mary Ann, dau., 16, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Jane, dau., 11, b. Durham, East Bolden. Isaac, son, 8, b. Durham, East Bolden. Thomas, son,. 6, b. Durham, East Bolden. Betsy, dau., 2, b. Durham, East Bolden. 1861 England: District 21, Whitburn parish, Durham, p. 21 of 23, house: Stay the Voyage: Isaac Burnop, mar., 52, plate layer. Elizabeth, wife, mar., 54, b. Durham, Newburn. Isaac, son, 18, plate layer, b. Durham, Whitburn. Thomas, son, 16, plate layer, b. Durham, Whitburn. Betsy, dau., 12, b. Durham, Whitburn. Eliza Mitchell, visitor, sing., 20, dressmaker, b. Scotland. 1880 US: Terrace, Box Elder, Utah, NA film T9-1335, p. 118D: Thomas Burnhope, laborer, M, 36, Eng Eng Eng. Mary Ann, keeping house, wife, M, 36, Eng Eng Eng. Isaac, S, 7, UT Eng Eng. Mary Ann, S, 4, UT Eng Eng. 1900 US: Promontory Precinct, Box Elder, Utah, Sht. 3, B: Thomas Burnhope, Head, Feb 1845, 55, married 27, Eng Eng Eng, immigrated 1868, RR laborer. Mary A., wife, Mar 1844, 56, marr. 27 years, 7 total children 2 living, Eng Eng Eng. 1910 US: 4th Ward, Ogden, Weber, Utah, 85A, 12 Jan 1920, 2264 Madison Ave (note next door neighbor is Cornelius Osborne at 2256 Madison and daughter Mary and her husband live in close proximity 4 pages away in same census): Thomas Burnhope, Head, 67, m. once for 38 years, Eng Eng Eng, emigrated 1868, naturalized, lives on income. Mary, wife, 66, m. once for 38 years, 2 total children both living, Eng Eng Eng, emigrated 1868. 1920 US: 4th Ward, Ogden, Weber, Utah, 83A, 12 Jan 1920, 2264 Madison Ave: Peter Peterson, owns home, 49, emigrated 1880, naturalized 1892, Den Den Den, salesman in hardware store. Mary A., 43, UT Eng Eng. Carl, son, 19, UT Den UT. Franklin, son, 17, UT Den UT. Helen, dau., 15, Montana Den UT. Thelma, dau., 13, UT Den UT. Thomas Burnhope, father-in-law, 74, widower, emigrated 1868, naturalized 1915, Eng Eng Eng, no occupation. 3. Came to Utah from England around 1868 per granddaughter Mary Lucile Burnhope. 4. Reviewed Rootsweb.com Worldconnect Nov 2002. 5. Residences: 1845-Stay the Voyage, West Boldon, England 1908- 2262 Madison Ave., Ogden, UT. 6. Naturalization record of Thomas Burnhope: U.S. Naturalization Cert., 22 Dec 1908, U.S. Dist., Weber, Ogden, UT. 7. Ken Burnhope in his email of 18 Oct 2002 indicates his records have notes on the birth of five stillborn babies born after Isaac and Mary Ann. The cemetery in Ogden has two graves; one with one baby and a date in the record and the other grave marker shows "Babies" and the record just shows babies with no date. 8. The following names are found in the following document: "Names of Persons and Sureties indebted to the Perpetual Emigrating Fund company 1850 to 1877," (also known as the 1877 Debtors Index) by Richard L. Jensen and Marine C. Ward. Document in PDF form found at Boak, Nicholas - Elizabeth. Margaret: 1868. Burnhope, Isaac - Elizabeth. Thomas, Betsey: 1868. 9. "Names of Persons and Sureties indebted to the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company 1850 to 1877," http://www.jacksonfamilyhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Doc030_PEF.pdf, p. 156, accessed 23 Apr 2014: Isaac Burnhope -- Elizabeth, Thomas, Betsey: 1868. BIOGRAPHY: 1. Sketch of the Life of Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace [see her notes for full citation]: "I was born April 24, 1835 at Hexham, Northumberland Co., England. My parents, Isaac Burnhope and Elizabeth Charlton, were of English birth and of Protestant and Catholic faith, until the year 1847 when they with their seven children were baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. My father, when a young man, enlisted in the British Army. He was bought off, ran away and joined the army, served his time and then worked at freighting. After his marriage he was a section foreman on the railroad. My mother was a housekeeper in the families of the nobility for fifteen years previous to her marriage. My ancestors were foresters and brewers... My parents, with my brother, Thomas, and sister, Betsy, came to Salt Lake City from England in the summer of 1868. They lived with us and in February 1869 father died with erysipelas. Mother was very sick with the dreadful disease, but recovered..." 2. Thomas and Mary Ann's granddaughter Mary Lucile Burnhope wrote her several very detailed and descriptive biographies of several dozen pages from June 1969 through July 1988. I have copies on file of which some details of genealogical interest I here relate. She notes the family would take the train to Ogden for Christmas at her grandparents Thomas and Mary Ann Burnhope's home of which she relates: "Their home at 2264 Madison Avenue was a two story house with an open staircase leading to the upstairs. Grandma's parlor had beautiful English furniture and trinkets from England that were not to be touched, but we could look at them with our hands behind our back. Except for Christmas and very special occasions the parlor was closed. The house was heated with coal stoves, but they did have electric lights and a real bathroom which was a new experience for me. I liked to play on the stairs most of all. My cousins, the Petersens were always there too. They lived in Ogden not far from our grandparents. My Aunt Mary Ann Petersen was my father's only sister, and father was her only brother. They were very close at this time and we always had a wonderful time when we were all at Grandma's house. One event that I always looked forward to at my grandparent's house was on Christmas Eve. After our stockings were all hung up for Santa Claus we had stories, and then Grandma treated us to their English Christmas Eve traditional ceremony. Grandma and grandpa Burnhope were both born in England and lived there until they joined the LDS church and sailed for America in 1868. They met in Ogden and were married in the LDS Endowment House in Salt Lake City on Nov. 18, 1872. There were some English traditions that they continued to enjoy. Grandma would fill a plate with large seeded raisins and pour a small amount of brandy over the top of them. Then grandpa would strike a match and set fire to the raisins and brandy. The flames would go up about a foot. Then each person had to try to get a raisin or two out of the flames. We all succeeded because the fire didn't seem to be hot. The raisins were delicious. When we finished the raisins we had English Christmas cake and a very tiny (about one inch high) glass of what Grandma called her own English wine. I don't know how she made it but it was good. Then the children were sent to bed while the parents and grandparents played checkers and chess until the wee hours. These trips to Ogden were so special. After Grandma died in May 1919 we never again had our English Chrismas Eve. Then Grandpa Burnhope came to live with us in Bothwell until he died in March 1922." 3. "Thomas Charlton Burnhope. 22 Feb 1845-31 Mar 1922. Utah Pioneer. "The life of Thomas Charlton Burnhope is taken from a transcript written by his son Isaac Burnhope in January 1942, and "Sketch of the Life of my Father Isaac Burnhope," written by his daughter Lucile B Swenson (1961), US Censuses of 1880,1900,1910,1920, family research notes of Kerry Petersen (great great grandson), "Sketch of the Life of Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace" (sister), obituaries, and "The Mormon Immigration Index." "My father Thomas Charlton Burnhope, was born February 22, 1845, at West Bolden, Durham County, England, to Isaac and Elizabeth Charlton Burnhope, the sixth in a family of seven children. His parents, Isaac Burnhope and Elizabeth Charlton, were of English birth and Protestant and Catholic faith, until the year 1847 when they were baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. "He joined the LDS Church when he was 18 years of age. Charles Benson baptized him in November 1863. "He also served in the British Army and worked for the railroad as his father did. He was first a tailor working for his brother's tailor shop, but the railroad was his choice. He was a locomotive fireman and near the point of being promoted to engineer at the time, he left England for America." When Thomas was 23 years of age he, with his parents and his sister Elizabeth (Betsy) sailed from Liverpool, England on the sailing ship "John Bright'. Departure was on June 4, 1868 with financial assistance of the Perpetual Immigration Fund of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. On arriving in New York on 14 July 1868, the next day they were conveyed westward by railroad to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Chicago, and then to Laramie, Wyoming via Omaha. The Union Pacific Railroad had reached Laramie, Wyoming in May 1868, just a month more or less before the time the Burnhope family left England. Laramie Wyoming was the western terminus of the Union Pacific Railroad and the temporarily outfitting place for the journey across the mountains with teams. They arrived in Laramie, Wyoming, August 23, 1868. They crossed the plains from Laramie to Utah on July 27 1868 with the John R Murdoch Company wagon train pulled by mule teams, entering Salt Lake City, Utah 19 August 1868, seventy-seven days since departing England. "The fare from the railroad terminus to Salt Lake City was $29.00 which the immigrant was required to pay later." Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace writes: " My parents, with my brother, Thomas, and sister, Betsy, came to Salt Lake City from England in the summer of 1868. They lived with us and in February 1869 father died with erysipelas. Mother was very sick with the dreadful disease, but recovered." The wagon trains and ox teams were discontinued after the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific railroads met at Promontory, Utah, May 10, 1869. Thomas's father, Isaac Burnhope (born 15 November 1808 at Hexham, Northumberland, England) is buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery. His mother Elizabeth Charlton (born 21 September 1806 at Heddon-on-the-Wall, Northumberland, England) remarried to Nicholas Boak, lived in Spanish Fork, Utah until her death on 13 April 1887. She is buried in Spanish Fork, Utah. "After arriving in Salt Lake City, Utah he did several odd jobs and when the Union Pacific Railroad started out of Ogden, Utah for San Francisco, California he got a job laying track up Promontory Hill. Then came the great day of the Golden Spike driven at Promontory, May 10, 1869. This is not the Promontory Point where the Southern Pacific runs now but over the hill. Thomas was in Promontory for the driving of the Golden Spike. From there he went back to Ogden and got a job on the Utah Central Railroad, another track-laying job. Thomas met Mary Ann Osborne (born 27 March 1844 at Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, Kent, England and the daughter of Cornelius and Harriet Elizabeth Morgan Osborne) in Ogden, Utah and they were married in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City, November 18, 1872. They would have seven children, Isaac, 7 September 1873, Mary Ann, 14 October 1876, and five stillborn babies. "Thomas worked at the sawmills in Ogden Canyon for lumber to build a small house." "Then Thomas quit the mill job and went back to the railroad, this time for the Central Pacific, you see by this time, after the Golden Spike was driven, the Central Pacific came through to Ogden" About 1878 they moved to Terrace, Utah, 124 miles from Ogden, Utah, coaling engines for the Central Pacific Railroad. The method of coaling Engines at the time was a rather slow one. It was done with a derrick and buckets that held 1000 lbs. of coal each and two Chinamen wound the derrick by hand. It took about 5 minutes, to raise one bucket, another Chinaman stood on the Tender to dump the bucket when it got to him, and another stayed on the ground to pull the derrick around by means of a 20-foot rope. "Companies only paid every 2 months. Terrace was a railroad town with all its big shops there and a supply center for miners and ranchers, and when payday came around it was a real lively place. Gamblers would come in from everywhere, there was plenty of whiskey and guns and sometimes they did not work together so well. Terrace was a real Wild West town when the miners, cowboys, gamblers and railroad men all got together half lit up on firewater. Any where from 50 to 75 cowpunchers shooting and yelling things got hot. One time I remember the fire department got out and turned the hose on to quiet them down." "The spring of 1885 the family moved to Promontory, Utah, on top of the hill. Trains had to be helped over the hill both ways, there were about ten families at the station. "The 1900 census shows the Thomas Burnhope family living in Promontory, Utah and lists his occupation as Railroad Laborer. Their children were married during this time Isaac to Annie Marie Christensen 18 November 1896 (his parent's anniversary) and Mary Ann to Peter Peterson, 23 September 1897. The Ogden Standard Examiner (25 June 1907) lists a building permit issued to Thomas Burnhope for a frame dwelling on Madison Avenue .Lucile Burnhope Swenson describes her grandparents home . "Their home at 2264 Madison Avenue was a two story house with an open staircase leading to the upstairs. Grandma's parlor had beautiful English furniture and trinkets from England that was not to be touched. The house was heated with coal stoves but they did have electric lights and a real bathroom which was a new experience for me." The 1910 United States Census has Thomas and Mary Ann Burnhope living in Ogden, Utah at 2264 Madison Avenue, this would be their residence for the remainder of their lives together. Thomas Burnhope became a naturalized citizen of the United States of America on 22 December 1908 in Ogden, Utah. He worked for and retired from the Southern Pacific Railroad, he drew small pension from the Railroad. His last check, for nineteen dollars and twenty-five cents was returned to the railroad. Mary Ann Osborne died 15 May 1919 in Ogden, Utah she is buried in the Ogden City Cemetery near some of her babies. The 1920 census has Thomas Burnhope living in Ogden with his son-in-law Peter Petersen. For the last eighteen months of his life, he lived with his son Isaac Burnhope in Bothwell, Utah until his death, 31 March 1922, He is buried next to his wife of 50 years. His grandson Thomas Donald Burnhope wrote in his memoirs, "Grandfather Burnhope came to live with us, we became the best of pals, and we played horseshoes and hunted birds and rabbits. Grandpa was a quoit pitcher back in England, ('kwat, similar to horse shoes in which a ring of iron or rope is thrown towards a pin), his sight was poor so we tied a white rag on the pegs, and he never missed putting on a ringer.." Compiled and written by Kenneth D Burnhope, Great Grand Son. February 2009." 4. New York City Passenger Manifest of the ship "John Bright" (1557 tons), John Iowart[?] master, 14 Jul 1868, departure from Liverpool, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK93-54B2: "456 Isaac Burnhope, 57, m., plate layer, England. 457 Eliza ", 54, f., wife. 458 Thomas ", 23, m., fireman. 459 Betsey Burnhope, 20, f., spinster, England. BIRTH: 1. Birth certificate on file, certified copy BXA073538, application PAS 60746/74/F/1, dated 9 Sep 1974: "Registration District: South Shields; 1845; Birth in Sub-district of Westoe in the County of Durham; No. 133; Born 22 Feb 1845 at Stay the Voyage Boldon, Thomas, boy, Isaac Burnhope father, Elizabeth Burnhope formerly Charlton mother, occupation of father: platelayer; informant: Elizabeth Burnhope living at Stay the Voyage (her mark X); registered 24 Feb 1845 by C. Johnson, registrar." May also be on FHL film 522586. 2. Per obituary. 3. Copy of holographic journal found by Chris Petersen; he does not note author but source of FHL film 362685 is cited. It has much information on the Isaac Burnhope family including the following for this particular individual: "Thomas Burnhope, born Feb'y 22, 1845 at Boldon, Dur. Baptised by Charles Benson, Nov. 1863." 4. Per cemetery record. 5. Handwritten note on the back of a commercial advertising letter dated 1895 [on file], source unknown but appears to be a child of Cornelius and Harriet Osborne: "Edward Lamberth, borned June 27/37 George F., October 29/39 Sampson D. Jany 2/42 Mary A., March 27/44 Cornelius, May 27/47 Lambeth, Jany 4/53 Dad, Aug 11/13 Arlington, Sussex Mother, Decr 25, 1809 Crayford, Kent Thomas Burnhope Feb. 22, 1845" DEATH: 1. Ogden City Cemetery online: Thomas Burnhope, b. 22 Feb 1845 in England, d. 1 Apr 1922 at Ogden, UT, father is Isaac Burnhope, plot D-4-2-1E. Note there are two entries for Thomas with the second showing same plot but with a death date of 31 Mar 1922 in Tremonton, UT. 2. Lot 2, Block 4, Plat D, Ogden, Utah. Tombstone in Ogden Utah Pioneer Cemetery shows birth as 22 Feb 1845 and death as 31 Mar 1922. Approximately 18 total relatives (Osbornes, Burnhopes, Petersens, McCarrels, and Koepkes) buried in near proximity. 3. Per obituary. BURIAL: 1. Per obituary. 2. Per cemetery record. OBITUARY: 1. "Ogden Man Dies on Visit in Tremonton. Thomas Burnhope, one of the pioneers of Ogden, died at the home of his son, Isaac Burnhope of Tremonton, aged 77 years. Mr. Burnhope was born in England, Feb. 22, 1845. He became a member of the L.D.S. church when a young man and came to Utah over 50 years ago. He made his home in Ogden until 18 months ago. Surviving are his son, Isaac Burnhope, of Tremonton, and daughter, Mrs. Peter Peterson, of Ogden. There also survive seven grandchildren, one sister, Mrs. Betsy Mattensen of Payson. The body will arrive in Ogden Sunday morning and will be taken in charge by Larkin & Sons. Funeral services will be held Monday at 1 o'clock in the Sixth ward meetinghouse, conducted by Bishop A.B. Foulger. The body may be viewed at his former home, 2264 Madison avenue, Sunday afternoon and evening and Monday until 12:30 o'clock. Interment in the city cemetery." Ogden Standard Examiner, Sat., 1 Apr 1922. 2. "Long Time Resident of Ogden Laid at Rest. Ogden, April 3. - Funeral services for Thomas Burnhope, 77, were held this afternoon at the Sixth ward chapel with Bishop Arthur B. Foulger officiating. Interment was in the Ogden cemetery. Mr. Burnhope died Friday at the home of his son, Isaac Burnhope, at Tremonton. He was born in England Feb. 22, 1845, and came to Utah 50 years ago as a member of the Church. He lived in Ogden until 18 months ago. Surviving are his son and one daughter, Mrs. Peter Petersen of Ogden, and a sister, Mrs. Betsy Mattesen of Payson." Deseret News, Mon., 3 Apr 1922, p. 10. 3. Funeral services for Thomas Burnhope, who died at the home of his son, Isaac Burnhope, in Tremonton, were held yesterday at 1 o'clock in the Sixth ward meeting house. Bishop Albert Foulger officiatied. 'O My Father' was sung by Marion Sumners; a violin solo was played by Ellen White; 'Face to Face' and 'I Know My Redeemer Lives,' were sung by by Gerald Klomp; 'Sometimes We'll undersand' was given by William S. Wright. The speakers were Bishop M.P. Jorgensen, H.B. Coles of Bothwell, E.A. Lakin and Bishop A.B. Foulger. Four granddaughters of the deceased acted as flower bearers, Miss Marguerite Burnhope, Miss Lucile Burnhope, Miss Helen Petersen and Miss Thelma Peterson. Burial was in the city cemetery with Bishop Foulger dedicating the grave." Ogden Standard Examiner, Tues., 4 Apr 1922. 4. The newspaper "The Ogden Standard-Examiner," April 6, 1922: "Card of Thanks. The loving sympathy of relatives and friends extended during our recent bereavement in the illness and demise of our beloved father, Thomas Burnhope, was a source of great comfort and we desire hereby to express our heartfelt thanks. Isaac Burnhope and Family. Peter Petersen and Family." SOURCES_MISC: 1. Family records compiled by Marguerite Burnhope abt 1922. South Shields Branch records (Birth 22 Feb 1845, Stay the Voyage; Baptism 5 Nov 1863). Endowment: TIB (End. House; 5 Nov 1863; Book G, Nr. 6831, Pg 233) | Burnhope, Thomas Charlton (I8)
|
| 3281 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In mother's obituary of 25 May 1887, she notes 2 daughters and 4 sons alive. This confirms this individual was still alive at that time. Of the siblings, Jane Ann Burnhope Spens was the only one deceased at that time which coincides perfectly with this database. 2. Censuses: 1851 Eng: Whitburn, Durham, p. 16 of 20, #60, res: Stay the Voyage: Isaac Burnhope, 42, platelayer, b. Northumberland, Weamley. Elizabeth, wife, 44, b. Northumberland, Hendon-in-the-Wall. Wm., son, 18, sailor, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Mary Ann, dau., 16, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Jane, dau., 11, b. Durham, East Bolden. Isaac, son, 8, b. Durham, East Bolden. Thomas, son,. 6, b. Durham, East Bolden. Betsy, dau., 2, b. Durham, East Bolden. 1861 England: District 21, Whitburn parish, Durham, p. 21 of 23, house: Stay the Voyage: Isaac Burnop, mar., 52, plate layer. Elizabeth, wife, mar., 54, b. Durham, Newburn. Isaac, son, 18, plate layer, b. Durham, Whitburn. Thomas, son, 16, plate layer, b. Durham, Whitburn. Betsy, dau., 12, b. Durham, Whitburn. Eliza Mitchell, visitor, sing., 20, dressmaker, b. Scotland. 1871 British: East Rainton Parish, High Moorsley Village, Moorsley, North Durham, England, p. 2 of 42: Isaac Burnhope, 28, colliery joiner, b. Durham, East Bolden. Jane, wife, 25, b. Durham, Westerton. Thomas C., son, 5, b. Durham, Moorsley. Maragret A., dau., 3, b. Durham, Moorsley. Joseph, son, 1, b. Durham, Moorsley. Maria J., dau., 2 mos., b. Durham, Moorsley. 1881 British: Moorsley, Durham, England, FHL film 1342197, RG11-4976/125, p. 16, #78 High Moorsley: Isaac Burnhope, married, 28 [typo for 38?], East Boldon, Durham, Eng., coal miner. Jane, wife, married, 35, Westerton, Durham, England. Thomas, son, 15, Moorsley, Durham, Eng., coal miner. Mary A., dau., 13, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. Joseph, son, 11, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. Maria J., dau., 10, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. [Maria Jane died 25 Feb 1885 aged 14 years at High Moorsley per photo of tombstone on file.] Elizabeth, dau., 13, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. George, son, 5, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. Isaac, son, 3, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. 1891 British: Moorsley, Durham, res.: #15 High Moorsley, p. 4 of 38: Isaac Burnhope, married, 48, b. Boldon, Durham, Eng., coal miner. Jane, wife, married, 45, Wisterton, Durham, England. Thomas, son, 25, sing., Moorsley, Durham, Eng., coal miner. Joseph, son, 21, sing., coal miner., Moorsley, Durham, Eng. Elizabeth, dau., 17, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. George, son, 15, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. Isaac, son, 13, Moorsley, Durham, Eng. William, son, 10, Moorsley, Durham. Mary Han., dau., 7, Moorsley, Durham. John, son, 4, Moorsley, Durham. 1901 British: Moorsley, Durham, res.: #15 High Moorsley, p. 4 of 34: Isaac Burnhope, married, 56, b. E. Boldon, Durham, Eng., coal miner. Jane, wife, married, 55, Westerton, Durham, England. Isaac, son, 23, Moorsley, Durham, Eng., coal miner. Will'm, son, 19, Moorsley, Durham, coal miner. Marg't H., dau., 17, Moorsley, Durham. John, son, 14, Moorsley, Durham, pony driver in coal pit. 3. Reviewed Ancestry.com 23 Nov 2002. 4. Per website www.Nathanielspens.com which references IGI, they had the following children: Thomas Charlton Burnhope was born in 1866 in West Bolton, Northumberland, England. Margaret Ann Burnhope was born in 1868 in West Bolton, Northumberland, England. Joseph Burnhope was born in 1869 in West Bolton, Northumberland, England. Maria Burnhope was born in 1871 in West Boldon, Northumberland, England. Elizabeth Burnhope was born in 1873 in West Bolton, Northumberland, England. George Burnhope was born in 1875 in West Bolton, Northumberland, England. Isaac Burnhope was born in 1877 in West Bolton, Northumberland, England. Mary Hannah Burnhope was born about 1884 in West Boldon, Northumberland, England. BIRTH: 1. Certified Copy of an entry of birth; General Register Office, London; Application # 4400 A; Registration District: South Shield; Sub-district: Westoe in the County of Durham; No: 423; When and where born: 23 Oct 1842 at East Boldon; Name: Isaac; Boy; Father: Isaac Burnhope; Mother: Elizabeth Burnhope formerly Charlton; Occupation of father: Platelayer; Informant: Isaac Burnhope, father - East Bolden; When registered: 30 Nov 1842; registrar: C. Johnson. Certificate ordered: 2 Oct 1975; BC 901699 https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/184022438?p=56813319&returnLabel=Isaac%20Burnhope%20(KWJ4-B9M)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Ftree%2Fperson%2Fmemories%2FKWJ4-B9M 2. Chris Petersen noting ward records, FHL film 87033, says 22 Oct 1842; however, birth certificate of 23 Oct 1842 would be the best source and the one I use. 3. Copy of holographic journal found by Chris Petersen; he does not note author but source of FHL film 362685 is cited. It has much information on the Isaac Burnhope family including the following for this particular individual: "Isaac Burnhope, Jun., born Oct. 22, 1843, West Boldon, Durham Co., Baptised Nov. 1863." DEATH: 1. Per LDS Ancestral File v.4.19. SOURCES_MISC: 1. South Shields branch records (Birth 22 Oct 1842, Bapt. 5 Nov 1863)-GS87033, pg. 7). 2. Family group sheet submitted by Josephine H. Bird, 404 Cedar St., Mt. Vernon, Washington. She then lived in Orem, Utah. She cites personal records and autobiographies of Elizabeth Charlton Wallace Hickenlooper and Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace. | Burnhope, Isaac Jr. (I7)
|
| 3282 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In mother's obituary of 25 May 1887, she notes 2 daughters and 4 sons alive. This confirms this individual was still alive at that time. Of the siblings, Jane Ann Burnhope Spens was the only one deceased at that time which coincides perfectly with this database. 2. See notes for Thomas Wallace with which there is included a transcription of his membership record with the following note: "Jane Burnhope Spense, daughter of Isaac Burnhope and Elizabeth Charlton, born 17 Jan 1840 at East Boldon, Durham Co., Eng., died at American Fork 28 Apr 1865. Thomas and Mary A. Burnhope Wallace reed 2nd 14 Jul 1886. Elvira Stowell reed 2nd 14 Jul 1886. Mary A. Burnhope Wallace Proxy." 3. Reviewed Ancestry.com 23 Nov 2002. 4. Censuses: 1841 Eng: Durham, Parish: Bolden p. 6 of 9, image 22 of 27, none born in the county except Jane, Place: East Bolden Village, was indexed as "Burniss," corrected in FS to Burnip: Isaac Burnip, 30, ag lab. Elizabeth, 30. William, 9. Mary, 6. Joseph, 4. Jane, 1. James Henderson, 25, ag. lab., not born in county. 1851 Eng: Whitburn, Durham, p. 16 of 20, #60, res: Stay the Voyage: Isaac Burnhope, 42, platelayer, b. Northumberland, Weamley. Elizabeth, wife, 44, b. Northumberland, Hendon-in-the-Wall. Wm., son, 18, sailor, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Mary Ann, dau., 16, b. Northumberland, Sunnyside. Jane, dau., 11, b. Durham, East Bolden. Isaac, son, 8, b. Durham, East Bolden. Thomas, son,. 6, b. Durham, East Bolden. Betsy, dau., 2, b. Durham, East Bolden. BIRTH: 1. Certified Copy of an entry of birth; General Register Office, London; Application # 4380 A A; Registration District: South Shield; Sub-district: Westoe in the County of Durham; No: 7; When and where born: 17 January 1840 at East Boldon; Name: Jane; Girl; Father: Isaac Burnoph; Mother: Elizabeth Burnhope formerly Charlton; Occupation of father: Labourer; Informant: The X mark of Elizabeth Burnoph, Mother - East Bolden; When registered: 27 January 1840; registrar: C. Johnson. Certificate ordered: 2 Oct 1975; BC 901697 Image: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/184030059?p=56815602&returnLabel=Jane%20Ann%20Burnhope%20(KWJ4-B9C)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Ftree%2Fperson%2Fmemories%2FKWJ4-B9C 2. See note cited above on brother-in-law's membership record. 3. Copy of holographic journal found by Chris Petersen; he does not note author but source of FHL film 362685 is cited. It has much information on the Isaac Burnhope family including the following for this particular individual: "Jane Burnhope, born Jan'y 17, 1840." 4. Marriage sealing done after her death by her husband in 1869 shows reported birthdate of 13 Oct 1840 at Hexham, Cumberland, England. I do not use this considering it is secondhand and at variance to the birth certificate cited above. BIOGRAPHY: 1. Partial quote from website Crossing the ocean. Between 1841 and 1855, most Mormon converts traveled to "Zion" by sailing to New Orleans then up the Mississippi River to various departure points. After 1856, however, options included travel by railroad from New York to Chicago and beyond. Elder George Q. Cannon, president of the European Mission, chartered three ships in 1864, "The General McClellan," "The Monarch of the Sea" and "The Hudson." These three ships transported a total of 2,633 Saints from Liverpool to New York City. The latter two ships made the voyage in 36 and 45 days respectfully [respctively]. In general immigrations to the U.S were very low due to the on-going Civil War. Undaunted, Jane and Nathaniel prepared to travel to the land of Zion to join with the Saints. Jane Ann must have looked forward to reuniting herself with her dear sister, Mary Ann. Among their possessions to be taken were Nathaniel's graining brushes, a small photograph album and a wooden-panel painting by Nathaniel. On Saturday, May 21, 1864 just after Willie's first birthday, Nathaniel and his little family sailed from Liverpool, England for New York City aboard "The General McClellan," commanded by Captain G. D. S. Trask. The following account is taken from the Millennial Star: "This ship was chartered to sail on the 20th ult. but, owing to the rain which set in, the upper deck could not be used for the purpose of examination of passengers, who had, consequently; to undergo inspection between decks. This put them to some inconvenience and discomfort, but, not withstanding this, we did not hear one unkind word or one ill-natured remark from the Saints during the proceedings, which occupied some little time. In consequence of unavoidable delays, the vessel could not be cleared until next day (21st). On the morning of the 21st President Cannon, with a number of Elders, proceeded on board the vessel for the purpose of organizing the company" (Mill. Star 26:364). Appropriate instructions were given to the Saints aboard "The General McClellan." Three returning missionaries on board were called to serve as a presidency to assist the Saints in gathering to Zion. Elder Thomas E. Jeremy was appointed to preside over the company, with Elders Joseph Bull and George G. Bywater as counselors. Elder John C. Graham who had labored in the "Millenniel Star" office for many years was appointed clerk. The account in the Millenniel Star continues, "The ship was divided off into (twelve) wards, over each of which an Elder was placed to preside. On the evening of the 21st the vessel proceeded to sea, laden with her freight of precious souls, and accompanied by the best wishes and prayers of all true Saints. She had 802 souls on board, nearly all of whom have paid their fares through to Wyoming." The Elders appointed over the wards assisted the presidency with the spiritual needs of the Saints as well as "serving out provisions" for the physical needs of these Saints. May 21, 1864, John C. Graham, clerk, sent the following communication to President Cannon through the kindness of the pilot: "All the Saints on board seem quite satisfied with their new condition. They have not yet had time to experience the effects of traveling, having been only about three hours on our way, (we started from off the Landing-stage at 6:15 p.m.); still those disagreeable effects which are invariably experienced by poor landsmen (such for instance, as myself) I presume will, in due time, be felt by our company. At present, I can hear the notes of some beautiful hymn being sung with evident delight and happiness, by a large portion of the passengers, and I suppose their countenances bear the marks of joy and gratitude for the deliverance which is afforded them by the Almighty, judging by the feeling with which they sing the verses of the hymn. We pray that our passage may be a safe, prosperous and happy one. It has been what thousands of our brethren and sisters have realized by their faith and trust in Him, and it is what we may realize, too, if we place our dependence upon God, who is the deliverer of his Saints, and the great Captain of our salvation. I hope, that I may be true to my holy calling and ever be found trying to work out my personal salvation. I have set out for this purpose. Nothing but my religion would ever have educed me to leave my native land with those prospects which are before me. I go to Zion to serve God, and I pray that when I get there I may do so (see Manuscript History of the British Mission, pp. 3-4)." On May 22, Brother Graham made the following entry: "We are just off Holyhead - all well. The boat that towed us out is just leaving. Everyone feels well, so far as I know. Those who felt a little regret before starting, now are quite satisfied and contented. I expect there will be many soon experience some disagreeable feelings - the ship having her sails unfurled and tossing a bit. We have now a fair wind and good prospects." We can only surmise the individual experience of the Spens family on board "The General McClellen" as they crossed the Atlantic Ocean, leaving behind their homeland. We do, however, have a carefully written account prepared as a report to President Cannon. Written Sunday, June 19th the report provides general information about the passage from Liverpool to New York City acquainting President Cannon and friends left behind of the expected "safe arrival of the ship and its precious cargo": "Our distance from the desired port is but 450 miles, which, with some of the winds that we have had while on the voyage, might very soon be made; but, with the winds that we at present have, it is not likely that we will be able to reach New York much before the expiration of another week." The brethren went on to explain that there were several sick on board who have, "since leaving England, suffered very much from extreme weakness." About the voyage, the Presidency reported: "Since bidding you adieu we have had cause for no other feeling but that of gratitude to our Father in heaven for the manifold blessings which have been conferred upon us during the passage thus far. The power of the Holy Ghost, with its healing influences, has been often demonstrated in our midst. Suffice it to say, no company could wish for a better and indeed, we very much doubt if they could have a pleasanter passage across the mighty deep than this company has had. Health has almost generally prevailed; peace, concord and the Spirit of God have been abundantly manifested." President Cannon was told that the pleasant weather, according to the captain, "has been made for the Latter-day Saints." Not only was the fair weather a subject of surprise to Captain Trask, but also the health of the crowded Saints. It is noted in the report that both the captain and the surgeon admitted, "that for such a large company, they never were associated with a more healthy or a happier class of people." Statistics confirm the health of the Saints. During the voyage only one death was reported. Five-week-old Seth Holgate died on June 6th and was consigned to a watery grave as his father mourned, his mother having died before the voyage began. Two babies were born and named after the ship - Jenny McClellan Gee and George McClellan Hutchison - the babies were healthy and both mothers recovered. The brethren went on to give more details of the voyage, recounting that "a good easterly wind" had taken the boat along smoothly for eleven days. Then came frequent head winds and a few calms, "and in consequence, the ship has had a great deal of tacking to do in order to take what advantage she could of the wind." Not withstanding the over-all good weather, some rough weather is also described: "On the night of Thursday, the 9th inst., while in the vicinity of the Banks of Newfoundland, the wind rose to a high degree, and continued to rage with increasing fury during the whole of the night. It was during this night that the ship experienced the greatest shock it had ever before, since it has been a ship, received. It was caused by a heavy sea which rolled forward in her course and completely engulfed the bow of the ship, causing the after part of the vessel to rise to a fearful height. The man on the look-out on the forecastle deck, and the man at the wheel, were nearly carried away. Such a noise of boxes falling and tins jumping caused the air to reverberate in a not very melodious manner; the cracking of timbers, mingled with a chorus of juvenile voices, you would never desire to hear again. The night was foggy (the horn being blown every few minutes), and as icebergs had been seen and felt - it was very naturally concluded that the ship had struck one of those formidable bodies and sprung a leak, for the rushing of water could be distinctly heard. However, the fears of the people were soon quieted by the reassuring words of the first officer who cried below, 'All's right,' and the words of a hymn soon restored to the timid and fearful, confidence..." Christopher Alston (Carter, 1965) was eleven years old at the time of crossing. He later recorded the storm, never having been told that, although there were icebergs in the vacinity, an iceberg did not strike the ship: "One night, in dense fog, our ship struck a monstrous iceberg and was nearly wrecked, but was miraculously saved. It was thrown from side to side - people, utensils and luggage in one great pile. The rattle of pans, dishes and baggage, and the cries of women and Children, the shouts of men, the commands of officers, the banging and bumping of the ship against the iceberg made it seem as if two monsters were trying to beat each other to pieces and the great floating mountain of ice would overwhelm the sturdy ship and sink her in the deep sea with all on board. But it was not to be so, we were in the hands of the "Master of ocean and earth and skies." Weather permitting, general meetings were held on deck and the Elders gave discourses on "the blessings which God had vouchsafed unto the Saints." Individual ward meetings were held morning and evening, and were devoted to singing, testimony bearing and praying. On the 19th of June a conference was held on deck "at which most of the passengers convened. The Presidents of the Wards occupied the chief portion of the time in bearing testimony, and advancing some timely counsel suited to the circumstances under which the Saints are placed. At this meeting several resolutions of thanks to the officers of the ship were drawn up and tendered to them, expressive of the gratitude of the Saints for the watchful care which had been shown to make them comfortable." A major item of business on the 19th of June was preparation for landing and is noted in the report to President Cannon: "In anticipation of sundry expenses which the company may have to meet - such, for instance, as the passing of the baggage through the Customs, and supporting on the journey from New York to Wyoming, those who are destitute of funds, of whom we find an unusually large number - we have made collections in the various Wards. Our call was cheerfully responded to by those who possessed means, and many were found to be acting too generously, for they were to some extent depriving themselves of what they would necessarily require. Again, in accordance with your instructions, the Saints have been recommended to deposit their sterling money in our hands, for the purpose of converting it into American currency, and taking for them advantage of the market. Those who possessed gold and silver readily transferred it for that purpose into our hands. Every preparation necessary to be made for the landing of the company at New York and everything that we could do to facilitate the business consequent on their deembarkation, have been done in view of lightening the labors of our brethren there." With so many people crowded together, the leaders were very strict and rigid in reference to cleanliness. There were a very few whose unclean habits needed repeated instruction. "Altogether, however, we can boast of a clean and orderly body of people, and the fact that none have been afflicted with any other complaint than sea-sickness, is sufficient to justify our statement." On Tuesday, June 21st, Nathaniel celebrated his 26th birthday. About 3:00 p.m. on that same day there was a "terrific commotion" on board. Someone had sighted the pilot boat. "The pilot! The pilot! The cry was taken up between decks followed by a tumultuous rush up the hatchway, and folks lined the bulwarks immediately, to await the pilot's arrival. Dinners were abandoned for the time, and a general holiday all over the ship appeared to be in full enjoyment, the excitement being intense." The pilot arrived "admidst thunders of applause." The "General McClellen" was about 130 miles from New York, traveling at about 11 1/2 knots per hour. On Wednesday, June 22nd, at 4:00 p.m., Sandy Hook came into view after 32 days of sailing. The report continued, "Expect to anchor for the night as soon as we get through Quarantine." Expecting to be leaving the ship, the resolution of thanks prepared by the company for the Captain was presented to Captain Trask shortly after sighting Sandy Hook. The Captain made the following written reply: "Gentlemen (Messrs. Jeremy, Bull, Bywater and Graham), - You will please accept and convey to the passengers my thanks for the very handsome testimonial which you have presented me with. I am happy that my endeavors to make your passage pleasant and agreeable have been successful, and acknowledge the pride I feel in so flattering an approval of my course and conduct. The gratitude evinced, the regard conveyed, and the thorough feeling of kindness and respect manifested by them, are both appreciated and reciprocated, and will be long treasured. And I trust this favorable passage is a foreshadowing of the remainder of your journey - not only to Utah, but through life - and that you and they may be richly blessed in the enjoyments a good people are deserving of. Signed GOD. Trask." NEW YORK, AMERICA. On that same June 22, in the evening the report to President Cannon continued with the following message: "9 o'clock p.m. - Just anchored in the bay. The people passed the medical officer without difficulty. Captain Trask handed Brother Graham a couple of sovereigns, one to be given to each of the parents of the two children born on the voyage, accompanied by his best wishes for the children's welfare. May the Lord bless him for his kindness to the people." The conclusion of the report was written on Thursday morning, June 23, 1864: "We are now waiting for our landing at Castle Gardens, so we will bring this letter to a close, and pray that God may bless you and all whom we have left behind, with the choicest of his blessings" (Mill. Star 26:476). Castle Garden was formerly known as Castle Clinton. Castle Clinton was a federal fort built in 1807 when tension between Great Britain and the United States was escalating. Situated on an island some 300 feet off the tip of Manhattan Island, its 28 guns and eight-foot-thick walls offered security through the War of 1812. In 1823 Castle Clinton was converted to a theater, renamed Castle Garden, and was the scene of many spectacular social events. Not many years later, Castle Garden was incorporated into Manhattan by landfill from the construction of subways. In 1855 Castle Garden became an immigrant landing depot and during the next 45 years about eight million people, including Nathaniel Spens, were processed at the old fort. Finally, in 1890, the federal government took over the state-operated reception depot after numerous reports of corrupt officials exploiting unsuspecting aliens. The continuing influx of immigrants swamped Castle Garden and, in 1892, the operation was transferred to Ellis Island. In 1946 Fort Castle Clinton was restored and designated as a National Monument (Allen, 1990). There were upwards of one thousand emigrants at Castle Garden in advance of the Saints aboard "The General McClellan," and it was necessary to spend one more night on board the ship. Elders Joseph A. Young, Brigham Young, Jr. and Paul A. Schettler boarded the ship Thursday evening and addressed the Saints. They expressed satisfaction at the prearrangement of the business connected with the landing of the people and their further journey toward Wyoming. Elders J. A. Young, B. Young, Jr., and Schettler had not received communication respecting the business of these Saints nor a list of the passengers. Notwithstanding the mail steamer with this information had been detained at sea, these three brethren were able to settle everything with surprisingly little difficulty as noted in the presidency's report: "There was but one obstacle that we foresaw would interfere with our immediate departure from New York, and that was the examination of the passengers' baggage, which we anticipated would be diligently overhauled by the officers. Doubtless through the heavy demands on the United States Government for the continued support of the expensive war now being waged upon this continent, a strict and rigid system of searching emigrants' luggage for contraband articles, is enforced; the officers charge for almost everything besides what individuals are clothed with. This obstacle, however, was removed, and we succeeded in having everything landed without the people being detained in New York longer than twelve hours. We left New York in the afternoon (Friday, June 24) for Albany, by the magnificent steamboat, St. John, and arrived early the following morning (Saturday, June 25). The organization of the company remained, at Brother Joseph A. Young's desire, as it originally stood." Travel from New York to Nebraska. According to young Christopher Alstron, the company traveled up the Hudson River toward Canada "to avoid the Armies of the Rebellion, broken bridges, uptorn railways, etc. incident to a war which was raging in the States between the North and the South, with blood and rapine in all the land " (Carter, 1965). After a few hours in Albany, the Saints continued their journey by "cars" (railway cars). On Sunday morning they reached Rochester where they were detained until 2 o'clock in the afternoon, according to the Manuscript History of the British Mission. There had been "an accident to the luggage-train locomotive which was in our rear." At Buffalo, "in consequence of our detention at Rochester," railroad officials distributed a quantity of biscuits and cheese to the passengers. Another distribution was made at Fort Huron. At Chicago Judge Kinney of Utah and Elders William S. Godbe and Francis A. H. Mitch gave President Thomas E. Jeremy fifty dollars to assist the immigrating Saints. According to the Manuscript History of the British Mission, "This money and the generous help of the railroad officials were much appreciated as a large number of the emigrants were entirely destitute of means and dependent upon President Jeremy and his assistants to supply their needs." Parley P. Pratt joined this company in Chicago and traveled with them to Wyoming near Omaha, Nebraska Territory. [Kerry's note: this appears incorrect since Parley died circa 1857 unless this should be Orson Pratt, Parley's brother.] Nathaniel must have heard firsthand some of the stories this missionary shares with present-day readers through his autobiography. Parley's joining the Saints surely was one of "the blessing of the Lord" noted to have been upon the travelers, "his providence has met us under every ill-favoured circumstance and supplied our wants." The presidency continue their report, "To no other power but the power of the Almighty can be ascribed our prosperity and success." On July 1, 1864 after six days on the train, the Saints arrived in St. Joseph, Missouri and "occupied a large shed-room attached to the warehouse of the Steam-packet Company." Having arrived on the frontier of civilization, the Saints took extreme safety precautions according to the following details from the Manuscript History: "Every able-bodied man was stationed as a guard, so that clear around the building there was a strong guard watching the safety and property of those who slept. Some of the Saints preferred sleeping in the open air, in consequence of the intense heat, which is such as many - especially from the old country - never experienced before. Around these was also stationed a strong guard." On July 2nd about half-past ten in the morning, the journey by steamer up the Missouri River began with the expectation of reaching Wyoming by the 3rd in the evening. As expected, on July 3rd, the company reached their destination of Wyoming, Nebraska Territory. No deaths had occurred since little Seth died while crossing the Atlantic. With only one or two exceptions, all the Saints who left England with this company, together with a few who had joined the company in New York and along the way, arrived in Wyoming safely. Crossing the Plains. Wyoming was a village situated on the west bank of the Missouri River, seven miles north of Nebraska City and 40 miles south of Omaha, Nebraska. The village of Wyoming was selected by the Church leaders as an outfitting station that year (Mill. Star 27:16). Two large warehouses had been constructed in addition to a store, the emigration office, a coral and a few dwellings. Elder Joseph Young was in charge of the outfitting station. Earlier this particular year, at Brigham Young's request, the Utah Church members again responded to the call to assist emigrating Saints. A total of 170 wagons, 1,717 oxen, 58 horses and 28 mules were sent in charge of six captains, 27 mounted guards and 144 experienced teamsters (Journal History of March 6, 1864). More was needed than transportation and good [h]onest men who were expected to conduct themselves as if on a mission. Supplies requested for the trip East included molasses, grain, meat, and cotton. A large amount of freight was also sent to Utah from Wyoming, Nebraska. The Union Pacific Railroad did not begin to move west from Omaha until July 10, 1865 so all freight ordered by merchants, contractors and private individuals was freighted through the Church Emigration Office. Merchandise, ironware, stoves, glass and other commodities were loaded on wagons and moved west. President Joseph Young stated that "after all the wagons had been loaded, there were still one hundred tons of freight in the warehouses ready for shipment." Gold seekers and pioneers migrating west to California, Oregon and Washington increased the shortage of good wagons and strong animals for the Latter-Day Saints' use. Immediately the newly-arrived Saints began preparing for their overland journey of more than a thousand miles - across the great plains of Nebraska, over the mountains in Wyoming and Utah and finally into the Great Salt Lake Valley to their new home in Zion. From the Presidency's report we read: "The Saints have commenced camp life already. Some are sleeping in wagons, others under tents, and others, again, with nothing but the sky to cover them. This change in their mode of life, however, has its novelty and its pleasures. A few only express themselves dissatisfied with the change, and because of the inconveniences they have been subjected to, consider that the Work of God here and on the journey hither, is not the same glorious Work which they labored to promote in those lands whence they came." Most of the Saints were assigned either to Captain Rawlins or to Captain Warren's company. Nathaniel, Jane and their children, Isabella and Willie, were assigned to the Rawlins Company, and on July 15th, just twelve days after their arrival in Camp Wyoming, continued on their way west. Joseph S. Rawlins's train was partially loaded with freight and families were assigned to certain wagons. According to the recollections of Harry M. Payne whose family joined the company in Camp Wyoming, his family and relatives, totaling fifteen people, loaded "all their earthly possessions on top of a part of a load of freight." So many assigned to one wagon naturally required "all able-bodied individuals make the journey on foot" (Payne, 1974). Richard Daniels Brown, Jr. joined the train part way across the prairie and noted that he had "walked on the prairie with sore feet, bleeding and hungry" before finding his parents in this train (Brown, 1973). Christopher Alstron remembered walking the full 1,100 miles on foot. He recalled severe trials and hardships. One particular night "after the tents were set up and the camp was asleep, there came up a fearful wind, then rain fell in torrents, and every tent was blown down except the one we were in..." Christopher goes on to recount details that must have matched the chores and worries of other young boys in the company. The same worries must have been shared by Nathaniel and Jane whose children were too young to assist them: "Crossing the prairie there was no fuel other than buffalo chips with which to cook our little meals of bread and meat. Think of cooking your supper, after a long day's walk, over a fire of "chips" with the wind blowing over the great plains, and sometimes rain putting out the fire, and going to bed without any supper, getting up in the morning at daylight to find everything soaking wet and nothing to burn to cook your breakfast with, hooking up the oxen and traveling until noon, trying to find some dry "chips" to make a fire to cook dinner! Such was our life on the plains before we reached the mountain country where we procured sticks to use with the "chips" (Carter, 1965). From the Millennial Star (26: 460, 476, 479, 539, 717-718) we learn more details of their journey: "Captain Joseph. S. Rawlins Church Train of ox-drawn wagons and consisting of a large company of emigrating Saints, left Wyoming, Nebraska Territory on July 15, 1864. Most of these Saints crossed the Atlantic in the ship, 'General McClellan.' " Captain Rawlins was at Laramie on the 20th of August (p.717). Another telegram indicated the train was at Deer Creek on the 26th of August and reported that "nine oxen died between Laramie and here." From a telegram sent to President Brigham Young from the Sweetwater Bridge under date of Sept. 1st, it was learned that "the train was in fine condition, traveling all right and all doing well." From one more telegram, sent from the Little Sandy Sept. 9th, it was learned that "the train was still in good condition, company well and cattle traveling well." A list of passengers in this company was published in the Deseret News Weekly, Vol 13, on August 17, 1864 on page 369 in anticipation of the company's arrival. The list was also published in Journal History September 20, 1864, on page one. Besides the Rawlins Company, five other church trains and three independent companies left Wyoming, Nebraska that same year. According to the Millennial Star (27:16), "Of the 2,697 emigrants, 118 provided their own teams. About 2,508 Saints (including Nathaniel Spens and his family) crossed the plains in Church Trains." The emigrants' nationalities were noted as 1343 English, 209 Scotch, 12 Irish, 132 Welsh, 427 Danes, 338 Swedes, 14 Norwegians, 31 Germans, 60 Dutch, 10 French, 79 Swiss, 1 Russian, 1 Italian and 20 Americans. Nathaniel is suspected to have announced himself as a Scot even though his little family were all English. The last train left the outfitting village of Wyoming, Nebraska in August and arrived in Salt Lake City November 2nd. President Joseph Young reported the last train had some worry of Indian trouble in Nebraska but proceeded safely. He noted that 1864 had been a prosperous season of work. Utah at last. In four months Nathaniel, Jane and their two children, traveling by ship, steamer, railway and ox-cart, had crossed the Atlantic Ocean, the United States, the great plains and the Continental Divide. All had gone well for Nathaniel and Jane. Then, on September 4, 1864, three days after leaving Sweetwater Bridge and just sixteen days before the J. S. Rawlins company arrived in the Great Salt Lake Valley, little Willie Spens died. We do not have an account of Nathaniel and Jane's sorrow over the loss of their little son, but there is an account of the death of little Thomas Payne just two weeks prior to Willie's death. Thomas, a baby, nearly two years of age, "took sick about half way to Utah, and lingered along for two or three weeks and finally died on August 22, 1864, as we were camped at a place called "Bitter Cottonwood." He died a martyr to the cause for want of proper food. He cried for a slice of yeast bread cut from a loaf, which could not be provided. He could not be comforted. He was unable to eat the rough food that was provided the company." That sorrowful day the family stayed behind. "They dressed Thomas's body in a little red dress and sewed him up in a sheet, there being no material available with which to make a coffin. The body was placed in a grave, with the end gate of a wagon box laid over it to protect it as much as possible; another mound to mark the way to Zion" (Payne, 1974). Was William's a lingering sickness? Was he also sewed in a sheet? Did the little Spens family linger behind on September 4th? While Nathaniel dug the grave did Mrs. Payne, great with her next child (and Ann Price who also buried a little boy on the trail), linger behind with Jane to comfort her? And did those two women then take Isabella by the hand while Nathaniel comforted Jane? On September 20, 1864 the company entered the valley, and Nathaniel and Jane, like thousands of other Saints, had paid a price in answering the call to gather to Zion. Nathaniel would later learn that back in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne on December 20, 1864 his sister, Sarah, lost her six-year-old daughter, Isabella Irvine Douse, to acute hydrocephalus. While Nathaniel's and Jane's grief was tempered by the gospel plan, Sarah's sorrow cut deep into her soul. American Fork, Utah. At the time of this writing it is speculative as to where Nathaniel Spens lived; however, it is thought that he settled with his wife and daughter in American Fork soon after his arrival in Salt Lake City. We can imagine the joyful reunion for Jane Ann and her sister Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace. Little Isabella met her cousin Annie. Aunt Mary Ann's sorrow over the recent death of Jane Ann's little Willie was genuine and brought fresh memories of her little Thomas, born 24 October 1862 and buried 22 May 1864 in American Fork. The Wallaces probably took Nathaniel and Jane Ann to visit their Thomas's little grave and shared the following poem which was penned by Thomas Michael Wallace 22 May 1864: "This evening at sundown died my son, Thomas. He was a lovely, mild, and affectionate boy. He has gone to the land of repose, No sorrow nor sin there annoys. But here we must mourn over the loss Of our lovely, affectionate boy. Farewell for a while, brightest gem. Thou wilt shine in thy newly won life. We will join thee in years yet to come When we've valiantly finished the strife." The following spring, 1865, Mary Ann and Jane Ann were both with child. On 10 March 1865, Mary Ann gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth. A few weeks later, on 28 April 1865, not even a year after Nathaniel and Jane arrived in Utah, Jane Ann Burnhope Spens died and was buried on the second of May, probably laid to rest beside Mary Ann's baby, Thomas. The new sorrow and loss Nathaniel and little Isabella felt were tempered by the hope of meeting beyond the veil, and were not reasons to berate God or his new religion. Death was not new to Nathaniel; he had lost his own mother at the age of thirteen and many of his brothers and sisters had died young. It seems that his mother, Isabella Irvine Spens, was a carrier for hemophilia as was his sister, Sarah. It is suspected that Mary Ann helped with little Isabella following Jane Ann's death. Mary Ann probably wrote her parents the sad news of Willie's and Jane's death. Some four years later, Isaac and Elizabeth Burnhope may have watched for a particular little mound near the Sweetwater Bridge that marked their grandson?s mortal existence. (The Burnhopes provided their own passage fare and sailed June 4, 1868 on the "John Bright," with two children, Thomas, 23, and Betsey, 20. Isaac was 57 years old at the time, occupation, slate layer, and his wife, Elizabeth was 59. "Crossing the Ocean.") MARRIAGE: 1. 1861 - Isaac Burnhope in entry for Nathaniel Spens & Jane Ann Burnhope - Marriage "England, Northumberland, Parish Registers, 1538-1950" 4 September 1861 https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QP3Y-31LD "England, Northumberland, Parish Registers, 1538-1950", database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QP3Y-31LD : 19 April 2021), Isaac Burnhope in entry for Nathaniel Spens, 1861. Parish registers of St. John’s Church, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, marriage, Image 365 of 1161 1861 Marriage solemnized at The Parish Church in the parish of St John in the county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne; No 456; When married: 4 Sept 1861 Nathaniel Spens; Full age, Batcheler; Painter; Residence at time of marriage: This parish; Father: James Spens; Father profession: Copper Plate Printer. Jane Ann Burnhope; Full age, Spinster; Residence at time of marriage: This parish; Father: Isaac Burnhope; Father profession: Brick Layer. Married in the parish Church according to the Rites and Ceremonies of the Established Church, by [blank] or after Banns by me Rowland Past. This marriage was solemnized between us, Nathanial Spens and Jane Ann Burnhope in the presence of us, [Joseph?] Spens and John Findley. DEATH: 1. See note cited above on brother-in-law's membership record. 2. Biography notes death date of 2 May. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Family group sheet submitted by Josephine H. Bird, 404 Cedar St., Mt. Vernon, Washington. She then lived in Orem, Utah. She cites personal records and autobiographies of Elizabeth Charlton Wallace Hickenlooper and Mary Ann Burnhope Wallace. | Burnhope, Jane Ann (I6)
|
| 3283 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In Peter Eller's probate of 1799, there is a John Eller mentioned who could possibly be this individual (his brother) or possibly Peter's son John: FHL book 929.273 P684pn: "Graybill/Stoker/Eller/Smith/Koons/Pitt Connections," by Norman E. 'Gene' Pitt, 1996, pp. 119-123: "An accounting of the sale of Peter Eller's personal estate after his death follows: The personal estate of Peter Eller was sold and an accounting reported to the Nov 1799 court of Wilkes Co., NC by John Eller, Adr. The property, 111 individual sales, consisted of household utensils and furniture, farm yard tools, and accessories, including one tomahawk, ten sheep, fifteen head of cattle, among which were a yoke of yearlings and one yearling bull, hogs, geese, beehives, etc. The widow took a good deal of the furniture and household accessories including interestingly enough a trumpet which indicates that the early Ellers possessed musical interest. Other items taken by her were one lot of books, a chest, five head of hogs, four cows, one mare colt, two sheep, oven hammer and anvil and a pair of saddle bags. Other purchasers were John Eller, Michael Bumgardner, Leonard Bumgardner, John Dick, Leonard Pfouts, Jacob Huntsinger, Daniel Dickson, James Dickson, James Cash, William Cash, Henry Michael Sr., Henry Michael Jr., Danien Michael, Thomas Baker, Alexander Smith who purchased the tomahawk and some of the farm animals and other items, David Smith, Frederick Younce, Christian Shear, Abraham Shear, Coonrod Coldiron, David Ingram, Balsar Raimer, Conrat Grub, William Colward, George Miller, John Calloway, Allen Nowlin, John Holman and John Tirey. The amount of the sale, including the items taken by the widow, totaled 300 pounds, 18 shillings, 7 pence. (Will Book 1, pp. 540-41, Wilkes Co., NC)." 2. There is a John Eller mentioned with Michael Stoker as chain carriers in the survey of some land in Wilkes Co., NC granted to Conrad Dick and later sold to Peter Eller. They are listed as neighbors. John may be this individual or Peter's brother John Eller. 3. Censuses: 1800 US: Ashe County, North Carolina. The total population for Ashe County, North Carolina in 1800 was 2785, including slaves. The 1800 Ashe County Census was the first for the northwestern most county in the Tar Heel State. This county was formed in late 1799 and included all of Wilkes County west of the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountain. The 977 square miles that then composed Ashe County has been further divided, first in 1849 to form Watauga County, North Carolina and again 10 years later to form Alleghany County. This record includes families who may have been living in those areas at the time. The original census was in rough alphabetic order, and this does not facilitate the research of particular communities. I include all interrelated families of this time and place to better show relationships. A word of explanation on some of these families: A. Mary and Barbara Burkett who married Peter and David Graybeal, had a father named Christian - unsure as to which is correct of the two. B. Elizabeth Eller appears to be Elizabeth Dick, the wife of Peter Eller who had just died per his probate of 1799.The one daughter is probably Mary; unsure who the two boys are since there should be three: Jacob, Henry, and George. John Eller would be Elizabeth's eldest son and married to Susannah Kerns. C. Henry Graybeal would have recently married Celia Henson and also the eldest son of [John] Peter and Christina [Wampler] Graybill who also appear to be in this same census. Note that Peter evidently had owned slaves at that time - the census does not say how many. D. One of the William Hensons could be somehow related to William Henson who marries Nancy Graybill and to Celia Henson who marries Henry Graybeal. E. The two Koons are probably brothers and are sons of Devault Koon judging from their ages. This would make them uncles to George Koons who eventually marries Mary Eller. F. James Lewis, b. abt. 1790, marries Christena Graybill in 1807 - there may be a connection with these two James Lewis. G. William Pennington marries Barbara (or Elizabeth) Eller and may be the younger of the two here listed. H. Michael Stucker is a misspelling for Michael and Catherine Eller Stoker with their three oldest children: Polly, David, and Elizabeth. Head of Family; Males 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+; Females - 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+: Burkett, Christian; 1-2-0-1-0; 1-0-2-0-0 Burkett, Christian; 4-1-0-1-0; 1-0-1-0-0 Eller, Elizabeth; 1-0-1-0-0; 0-0-1-0-1 Eller, John; 3-0-0-1-0; 1-0-0-1-0 Graybeal, Henry; 0-0-1-0-0; 2-0-1-0-0 Graybeal, Peter; 2-1-1-0-1; 3-1-0-0-1 Henson, William; 0-1-1-0-0; 2-0-1-0-0 Henson, William; 3-0-0-0-1; 1-1-1-0-0 Koons, George; 0-0-1-0-1; 0-0-0-0-1 Koons, John; 0-0-1-0-1; 0-1-2-0-1 Lewis, James; 2-2-1-0-1; 4-1-0-0-1 Lewis, James, Jr.; 1-0-1-0-0; 1-0-1-0-0 Pennington, William; 0-1-0-1-0; 1-2-1-0-1 Pennington, William; 0-0-1-0-0; 0-0-1-0-0 Stucker, Michael; 1-0-0-1-0; 2-0-0-1-0 1810 US: Ashe County, North Carolina; I include several related families in my database for this time and place. Some notes: A. One of the two William Penningtons is married to an Eller - I assume it is the one with a younger wife. B. One of the two Christian Burketts is probably the parent of Barbara and Mary who married Graybeal brothers. C. James Lewis married Christina Graybill. D. The older Peter Graybill would be John Peter and Christina Wampler Graybill. The other Peter and Henry would be their sons. E. Adam Wilker could be Adam Welker, father of James Welker who later marries Elizabeth Stoker. F. Surprisingly there is no Michael Stoker who should be there unless in adjoining county. G. One of the two George Koons should be the George Koons of this database. H. Not sure why two J. Ellers unless the transcriber inadvertently named the "J." as both Jacob when in fact the older one is John. Peter Eller would be a brother. I. The older Peter Graybill would be John Peter Graybill, father of the other two Graybills: Henry and Peter [Jr.]. Head of Family; Males 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+; Females - 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+; Slaves: Pennington, W. (William); 1-0-1-0-0; 2-0-1-0-0 Bourket C. (Christian); 2-2-2-0-1; 5-1-1-1-0 Wilker, A. (Adam); 0-1-2-0-1; 0-1-0-0-1 Graybill, H. (Henry); 3-0-0-1-0; 2-0-1-0-0 Lewis, J. (James); 1-0-1-0-0; 1-0-1-0-0 Graybill, P. (Peter); 0-1-0-1-0; 0-1-0-0-1 Graybeal, P. (Peter); 1-0-1-0-0; 1-0-1-0-0 Graybill, H.; 2-0-1-0-0; 3-0-0-1-0 Koons, G. (George); 2-0-0-1-0; 2-0-0-1-0 Pennington, W. (Wm); 2-0-1-0-0; 2-0-0-0-1 Eller, P. (Peter); 3-0-0-1-0; 2-0-0-1-0 Eller, J. (Jacob); 2-3-1-0-0; 2-0-0-1-0 Burket, C. (Christian); 4-1-0-0-1; 0-1-0-0-1 Koontz, G. (George); 1-0-0-1-0; 2-0-1-0-1; 3 Eller, J. (Jacob [John?]); 2-0-0-1-0; 1-0-1-0-0 1810 US (Variant): Carolina, Rowan, North Carolina, p. 14 of 33: John Ellor Sen'r, males: 1-1-1-0-1, females: 2-2-0-0-1. 1820 US: Wilkes Co., NC, p. 29 of 57: John Eller, males: 1@10-16, 1@16-18; 2@16-26, 1@45+; females: 1 under 10, 1@10-16, 1@16-26, 1@45+. 4. FHL Book 929.273EL54h "George Michael Eller and Descendants of His in America," compiled by James W. Hook, 1957, also on FHL film 896571, item 2, pp. 17-31, clarifies early North Carolina counties and land grant practices: "Land grants in North Carolina originated with an entry application which was filed in the county where the land was situated and if not lost are now on file there. This was followed, sometimes soon and sometimes years later by an order from the land office for the tract to be surveyed. Sometimes soon and sometimes years later the survey was made and a surveyor's plat filed with the Secretary of State in Raleigh. Then came the grant which may have been issued reasonably near the date of the survey or sometimes several years later. These grants, orders to survey and the survey itself are on file now in the Secretary of State's office at Raleigh... Many counties were formed from what originally was Rowan County, namely Surry and Guilford in 1770, Burke and Wilkes in 1777, Randolph in 1779, Iridell in 1788, Stokes in 1789, Buncomb in 1791, Ashe in1799, Davidson in 1822, Yancey in 1833, Davie in 1836 and Yadkin in 1850. Some of these counties were grandchildren of Rowan County; for instance Wilkes was taken partly from Burke and partly from Surry, Randolph from Guilford, Buncomb and Yancy form Burke, Ashe from Wilkes and Stokes and Yadkin from Surry. These facts must be kept in mind when tracing early Rowan County families." 5. FHL book 929.273 P684pn: "Graybill/Stoker/Eller/Smith/Koons/Pitt Connections," by Norman E. 'Gene' Pitt, 1996, pp. 119-123: "John Eller, b. abt 1767/9, probably in Frederick Co., MD; d. 1823, Wilkes Co., NC; bur. in the Robert Cleveland Burial Ground abt a mile beyond the New Hope Cemetery on the road to Parsonsville (there is no marker on his grave); md. abt 5 Nov 1792, Rowan Co., NC to Susanna(h) Kern(s). She was b. abt 1765/6, possibly in Guilford Co., NC; d. 10 Apr 1853; bur. in New Hope Cemetery, Parlears (northwest of North Wilkesboro), NC. Evidently, they moved from Ashe Co., NC to Wilkes Co., NC in 1816. They appeared to be large landowners. Their children were Simeon, David, John Jr., Rachel, Absolom, Peter, Delilah Gazia and Mary 'Polly'." 6. The book "The Howard Leytham Stoker Von Dollen Family Histories," FHL 929.273 H833a, by Doris Lewis, 2017 So. 80th Ave., Omaha, Nebraska, 68124, p. 89: "Peter was the first son of George Michael Eller. Because there were a number of years between Peter's birth and the others, the question arises if he might not be a child of a first marriage. He grew up in North Carolina and married Elizabeth Dick in 1766. His land grant was close to other Ellers, beginning at the spruce pine on the Upper Ford on Rones Creek. In 1797 he bought the 70 acres which had been granted to his father-in-law, Conrad Dick. This land had been surveyed and chain carriers were listed as Michael Stoker and John Eller, neighbors. Peter had 470 acres at his death... There oldest daughter, Catherine, married Michael Stoker and their youngest daughter, Mary, married George Koons and their great granddaughter, Betty Oman married Orson Hyde Stoker. Children: a. John, b. 1767 or 1769; d. 1823; m. Susanna Kerns. b. Catherine, b. 6 Mar 1773 at Rowan Co., NC; d. 1850 at Council Bluffs, Iowa; m. Michael Stoker. c. Elizabeth, b. 1780; m. William Pennington. d. Barbara, b. 1782; m. Pertune. e. Mary, b. 1783, NC; d. 1872; m. George Koons (a Quaker who was disowned for marrying Mary, who was a Dunkard). She was 18 and he 19. f. Jacob, b. 1784; d. 1855; m. Catherine White. g. Henry, b. 1788; d. 1876; m. Elizabeth Johnson. h. George." 7. The book "The Howard Leytham Stoker Von Dollen Family Histories," FHL 929.273 H833a, by Doris Lewis, 2017 So. 80th Ave., Omaha, Nebraska, 68124, pp. 102-105, mentions John Eller as the father of David Eller who married Tabitha Judd, sister to Margaret Judd who married Eller Stoker. Tabitha and David Eller were baptized by Michael Stoker in 1836 per Michael's journal [see his notes]: "Margaret's parents are given on the following page. John Judd was the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Judd. I do not know his mother's maiden name nor the names of the other children in the family. Nathaniel was in Pittsylvania, Virginia, with his brother, Rowland Judd, in 1767. In 1771, the brothers were in Surry County, North Carolina, later to be Wilkes County. All land in North Carolina had to be registered in 1778 and records show Nathaniel and Towland on land by the Reddies River in Wilkes County. The Judds were respected in their community and were listed frequently on early Wilkes County records. Rowland was the tax assessor and the overseer to build the road from Deep Ford Hill to the top of the Blue Ridge Mountains. John Judd was appointed a County Justice in 1816. Perhaps John intended to go back some day to North Carolina, for his farm, consisting of 790 acres, was not sold until after his death in Wayne County, Indiana, in 1838. Judge Johnson Hayes, a U.S. District Judge and the author of the 'The Land of Wilkes,' now lives on the old John Judd farm. Rhoda Shepherd was born on a farm in Wilkes County soon after her family had moved from Virginia. She married neighbor John Judd, and they raised their eight children in Wilkes County. They went west in 1827 or 8, settling first in Ohio, where they became members of the Latter Days Saints Church, then on to Wayne County, Indiana, where John died. Rhoda was living on the Des Moines River in Iowa, when her daughter Margaret, married Eller Stoker in 1839. Margaret and Eller had a widowed mother living with them a few years later in Illinois, and it may have been Rhoda. Children: a. Elizabeth Judd, b. 1802; m. William Welch. b. Tabitha Judd, b. 1803; m. David Eller, son of John Eller, brother to Catherine and Mary Eller. c. Allen Judd, b. 1810; m. Hester Burns. d. Sarah Judd, b. 1813; m. Thomas Oler. e. Thomas Judd, b. 1815; m. Margaret Oler. f. Mary Judd, b. 1817; m. Alvin Winegar. g. Margaret Judd, b. May 29, 1822; m. Eller Stoker. h. John Judd, Jr., b. 1824. [Note that the book also contains more information on Rhoda Shepherd's ancestry.]" 8. Burketts, Graybeals, and Ellers mentioned in the book "History of Western North Carolina," by John Preston Arthur, 1914, chapter 8: "Some Early Settlers of Ashe. These noble, self-sacrificing men and women of the early times endangered their lives and braved many hardships in the wild Indian country to open the way to happy homes, schools, churches and the blessings of our present civilization. Some of these were Henry Poe, Martin Gambill, Thomas Sutherland, Timothy Perkins, Captain John Cox, Henry Hardin, Canada Richardson, James Douglas, Daniel Dickson and Elijah Galloway. Besides these were many others whose names awaken much unwritten history: Miller, Blevins, Ham, Reeves, Woodin, Barr, Baker, Eller, Goodman, Ray, Burkett, Graybeal, Houck, Kilby, Ashley, Jones, Gentry, Smith, Plummer, Lewis, Sutherland, McMillan, Colvard, Barker, Senter, Maxwell, Calhoun, Sapp, Thomas, Worth, Oliver and others." Another reference to Ellers: "Jacob, Henry, and John Eller. They were sons of Christian Eller, once a resident of the Jersey Settlement in Davidson County. The two former came to Ashe and settled on the North Fork of New River, reared large families, and were successful, useful, respected citizens. Their sons were Peter, Luke, William, John, David and Jacob. John settled on the South Fork and later moved to Wilkes. His sons were Simeon, David, Absalom, John and Peter, who reared large families which are scattered over Western North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Iowa and Nebraska. (From information furnished by Hon. A. H. Eller, 1912.)" [Kerry's note: the part of these three Ellers being sons of Christian Eller is incorrect.] 9. Land transaction and proximity mentioned in biography of Henry Eller, son of Peter Eller and Elizabeth Dick per FHL Book 929.273EL54h "George Michael Eller and Descendants of His in America," compiled by James W. Hook, 1957, also on FHL film 896571, item 2, pp. 172-176: "Henry Eller, b. 1786/1788; family records said he died about 1876 at the age of more than 90 years. The 1850, 1860, and 1870 censuses of Ashe Co. give his age as 62, 72 and 80 respectively. These records indicate a birth year of 1786/88 and a death year of 1876. He married, about 1812/1813, Elizabeth Johnson, b. according to the 1850 census of Ashe Co., NC, in 1791/92, her age being given as 58 years. The 1860 and 1870 censuses give her age as 68 and 80 respectively. She was born in Iridel Co., NC. Henry Eller entered 250 acres of land on the North Fork of New River, 16 July 1812. This land was surveyed 8 Sep 1813 and granted to him 23 Dec 1813. (Grant 840, Secy. of State's Office, Raleigh, NC.) The land was on the north side of 'feneck' (Phoenix) Mountain and bordered the 150 acre farm surveyed to Michael Stucker (Stokard, Stoker). The survey, dated 8 Sep 1813, was attested by Peter and Jacob Eller. Henry Eller figured in several land transactions in Ashe County after 1812. In one, dated 9 Dec 1819, he purchased 90 acres of land from George Koons for $150.00. This land was in Ashe County on the south side of the North Fork of New River 'to my south line and down to the conditional line made between Abraham May and John Dick Jr. against the mouth of Piney Creek being part of the 150 acre tract where Thomas Brooks Mill formerly stood.' George Koons, doubtless, was Henry's brother-in-law, the husband of Mary Eller, shown in... herein [see notes in this database for George Koons and Mary Eller]. The sale was made about the time that George and Mary Koons left North Carolina for their new home in Henry County, Ind. Mary Koons' name does not appear in the deed but this is not strange because the dower rights of wives were often not mentioned in early deeds of Ashe and Wilkes Counties. Later deeds indicate that Henry Eller's farm in 1845 consisted of 240 acres. The records show that Henry Eller's brother-in-law, Michael Stoker (Stokard, Stucker) as well as his brother-in-law, George Koons, lived on farms adjoining his on the North Fork of New River. His brothers, Peter and Jacob, lived nearby while his brother John lived on the south fork of New River near where Peter Eller Sr., their father, late deceased, lived. About 1816 John and Peter moved to lower altitudes in Wilkes County, John to Lewis Fork Creek west of Wilkesboro on a farm of 451 acres and Peter to a farm on Ceroles Creek." 10. FHL Book 929.273EL54h "George Michael Eller and Descendants of His in America," compiled by James W. Hook, 1957, also on FHL film 896571, item 2, pp. 69-87: "John Eller was born probably in Frederick Co., Maryland, about 1767/9 and died in Wilkes Co., North Carolina in 1823. He married, license issued in Rowan Co., NC, 5 Nov 1792, Susannah Kerns (Kern), who was born in 1765/66 and died, according to her gravestone in New Hope Cemetery, N.W. of North Wilkesboro, NC, 10 Apr. 1853, aged 87. Since her first child was named Simeon, it can be inferred that her father was of the same name and perhaps the Simeon Kern of Rowan Co., NC, mentioned in Vol. 3, No. 3, Nat'l. Gen. Society, pp. 14-22, and he, in turn, could have been related to Simon Kern of Frederick Co., MD found first in the records of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of that county 31 Oct 1746 when, with others, he was called one of the 'Brethren which built the church in the mountains and in the new town, Frederick Town' and his loyalty to the church attested to. (Pp. 489, 490 of the church records at the Maryland Hist. Society in Baltimore, MD.) Simon Kern m. 5 Apr 1749 Christina Hoffin (Hoffner) and recorded in the church records the birth of a son Johan Jacob on 27 Nov 1754 and of a dau. Marie Barbara on 28 Feb 1758. (Evangelical Lutheran Church Record, pp. 368, 38, 52.) Simon Kern died in 1761. His administration Bond shows that the administration of his estate was given 25 Aug. 1761 to Jacob and Christian Hoover and Michael Romod and joseph Nardman as their sureties. (Admin. Accounts, Vol. 38, 1760-62, Hall of Records, Annapolis, MD.) Simon Kern may have been the Joh. Simon Kern, aged 25, who came from Germany to Pennsylvania on the ship 'St. Andrew' and took his oath of allegiance 7 Oct 1743. Later records of the German Reformed Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Frederick County, MD, show other Kern (Karn) family records... [the book details extensively many other Kern records in Frederick Co.; however, he does not specifically link them to North Carolina or to Susannah Kerns.] Family tradition says that Susannah Kerns, wife of John Eller, was born in Guilford County, NC on a farm located near the Guilford Courthouse battlefield, north of Greensboro but this writer could find no support for this in the records. He did find the will of one John Karn (sic) of Rowan County dated 26 Apr 1794 in which the testator mentioned his sisters Susanna, Esther, Mary and Ann and brothers Daniel and Peter. (Rowan Co., NC Wills.) It could be that this John Karn and his brothers and sisters were children of Simeon Kern of Rowan Co., NC, and that the Susanna mentioned in the will was the one who married John Eller but there is no proof. There was one or more Kern (Kerns, Keehn) families in Rowan County prior to 1800. Leonard Kern and Peter Keehn appear on the Rowan County, NC, list of taxables in 1759. ('The Rowan Story,' by James S. Brawley, p. 354.) A Rowan Co. deed dated 6 Feb 1762 shows Conrad Kern to be the attorney and heir of Conrad Michael. (Deed Book 7, p. 394.) Another deed in Rowan Co., dated 5 Feb 1777 shows Conrad Kern and John Kerns as being 'nephews of Conrad Michael, late of the German Empire.' (Deed Book 8, p. 550.) The first record of John Eller found by this writer was his marriage license, issued in Rowan County, NC, 5 Nov 1792. The fact that it was issued in Rowan Co. indicates that his fiancé, Susanna Kerns, was then a resident of that county. According to her gravestone in the New Hope Baptist Church burial ground located about six miles north and west of North Wilkesboro, NC near Rendezvous Mountain, she died 10 April 1853, aged 87 years. This would make her birth year 1765 or 1766. Her husband John Eller was buried in the Robert Cleveland burial ground about a mile beyond on the road to Parsonsville. There is no marker at his grave. After the death of his wife plans were laid by his family to place his remains beside hers in the New Hope cemetery but old residents in the vicinity declare that this was never done. John Eller doubtless lived with his father on Reedy Creek in Rowan County until the latter removed to his Rones Creek farm in what was then Wilkes but after 1799, Ashe Co. The surmise is that he was not living with his father when the 1790 census was taken and did not settle in or near his father's farm on Rones Creek until after his marriage. His first son Simeon was born in Wilkes Co. 7 Sep 1794 and on 27 Oct 1795 he witnessed the deed by which his father, Peter Eller, conveyed 200 acres of land on Rones Creek to Gabriel Barn. (Deed Book B-1, p. 466, Wilkes Co., NC) On 13 April 1795 he and Michael Stuckers (Stoker) helped to survey 70 acres of land on Rones Creek for Conrad Dick, his grandfather probably. On 27 Dec 1797 fifty acres of land on the east bank of the south fork of New River at Johnson's Corner and running south up the river 20 poles to said Eller's old corner etc. was granted to John Eller (Grant No. 1528, Secy. of State's office, Raleigh, NC). On 29 July 1799 Betsey and John Eller made application to the Court of Pleas of Wilkes County for Administration on the Estate of Peter Eller, deceased. They gave John Bowers and John Koons for security, these two being bound in the sum of 800 pounds and qualified as the law required. Betsey Eller, doubtless was the deceased's widow and mother of John Eller. Late in 1799 Ashe County was formed out of Wilkes County. The 1800 Federal Census of Ashe County, NC shows John Eller, aged between 26 and 45 with wife of same age and with one female and two male children all under 10. The 1810 census shows John Eller and wife each under 45 indicating that neither was born earlier than 1765 and with one male 16-26, three females 10-16, and two males under 10. The 1820 Federal Census of Wilkes County show John Eller and wife both over 45 with two males, aged between 18-26, one female aged between 16-26, one male 16-18, one male 10-16, one female 10-16 and one female under 10. If the above three censuses are correct then both John Eller and his wife Susannah were born between 1765 and 1774. The land records of Ashe County reveal the following purchases and sales of land by John Eller; probably not a complete list. 29 Jan 1802 John Eller purchased 200 acres on Obids Creek from Joel Gibson paying 185 pounds for same. (Deed Book A, p. 213) 9 Mar 1802, John Eller sold this same land to David Hank receiving 300 pounds for same. (Deed Book B., p. 447.) 7 Aug 1804, John Eller sold to Christian Burkard 290 acres of land in Ashe County on Ha's Creek, a branch of the south fork of New River, receiving 500 dollars for same. (Book B, p. 177.) 11 Nov 1806, John Eller purchased from Alexander Smith about 250 acres of land on the 'North side of a ridge that divides the Silarey Branch form the River Branch' paying 200 dollars for same. (Deed Book D, p. 519.) 17 Sep 1816 and 11 Feb 1817 John Eller joined other heirs of Peter Eller, deceased, in selling land that formerly belonged to the said Peter Eller. The home of John Eller in Ashe County, according to the writer's uncle, the late Reverend William H. Eller, was located on the east side of the south branch of New River where the bridge on the main road from North Wilkesboro to Jefferson now crosses. In his time there was no bridge but only a ford. The Eller domicile was about 100 yards east of the ford and for many years after the occupants vacated it, it was marked by an old stone chimney and the remains of an apple orchard that once belonged to the Eller farm. John Eller, seeking relief from rheumatism, removed to the lower altitude of Wilkes County in 1816 when, on March 11 of that year, he purchased from Thomas Fletcher three parcels of land on the north fork of Lewis Fork Creek beginning at Col. Cleveland's old corner and running to a dividing line between Robert Cleveland and John Cleveland, then along several courses of Benjamin Cleveland's old line etc., one of said tracts adjoining the line of Nathaniel Vannoy's land, the three tracts together containing 451 acres. (Deed Book K, p. 267, Wilkes Co., NC) Here he lived until his death in 1823. He was buried in the family cemetery of Robert Cleveland on the road from Parlears to Parsonsville. His five sons also settled nearby and this writer in October 1954, was shown their farms all located north west of Parlears, NC on the winding road to Parsonsville. A precious memento of the John Eller household is the family bible in which is recorded the birth dates of all but the youngest child Mary of his family. It also records the birth of Simeon Bumgarner on 8 Jan 1808. It was printed in the German language at Halle, Germany in 1770. It may be the same Bible that George Michael Eller, John's grandfather, willed to his son Jacob because on page 17 is written the words 'Jacob Eller his Bible.' There is also written on page 15 of the Vorrede, or preface, the words 'The holey Bible of Peter Eller.' (See George Michael Eller's Will.) Of course these bits of writing, all in English, could have been placed there by later members of the family. The Bible is now owned by Mr. Wade Eller of Warrensville, Ashe County, NC, son of Jacob Eller (David, Jacob, Peter, George Michael). Regretfully it records nothing about John Eller or his wife. The Simeon Bumgardner whose birth on 8 Jan 1808 is recorded in the old Bible very probably was a son of a sister of John Eller who had married, probably, James Bumgarner. Proof of this however has not been definitely established. The children of John Eller and his wife Susannah Kerns were: a. Simeon Eller, b. in what is now Ashe Co., NC, 8 Sep 1794; d. in Wilkes Co., NC, 19 Jun 1850. He m., license issued in Wilkes Co. 16 Apr 1817 Fanny McNiel, b. 12 Jan 1799; d. 4 Oct 1856. She was a dau. of James McNiel, ([grandfather] Rev George). Both lie buried in the New Hope Baptist Church yard on the road from Parlears to Parsonville in Wilkes Co. [The book has extensive biographies on the descendants of this couple.] b. David Eller, b. 11 Apr 1796; d. 18 Mar 1870. He was twice married firstly, 18 Oct 1819, to Tabitha Judd, b. 27 Jun 1803; d. 27 Mar 1847; and secondly, 27 Feb 1848, to Mrs. Mary A. Lyons, b. 19 Dec 1822 whose children by her first husband were Alhora (Elvira) and David. He removed first, in 1828, to Wayne County, Indiana and from there, about 1838, or 1839, to Jefferson Co., Iowa where he lived as a farmer until his death. [The book has extensive biographies on the descendants of this couple.] c. John Eller Jr., b. 17 Mar 1798; m., license issued in Wilkes Co., NC, 20 Apr 1820, Elizabeth Ray Vannoy, b. 29 Oct 1804; d. 24 Aug 1868. She was a dau. of Jesse Vannoy and his wife Mrs. Mary Shepherd, born Mary Kilby, dau. of William Kilby and his wife Mary Ann Todds. Family lived on Lewis Fork Creek in Wilkes Co., NC. [The book has extensive biographies on the descendants of this couple.] d. Rachel Eller, b. 12 Apr 1800; d. 26 Dec 1850, (Bible record, gravestone says b. 20 Jan 1801) m. 22 Aug 1820, license dated 19 Aug 1820, in Wilkes Co., John McNiel, b. 30 Jan 1796; d. 21 Jan 1877. [The book has extensive biographies on the descendants of this couple and also of the McNiel family.] e. Absalom Eller, b. 17 Feb 1803, d. 7 Feb 1879; m. 1 Mar 1824, license dated 28 Feb 1824 in Wilkes Co., Sally Reynolds, b. 16 Feb 1805; d. 6 Mar 1875. The farm of Absolom and Sally Eller was located on Parlears Creek, Wilkes Co. NC. [The book has extensive biographies on the descendants of this couple.] f. Peter Eller, b. 17 Mar 1805; d. 7 Nov 1872; m. 1st Fanny Yates. She was a dau. of John Yates and his wife Elizabeth Cleveland, the latter b. 15 Jul 1783, dau. of Robert Cleveland. He m. 2nd, 16 Nov 1863, Louisa Church, b. 1835/6. Peter Eller was a prominent man in early Wilkes County. He served two terms in the NC Legislature and was a member of the NC Constitutional Assembly. He and his brother Simeon established the old Academy in Wilkesboro, one of the first schools of higher education in Western North Carolina. He was chosen Colonel of the Wilkes Co. Militia and served in that capacity for many years. His brother Simeon was chosen Captain at the same time. He was a member and chairman of the first board of superintendents of free public schools in Wilkes County. He was a brilliant student and interested in all public affairs particularly those pertaining to public schools. Susan (Susanna) Eller, aged 85, his mother doubtless, was living with him in 1850, acording to the Federal Census of that year. [The book has extensive biographies on the descendants of this couple.] g. Delilah Gazia Eller, b. 15 Feb 1808; m. 30 Oct 1829, Richard Saunders. [Children follow in the book.] h. Mary (called Polly) Eller, b. 1810; m. Alexander Church, a Baptist Minister. [The book has biographies on the descendants of this couple.]" 11. Ancestry.com's "The Kern Family of Rowan County, NC, Nicholas, KY, Indiana, Iowa," p. 26, in talking of the disposal of the estate on 29 Apr 1793 of Martin Riblin: "Purchasers of items included many well-known names in the Rowan German community such as the "widow" Ribley, Harmon Butner, John Eller (John Kern's son-in-law), George Smith, Peter Ribley, Peter Brown.) 12. Index of miscellaneous deeds from the book "Our Stoker Family Histories 1731-1881," Vol. II, comp. and ed. by Elayne Stoker, 2004, printed by Stevenson's Genealogy Center, Provo, UT. I am not sure of the relationship, if any, of all the parties herein listed and this is for reference only: "Some Frederick County Maryland Deeds: E-125 Joseph Grable to Jacob Funk, March 20, 1753 E-509 Joseph Grable to Jacob Funk, August 21, 1754 Agreement F-244 Joseph Grable to Jacob Funk, May 28, 1757 F-393 Joseph Grable from James ___, February 11, 1758 K-782 Joseph Grable to Jacob Roland, November 19, 1766 K-782 Samuel Grable from Leonard White, November 14, 1766 K-743 Joseph Grable to Jacob Funk - Release K-803 Martin Garver from Jacob Danner, December 19, 1766 K-1284 Henry Eller to Jacob Flora, June 6, 1767 L-515 John Garver from Jacob Danner, October 1, 1768 N-396 Leonard Kitzmiller from Samuel Stringer, October 10, 1770 N-505 Peter Wampler from Richard Coroxal, December 15, 1770 S-96 George Michael Eller from Edward Gaither O-3 Henry Eller to David Buzzard, January 14, 1771 L-665 John Grable to Jacob Roland, May 1772 P-128 Henry Eller from Leonard Kitzmiller, June 13, 1772 P-110 Leonard Kitzmiller to Samuel Carver, June 13, 1772 BD1-539 John Garver to Jacob Danner, May 22, 1775- did not find BD6-34 John Grabill to Jacob Danner, June 20, 1775 WR-2-543 Peter Grable to Michael Christ, May 26, 1779 WR-3-71 John Grabell to Wm. Renner, July 27, 1782 GM2-444 Peter Wampler, 1782 WR-4-98 Peter Grable to Michael Christ, May 26, 1779 WR-6-4 Henry Eller to Philip Fishburn, June 22, 1784 WR-6-84 Henry Eller to Francis B. Sappington, August 19, 1784 WR-3-205 John Grable from John Bowman, Bill of Sale WR-7-332 John Grable and others to George Kitzburger, June 12, 1787 WR-7-616 John Grable to Paul Clapsdale, December 4, 1787 WR-8-505 John Grable from John Shuk, June 8, 1789 Bill of Sale WR-9-194 John Grable from Sam Cole, April 30, 1790 WR-9-250 John Grable from Joseph Boyer, June 1, 1790 WR-9-46 Peter Grable from Martin Sheets, July 8, 1790 WR-9-546 Peter Grable from Henry Repp, December 7, 1790 WR-11-279 John Garber and others, September 24, 1791, Agreement WR-11-210 John Wampler to Lazarus Findburg, November 21, 1792 WR-11-199 Joseph Wampler from Michael Baer, November 19, 1792 WR-11-587 Joseph Eller from Jacob Baer, May 31, 1793 WR 12-41 John Garber, Upton Scott and others, May 9, 1794 Agreement WR 12-445 John Grable from Balser Riam, June 3, 1794 WR 12-447 John Grable from Balser Riam, June 3, 1794 WR 12-456 John Grable to Christian Ebey, June 6, 1794 WR 12-451 John Grable to Christian Ebey, June 6, 1794 WR 12-535 John Grable from Conrad Cragon, August 14, 1794 WR 12-516 John Grable to Rebecca Reynolds, July 30, 1794 WR 13-153 John Grable to Conrad Hi , March 26, 1795 WR 13-126 Joseph Eller from Frederick Murray, March 24, 1795 WR 13-449 Martin Garber from Richard Cook, August 11, 1795 WR 13-263 Martin Garber from Philip Fishburn, May 6, 1795 WR 15-481 John Grable from Negro Bill, July 5, 1797 WR 15-595 Joseph Eller from John Kerr, September 6, 1797 WR 15-518 Martin Garber from Richard Coal, August 8, 1797 WR 15-519 Joseph Grable from Martin Garber, August 8, 1797 WR 15-395 David Wampler from Joseph Grable, June 8, 1797 WR 17-44 Jacob Grable from Wm. Hardin, May 24, 1798 WR 19-71 David Wampler from Christian Simmons, October 8, 1799 WR 12-245 Peter Wampler from Samuel Chase, March 1794 WR 16-463 John Wampler from Joseph Baker, May 2, 1795 WR 17-302 John Garber from ___ Scott, October 2, 1798 WR 19-247 Joseph Eller from Jacob Young, January 16, 1800 WR 19-250 Joseph Eller to Jacob Pofsbarger, January 17, 1800 WR 19-252 Joseph Eller to Michael Minor Sr., January 17, 1800 WR 19-444 John Wampler to John Iler, April 16, 1800 WR 21-466 John Grable from Christian Leasner, September 17, 1801 WR 21-541 Jacob Garber to Joseph Baker, October 21, 1801 WR 23-227 Martin Carver and others to Samuel Garber, July 29, 1802 WR 23-228 Samuel Garber from Christian Garber and others, July 29, 1802 WR 23-229 Samuel Garber and others to Christian Garber, July 29, 1802 WR 23-231 John Garber from John Wampler, July 29, 1802 WR 23-234 John Wampler to Martin Garber, July 29, 1802 WR 22-548 Moses Grable from Craig Marshall, May 15, 1802 WR 20-41 Martin Garber from Wm. Head, June 21, 1800 WR 20-43 Martin Garber from Peter Kramer, June 28, 1800 WR 22-4 Moses Grable to Michael Freeze, November 3, 1801 WR 25-579 John Garber from Israel Bigler, May 8, 1804 WR 26-71 John Garber from Anna Garber and others, September 5, 1804 WR 27-544 Joseph Grable to Peter Grable, October 10, 1805 WR 39-561 John Grable from Peter Grable, May 22, 1811 WR 42-380 John Grable and others to State of Maryland, May 31, 1813 WR 44-85 John Grable to Louis Mottier, April 5, 1813" 13. FHL book 929.273 D55h "History of Peter and Christina Shutt Dick Family; Frederick Co. Maryland; Wilkes Co. North Carolina; Muhlenberg Co. Kentucky; Sangamon Co. Illinois; Cass Co. Illinois," compiled by Muriel M. Hoffman; Anchor, Illinois; 1970; Chapter II "Ancestry of Peter Dick": "Elizabeth Dick, daughter of Conrad and Catherine Dick married Peter Eller, son of George Michael Eller, who moved to what is now Ashe County, N. Car. from Frederick County, Md. Their land adjoined that of her father and presumed brother, John. They had at least 8 children: 1. John Eller, b. abt 1767 d. 1823, m. 5 Nov. 1792 Susannah Kerns, who died 10 April 1853 age 87 years. 2. Catherine Eller b. Rowan Co. 6 Mar. 1773 d. aft 1850 m. 1791/2 to Michael Stoker b. Frederick Co. Md. 24 Mar. 1762, d. aft. 1836. 3. Peter Eller b. 1777/8 d. Wilkes Co. 1851; m. Mary Pennington, prob. dau of William whose estate he helped to administer on 2 July, 1812 with a William Jr. 4. Elizabeth Eller probably m. William Pennington 5. Jacob Eller b.1784/88 d. 3 Nov. 1855 (census b.1784) m. abt. 1805 to Katherine White b.1789 d. Jan. 3, 1854 6. Mary Eller b. 1784/88 d. 1872 age 84; m. George Koons (Koontz) b. 1785/6 d. 26 Mar. 1848 age 63 years. 7. Henry Eller b.1786/88 d. Ashe Co. abt 1876 m. 1814 Elizabeth Johnson. 8. George Eller b. aft 1790 d. before 1841." MARRIAGE: 1. Ancestry.com's "North Carolina Marriage Collection, 1741-2004" for Rowan Co. shows John Eller and Suzana Kerns, md. 5 Nov 1792, per reel 20, p. 2949. 2. Ancestry.com's "The Kern Family of Rowan County, NC, Nicholas, KY, Indiana, Iowa," p. 13: "Records show a Gabriel Kern as bondsman at the marriage of Susanna Kern (daughter of John Kern) to John Eller, Nov. 5, 1792." BURIAL: 1. From online "Eller Chronicles," website http://freepages.family.rootsweb.com/~adelr/may92/may92p2.htm: "Wilkes County Cemetery Records, Compiled by George F. McNeil and Joyce McNeil, Route 3, Box 27, Wilkesboro, NC 28697. For the past three years, and I have indulged our strange hobby of locating old cemeteries in Wilkes County (NC) and recording information inscribed on the tombstones. So far, we have found 576 cemeteries in Wilkes County, and have data from more than 36,000 tombstones in our automated database. This includes the cemeteries at all the churches in the county, and many family cemeteries, some of which have been abandoned for many years. We have not recorded information from tombstones in Mountlawn Memorial Park, the large commercial cemetery in North Wilkesboro. It was started in the 1930's, so no real old information would be there. Many Eller entries but only these two are in my database: Cleveland-Yates Family Cemetery in Stanton Township: John Eller, b. ca 1765/66, d.1823; Parents: Peter Eller and Elizabeth Dick; wife: Susannah Kern md. 5 Nov 1792. (Sources: public records and word of mouth.) New Hope Baptist Church, Stanton Township: Susannah Eller, row 22, lot 9.0, tombstone: d. 10 Apr 1853 age 87 years, husband: John Eller. 2. Per James Hook as quoted above: "The first record of John Eller found by this writer was his marriage license, issued in Rowan County, NC, 5 Nov 1792. The fact that it was issued in Rowan Co. indicates that his fiancé, Susanna Kerns, was then a resident of that county. According to her gravestone in the New Hope Baptist Church burial ground located about six miles north and west of North Wilkesboro, NC near Rendezvous Mountain, she died 10 April 1853, aged 87 years. This would make her birth year 1765 or 1766. Her husband John Eller was buried in the Robert Cleveland burial ground about a mile beyond on the road to Parsonsville. There is no marker at his grave. After the death of his wife plans were laid by his family to place his remains beside hers in the New Hope cemetery but old residents in the vicinity declare that this was never done." 3. FHL Book 929.273EL54h "George Michael Eller and Descendants of His in America," compiled by James W. Hook, 1957, also on FHL film 896571, item 2, pp. 17-31, in speaking about Peter Eller Sr.'s [b. abt. 1746, d. 1799] estate settlement, the following quotes refer to family members involved with the settlement. Note that sons-in-law William Pennington (wife Barbara or Elizabeth Eller?) and George Koons (Mary's husband) do not show up at the estate sale of 1799 but do show up from 1809 to 1817 when the inherited land of Peter Eller is sold. Of the younger sons, Henry and Jacob appear in the later land heirship land deeds, but they would have been only minors at the estate sale of 1799. George, the youngest son, never shows up which may be indicative of an early death. The older sons- John and Peter - and the eldest daughter - Catherine Eller Stoker thru her husband Michael - show up in both 1799 and the later land deeds. Elizabeth Eller Jr., the unmarried dau. shows up only in the 1799 purchaser list buying household items as if she were preparing for an imminent marriage (see her notes for more detail on her purchases). The open-ended question of who married Elizabeth and who married Barbara is not resolved by these documents except the assurance that William Pennington was definitely a husband of one of them. There is no Bumgardner listed in the later heirship deeds but there are two listed early in the estate purchasers - Michael and Leonard - but if Elizabeth really married a Bumgardner and had a son Simeon in 1807, why is there no listing of a Bumgardner on the heirship deeds. The various quotes are as follows: "Peter Eller died before 29 July 1799 as evidenced by an entry in an old court record book found by this writer in the courthouse at Wilkesboro, Wilkes Co., NC in October 1954. It reads as follows: 'Betsey Eller and John Eller having made application for Administration on the estate of Peter Eller gave Bowers and John Koons for security who were bound in the sum of 800 pounds and qualified as the law directs.' Betsey Eller doubtless was Peter's widow and John his eldest son. The time was 1799 when Ashe County was being set off from Wilkes and the year just preceding the one in which the first federal census of Ashe Co. was taken... Three deeds in the courthouse at Jefferson, Ashe Co., NC record settlement actions on the property of Peter Eller deceased. In brief they are: 1. Deed Book M, p. 163, dated 7 July 1809 shows Peter Eller, Jacob Eller, George Koontz and William Pennington of the county of Ashe in the state of NC, heirs of Peter Eller, deceased, selling to Leonard Fantz 200 acres of land in Ashe Co. the same apparently being the tract Andrew Baker had deeded to Peter Eller 3 Aug 1789. The deed was signed by all the said heirs except William Pennington. Why Pennington did not sign is not clear. 2. Deed Book F, p. 414, dated 17 Sep 1816, shows John Eller, Peter Eller, Jacob Eller, Henry Eller, Michael Stocker (Stoker), George Koontz and William Pennington all of the County of Ashe in the State of NC, heirs of Peter Eller deceased, selling Luke White Sr. 122 acres of land located on the south fork of New River at the mouth of Rones Creek etc. This deed was signed by all the said heirs named as party of the first part in the deed except George Koontz. Why George Koontz did not sign is not clear. 3. Deed Book F, p. 83, dated 11 Feb 1817 shows John Eller, J.A. (Jacob) Eller, Henry Eller, Michael Stocker (Stoker), George Koontz and William Pennington all of the county of Ashe in the state of N.C., heirs of Peter Eller, deceased, selling to Frederick Black, 25 acres of land on the south fork of New River the land being that warranted to Peter Eller, 3 May 1793 and granted to him 27 Dec 1797. All of these heirs signed the deed. This writer believes that other heirship deeds exist probably of earlier dates and, if found, would show a Bumgardner heir. The above three deeds distributed only 347 acres of Peter Eller's estate when it appears that it consisted at his death of at least 470 acres. The Bumgardner connection is suggested in an ancient family Bible in which the birth dates of seven children of John Eller, eldest son of Peter and Elizabeth (Dick) Eller was recorded. Another birth entry in this old Bible is that of Simeon Bumgardner, born 8 Jan 1807. This child probably was a son of a daughter of Peter and Elizabeth (Dick) Eller who had marred a Bumgardner, probably James Bumgardner. The old Bible was printed in the German language at Halle, Germany in 1770 and is now in the possession of Mr. Wade E. Eller of Warrensville, Ashe Co., NC. It may be the Bible which George Michael Eller willed to his son Jacob because on page 17 is written 'Jacob Eller his Bible.' On page 15 of the vorrede or preface is also written 'The Holy Bible Peter Eller.' The only information of genealogical value in the Bible are the dates of birth of all but the youngest child, Mary, of John and Susannah (Kerns) Eller… and of Simeon Bumgarner above mentioned. The personal estate of Peter Eller was sold and an accounting reported to the Nov. 1799 court of Wilkes Co., NC by John Eller, Adr. The property, 111 individual sales, consisted of household utensils and furniture, farm yard tools and accessories, including one tomahawk, ten sheep, fifteen head of cattle, among which were a yoke of yearlings and one yearling bull, hogs, geese, bee hives, etc. The widow took a good deal of the furniture and household accessories including interestingly enough a trumpet which indicates that the early Ellers possessed musical interest. Other items taken by her were one lot of books, a chest, five head of hogs, four cows, one mare colt, two sheep, oven, hammer and anvil, and a pair of saddle bags. Other purchasers were John Eller, Peter Eller, Elizabeth Eller Jr., Michael Stucker (Stoker), Michael Bumgardner, Leonard Bumgardner, John Dick, Leonard Pfouts, Jacob Huntsinger, Daniel Dickson, James Dickson, James Cash, William Cash, Henry Michael Sr., Henry Michael Jr., Daniel Michael, Thomas Baker, Alexander Smith who purchased the tomahawk and some of the farm animals and other items, David Smith, Frederick Younce, Christian Shear, Abraham Shear, Coonrod Coldiron, David Ingram, Balsar Raime, Conrat Grub, William Colward, George Miller, John Calloway, Allen Nowlin, John Holman and John Tirey. The amount of the sale, including the items taken by the widow totaled 300 pounds, 18 shillings, 7 pence. (Will Book 1, pp. 540-41, Wilkes Co., NC.)" | Eller, John (I1370)
|
| 3284 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In progress research and theories: A. Various comments, factoids, and leads I have found to follow for research: -The publication "The Visitation of the County or Kent, taken in 1619," by Phlipott at website http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/006%20-%201866/006-13.pdf accessed 24 May 2017, pp. 260-69, gives the lineage and arms of the gentry family of Godfrey, one of the ancient families of Lydd. Included with the visitation are wills, church records. and other records of this family. Of interest is the daughter Catherine of Peter Godfrey and Joan Epes. The lineage chart indicates: "Katherina ux : Johis Berry de Lyd [bo. 1542 ; ob. 1613, s. p.]." In the reported Lydd baptisms, there is "Sep. 15, 1544. Catheryne, ye daught. of Peter Godfrey." No actual marriage is shown in the reported church marriages for John Berry and Catherine Godfrey. We do find later legal court records of Thomas Godfrey and John Berry together as very large landowners and defendants in land usage disputes. There are Thomas Godfreys in Lydd at this time and is the Catherine's brother who is the one associated with John Berry -- Catherine's brother Thomas (1553-1623) of Lydd and her uncle (-1610) of Cottinge in Lydd. The former had wives Ellis Pix and Maria Partriche and the latter's wife is unknown. -The 22 December 1555 will of Rafe Willcocks (Wilcox) of Lydd identifies two of his maid servants as Constance and Joane Berie. Rafe's daughter Ann marries Jeffrey Berry 15 Oct 1563 in Lydd. Rafe also names as co-executor John Berye of Ivechurch (Ivychurch, which is just the next parish to the west). It would seem logical that there is probably of relationship of Constance and Joane to out Berrys. Perhaps they are sisters of Jeffrey Berry. Rafe's wife is Sybilla mentioned as living in his will. The only thing that is bothersome is Rafe's will is that he names his "father-in-law John Reinoldes." Most would interpret this to mean that Sibilla's maiden name would be Reinoldes, but I think the more common interpretation for this in this era would be step-father. Carol Hutchinson has identified Sibilla as most likely Sibilla Knatchbull, dau. of William Knatchbull, based on the will of William. A Richard Knatchbull is named in Rafe's will as one of the three coexecutors along with Peter Godfrey and John Berry. Peter we have identified above as the father of Catherine Godfrey. Rafe and Peter are jurats and John Berry takes Rafe's place as jurat after his move from Ivychurch to Lydd. -I believe Sibilla remarries within a year to John Berry. Second marriage judging from proximity of date to that of Sybilla's first husband's death date. Also note that John Berry is mentioned in her first husband's will and apparently makes the move from Ivychurch to Lydd to replace Rafe Wilcox as jurate in Lydd. Much of the land described for John Berry corresponds to that of Rafe Willcox. Per website http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=gbprs%2feastkent%2fmar%2f027393%2f2 accessed 23 May 2017: "Kent, East Kent marriage index 1538-1754: Sybil Wilcox and John Berry, both residing at Lydd, married 8 Jan 1557. -A new book "The Origin of Capitalism in England, 1400-1600," by Spencer Dimmock (2014) which I found on Google has an important reference to John Berry, Rafe Wilcox, and the Godfrey family. A partial viewing of some pages can be done free at https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=6Uz3AwAAQBAJ&dq=john+berry+lydd&source=gbs_navlinks_s and do a search for "Berry." (Accessed 24 May 2017.) The missing portions would be helpoful, but from what portion we can see without buying the book we learn: -P. 310: John Berry had a will in 1592 and his wife Katherine had one in 1612. John has extensive land holdings as a jurat, which was typical of most jurats of Lydd. His holdings were in many places including Ivychurch and other places (cut off by the Google snippet). Berry's will reveals strong links with London and woolen drapers. Katherine with a clothier in Cranbrook. Thomas Godfreys will of 1624 provides details of his land holdings spread across the [Romney[ Marsh and [Industrial] Weald; it also mentions a manor. [This indicates Thomas would be the brother of Catherine and not her uncle who died in 1620.] -P. 314: Peter Godfrey, in his will of 1567 in Lydd, is shown to be quite wealthy and a proponent of accruing interest for the benefit of various godchildren's inheritances in their minorship. -P. 315: Ralph Wilcocks was a jurat for only one year, 1554-55. John Berry, yeoman of Ivychurch, immediately replaced Wilcocks as jurat the following year. Rafe Wilcocks, John Berry, and Peter Godfrey were probably the largest sheepowners of the area. -Pp. 332-33: A fragment of a court case held in royal court of the exchequer at Westminster in London in 1576 shows John Berry of Lydd owned the manor house of Cheyne Court, a farm in Lydd where he was living, and farms and land at Broomhill, Newland, Abbots Marsh, Abbots Land, Ivychurch, and Brookland. His holdings were well over 2000 acres. He had about 1600 sheep and 40 dairy cows. He migrated from Ivychurch to Lydd in 1555 to take up the juracy created when Rafe Wilcocks died. "One might even say it was reserved for him." He was probably one of the wealthiest men in Lydd at the time. "He probably took over Cheyne Court and other farms from Wilcockes upon the latter's death." [The book does not mention a marriage to Wilcock's widow, but it seems likely considering the movement of property.] John Brooks marries Catherine Godfrey [apparently later] thereby nestling him into the Godfrey line, the wealthiest of Lydd. The law case involving him with Thomas Godfrey "Junior" was about the right mix of cattle to sheep according to an obscure law of the earlier 1500s. -"The Canterbury Probate Index" https://wills.canterbury-cathedral.org/ has the following wills of great interest that need to be looked up: -Will Berry, Berrye Catherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/32/42/241 PRC/31/63 B/3 OW 2 copies -Inv Berry Katherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/28/5/69 Widow, Will -Will Berrye Alice Hythe 1546 1545 PRC/32/21/31b -Will Berry Richard Orlestone 1512 1512 PRC/17/12/144b -Will Berry John Boughton under Blean 1593 1593 PRC/32/37/102a PRC/31/37 B/12 [This one may be a bit too far removed location-wise to be our John Berry.] -Website http://www.genealogycrank.co.uk/pdfs/will_transcripts_kent.pdf accessed 23 May 2017: "Jeffrey Berrye; Lydd; 1587: PRC 32/36/71b "Memorandum that I Geoffrie Berrye of perfect mynde and Memorye thanks be to almighty God .... and ordain my last will and testament. Item I commend my soul into the hands of the almighty. And concerning my debts and legacies. Item I will and ordain my uncle Berry sole executor my sole executor and will that an inventory be thereof taken and that he shall have the profits thereof and keep them to the use of my child until she come unto the age of 16 years or her day of marriage or first that shall happen for the bringing up of my daughter Catherine. By me Geoffrie Berry. Wit Robert Prynne, William Plummer, John Branden" [A 27 Aug 1586 christening of Catherin -- dau. of Geffrey Berry. Since we know Joane erry who married John Austen was born 1565 to Jeffry Berry, the 1586 christening of Catherin seems too late to be Joane's sister -- with this probate of a different Jeffrey Berry in 1587 in which only one daughter is named (Catherin), then this would indicate that there were two sequential generations of Jeffreys with perhaps one being the father of the other. -From the published account of "monumental inscriptions "In the Churchyard and Church of All Saints’, Lydd, Kent," by Leland L. Duncan: http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Libr/MIs/MIsLydd/MIsLydd.htm accessed 24 May 2017. The following are unique since the Berry and the Wilcox family are adjacent to each other: Both families appear prominent due to their burials and markers being in the church: 473. Going on toward the Belfrye in the said middle alley is a stone with 3 brass Images being a man betwixt 2 women (Inscript) Here lyeth the Body of John BERREY, who was chosen a Juratt of this Towne of Lidd in the 1st yeare of the Reigne of Queene Elizabeth and so continued till his death. He was five times Baylif of the some Towne and dyed the XXth day of December in the 40th yeare of the reigne of the said Queene and in the fowerscore and second yeare of his age Anno Dni 1597. He that this slender monument did frame Was heir to Berry’s fortune and His name Part of his owne one him he doth bestowe His greater Love in some small sorte to show. (The inscription is now on the wall of the South Aisle). 474. By the South side of this is a stone worn rought and the Inscription almost gone, with the Coat of Arms: (Inscript) that there lies John BERRY Esq., who by God’s Providence lived in this Town of Lydd many years and performed all offices of Magistacy, was 26 years Captain of ye Trained Band, was born in the year of our Lord 1572. He had 7 children 4 Sons and 3 Daughters. He attained ye full age of 65 and peaceably concluded this life ye 7 of June 1637. (Mem: Plummer’s after this). 475. Beneath this is a stone with a brass figure of a man (there was a woman too but is now lost) and under them these words in Brass viz: To pass by Death is common unto all But so to dye as he may live againe In greater Joy, thys onely doth befall To those whome Faith doth lead with Xt. to reigne. Ralfe WILLCOCKES and Sybill his Wiffe Ano Dni 1555. (His will is given in the Appendix). 476. There is a little stone at the north west corner of the former (Inscript) Under there lyeth buried John BERRY ye son of John Berrey of Lydd who died ye 26 of January 1595 or 93. 477. A little farther near the two lowest Pillars of the Church on the North side is a stone (Inscript) Here lieth buried the Body of William WILCOCKE late Jurat three tymes Baylie on this Towne of Lidd, who died the 23 daye of Januari 1626 aged 63 yeares. And there is another Inscription on the same stone below the former shewing that there lieth buried the Body of Wilcocke KNIGHT of Lidd, Gent., who died December the 9th 1670 aged 44 years. 478. On the North side of the last mentioned stone is another with the Inscription almost gone but seems to signifie notwithstanding that there Lies Joane BATE daughter of William WILCOCKE of Lydd, Jurate, and wife of Thomas Bate eldest son of Thomas Bate of Lydd, Jurate, who died the 30th day of May 1622 in the 28th year of her age and hath left a daughter called Joane (or daughters). 479. The next stone on the North between the two lowest Pillars shows that there Lieth buried the Bodi of Susan late wife of William WILLCOCKE who died the 29 day of June 1626 aged 53 and daughter of John BATEMAN Jurate. B. Possible conclusions for a working theory: 1. John Berry, who died 22 Dec 1597, was born abt 1515 per age given on memorial. His brass effigy is between two unidentified women brass effigies, which probably represents two wives. The first was probably the widow Sybilla (Knatchbull) Wilcocks and the second Catherine (Godfrey). No burial date for the first wife and the second one dies in 1612 with a will that has not been seen yet. Another possibility is that John may have been had an earlier wife than Sybilla, but if so perhaps she died before his 1555 move to Lydd (or she died immediately after the move. Note the much older age of John than his last wife Catherine who was baptized 15 Sep 1544 (a 29 year age difference). Sybilla would have been probably about his same age. 2. John Berry above could be the father of Jeffrey Berry whose daughter Joan, bapt. 14 Feb 1565 in nearby Midley, married John Austen 1584 in Lydd. Ann Wilcox would be her mother since she and Jeffrey married 1563 in Lydd. If John Berry was the father, than Jeffrey would have been born before 1542 assuming he was at least 21 at the time of his marriage (or 1538 if one uses 25 as the age). John was born 1515 and would have been at least 21 when he would have had children which would recalculate Jeffrey's birth to no earlier than 1536. This than allows a reasonable birth for Jeffrey of between 1536 to 1542. Alternatively, Jeffrey could be a younger brother of John. Perhaps the wills of John and his wife Catherine, when finally found and transcribed may have some clues. 3. Apparently there is another younger Jeffrey who died young and only had one daughter Catherine per his 1587 will. He could be a son of either the John or the senior Jeffrey. He would have had to be born in 1564 if he were Jeffrey's son making a tight fit between the 15 Oct 1563 marriage date and the 14 Feb 1565 baptism date of Joane (it would work if Joane's actual baptism date was dual dated as 14 Feb 1565/6). He could also be John's son born either to Sybilla shortly after their 1555 marriage (while she was still of childbearing capablilty). Since we don't have a marriage date for John's second wife Catherine Godfrey, we would have to estimate she was at least 19 which would calculate as 1563 and again make a tight fit, but possible, for Jeffrey Jr. similar to if Jeffrey Sr. were his father. Not having Sybilla's death date, Catherine Godfrey's marriage date, or Jeffrey Jr.'s baptism date makes all of this speculative. 4. There is a second John (Jr.) who was born in 1572 per is memorial. He died 7 June 1637. I would assume him to be the son of John Sr. and Catherine Godfrey, but he could also be the son of Jeffrey Sr. and Anne Wilcox. Subject to further investigation, I am leaning to his father being John Sr. -- John would have been 57 but his wife Catherine would be 28. Catherine's 1612 will might clear this up. 5. The maid servants of Rafe Willcocks per his 1555 will (Constance and Joane) could be children of John Sr. and therefor sisters to Jeffrey Sr. or they may be sisters of John Sr. 6. There are some earlier wills for Berrys in near vicinity who may be related and finding and transcribing their wills will help. 7. Also there should be a will dated 1592 maybe probated circa 1597/8 for John Berry Sr. judging from the comments in the Capitalism book. This will appears to be critical to find. | Godfrey, Catherine (I5580)
|
| 3285 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In progress research and theories: A. Various comments, factoids, and leads I have found to follow for research: -The publication "The Visitation of the County or Kent, taken in 1619," by Phlipott at website http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/006%20-%201866/006-13.pdf accessed 24 May 2017, pp. 260-69, gives the lineage and arms of the gentry family of Godfrey, one of the ancient families of Lydd. Included with the visitation are wills, church records. and other records of this family. Of interest is the daughter Catherine of Peter Godfrey and Joan Epes. The lineage chart indicates: "Katherina ux : Johis Berry de Lyd [bo. 1542 ; ob. 1613, s. p.]." In the reported Lydd baptisms, there is "Sep. 15, 1544. Catheryne, ye daught. of Peter Godfrey." No actual marriage is shown in the reported church marriages for John Berry and Catherine Godfrey. We do find later legal court records of Thomas Godfrey and John Berry together as very large landowners and defendants in land usage disputes. There are Thomas Godfreys in Lydd at this time and is the Catherine's brother who is the one associated with John Berry -- Catherine's brother Thomas (1553-1623) of Lydd and her uncle (-1610) of Cottinge in Lydd. The former had wives Ellis Pix and Maria Partriche and the latter's wife is unknown. -The 22 December 1555 will of Rafe Willcocks (Wilcox) of Lydd identifies two of his maid servants as Constance and Joane Berie. Rafe's daughter Ann marries Jeffrey Berry 15 Oct 1563 in Lydd. Rafe also names as co-executor John Berye of Ivechurch (Ivychurch, which is just the next parish to the west). It would seem logical that there is probably of relationship of Constance and Joane to out Berrys. Perhaps they are sisters of Jeffrey Berry. Rafe's wife is Sybilla mentioned as living in his will. The only thing that is bothersome is Rafe's will is that he names his "father-in-law John Reinoldes." Most would interpret this to mean that Sibilla's maiden name would be Reinoldes, but I think the more common interpretation for this in this era would be step-father. Carol Hutchinson has identified Sibilla as most likely Sibilla Knatchbull, dau. of William Knatchbull, based on the will of William. A Richard Knatchbull is named in Rafe's will as one of the three coexecutors along with Peter Godfrey and John Berry. Peter we have identified above as the father of Catherine Godfrey. Rafe and Peter are jurats and John Berry takes Rafe's place as jurat after his move from Ivychurch to Lydd. -I believe Sibilla remarries within a year to John Berry. Second marriage judging from proximity of date to that of Sybilla's first husband's death date. Also note that John Berry is mentioned in her first husband's will and apparently makes the move from Ivychurch to Lydd to replace Rafe Wilcox as jurate in Lydd. Much of the land described for John Berry corresponds to that of Rafe Willcox. Per website http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=gbprs%2feastkent%2fmar%2f027393%2f2 accessed 23 May 2017: "Kent, East Kent marriage index 1538-1754: Sybil Wilcox and John Berry, both residing at Lydd, married 8 Jan 1557. -A new book "The Origin of Capitalism in England, 1400-1600," by Spencer Dimmock (2014) which I found on Google has an important reference to John Berry, Rafe Wilcox, and the Godfrey family. A partial viewing of some pages can be done free at https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=6Uz3AwAAQBAJ&dq=john+berry+lydd&source=gbs_navlinks_s and do a search for "Berry." (Accessed 24 May 2017.) The missing portions would be helpoful, but from what portion we can see without buying the book we learn: -P. 310: John Berry had a will in 1592 and his wife Katherine had one in 1612. John has extensive land holdings as a jurat, which was typical of most jurats of Lydd. His holdings were in many places including Ivychurch and other places (cut off by the Google snippet). Berry's will reveals strong links with London and woolen drapers. Katherine with a clothier in Cranbrook. Thomas Godfreys will of 1624 provides details of his land holdings spread across the [Romney[ Marsh and [Industrial] Weald; it also mentions a manor. [This indicates Thomas would be the brother of Catherine and not her uncle who died in 1620.] -P. 314: Peter Godfrey, in his will of 1567 in Lydd, is shown to be quite wealthy and a proponent of accruing interest for the benefit of various godchildren's inheritances in their minorship. -P. 315: Ralph Wilcocks was a jurat for only one year, 1554-55. John Berry, yeoman of Ivychurch, immediately replaced Wilcocks as jurat the following year. Rafe Wilcocks, John Berry, and Peter Godfrey were probably the largest sheepowners of the area. -Pp. 332-33: A fragment of a court case held in royal court of the exchequer at Westminster in London in 1576 shows John Berry of Lydd owned the manor house of Cheyne Court, a farm in Lydd where he was living, and farms and land at Broomhill, Newland, Abbots Marsh, Abbots Land, Ivychurch, and Brookland. His holdings were well over 2000 acres. He had about 1600 sheep and 40 dairy cows. He migrated from Ivychurch to Lydd in 1555 to take up the juracy created when Rafe Wilcocks died. "One might even say it was reserved for him." He was probably one of the wealthiest men in Lydd at the time. "He probably took over Cheyne Court and other farms from Wilcockes upon the latter's death." [The book does not mention a marriage to Wilcock's widow, but it seems likely considering the movement of property.] John Brooks marries Catherine Godfrey [apparently later] thereby nestling him into the Godfrey line, the wealthiest of Lydd. The law case involving him with Thomas Godfrey "Junior" was about the right mix of cattle to sheep according to an obscure law of the earlier 1500s. -"The Canterbury Probate Index" https://wills.canterbury-cathedral.org/ has the following wills of great interest that need to be looked up: -Will Berry, Berrye Catherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/32/42/241 PRC/31/63 B/3 OW 2 copies -Inv Berry Katherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/28/5/69 Widow, Will -Will Berrye Alice Hythe 1546 1545 PRC/32/21/31b -Will Berry Richard Orlestone 1512 1512 PRC/17/12/144b -Will Berry John Boughton under Blean 1593 1593 PRC/32/37/102a PRC/31/37 B/12 [This one may be a bit too far removed location-wise to be our John Berry.] -Website http://www.genealogycrank.co.uk/pdfs/will_transcripts_kent.pdf accessed 23 May 2017: "Jeffrey Berrye; Lydd; 1587: PRC 32/36/71b "Memorandum that I Geoffrie Berrye of perfect mynde and Memorye thanks be to almighty God .... and ordain my last will and testament. Item I commend my soul into the hands of the almighty. And concerning my debts and legacies. Item I will and ordain my uncle Berry sole executor my sole executor and will that an inventory be thereof taken and that he shall have the profits thereof and keep them to the use of my child until she come unto the age of 16 years or her day of marriage or first that shall happen for the bringing up of my daughter Catherine. By me Geoffrie Berry. Wit Robert Prynne, William Plummer, John Branden" [A 27 Aug 1586 christening of Catherin -- dau. of Geffrey Berry. Since we know Joane erry who married John Austen was born 1565 to Jeffry Berry, the 1586 christening of Catherin seems too late to be Joane's sister -- with this probate of a different Jeffrey Berry in 1587 in which only one daughter is named (Catherin), then this would indicate that there were two sequential generations of Jeffreys with perhaps one being the father of the other. -From the published account of "monumental inscriptions "In the Churchyard and Church of All Saints’, Lydd, Kent," by Leland L. Duncan: http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Libr/MIs/MIsLydd/MIsLydd.htm accessed 24 May 2017. The following are unique since the Berry and the Wilcox family are adjacent to each other: Both families appear prominent due to their burials and markers being in the church: 473. Going on toward the Belfrye in the said middle alley is a stone with 3 brass Images being a man betwixt 2 women (Inscript) Here lyeth the Body of John BERREY, who was chosen a Juratt of this Towne of Lidd in the 1st yeare of the Reigne of Queene Elizabeth and so continued till his death. He was five times Baylif of the some Towne and dyed the XXth day of December in the 40th yeare of the reigne of the said Queene and in the fowerscore and second yeare of his age Anno Dni 1597. He that this slender monument did frame Was heir to Berry’s fortune and His name Part of his owne one him he doth bestowe His greater Love in some small sorte to show. (The inscription is now on the wall of the South Aisle). 474. By the South side of this is a stone worn rought and the Inscription almost gone, with the Coat of Arms: (Inscript) that there lies John BERRY Esq., who by God’s Providence lived in this Town of Lydd many years and performed all offices of Magistacy, was 26 years Captain of ye Trained Band, was born in the year of our Lord 1572. He had 7 children 4 Sons and 3 Daughters. He attained ye full age of 65 and peaceably concluded this life ye 7 of June 1637. (Mem: Plummer’s after this). 475. Beneath this is a stone with a brass figure of a man (there was a woman too but is now lost) and under them these words in Brass viz: To pass by Death is common unto all But so to dye as he may live againe In greater Joy, thys onely doth befall To those whome Faith doth lead with Xt. to reigne. Ralfe WILLCOCKES and Sybill his Wiffe Ano Dni 1555. (His will is given in the Appendix). 476. There is a little stone at the north west corner of the former (Inscript) Under there lyeth buried John BERRY ye son of John Berrey of Lydd who died ye 26 of January 1595 or 93. 477. A little farther near the two lowest Pillars of the Church on the North side is a stone (Inscript) Here lieth buried the Body of William WILCOCKE late Jurat three tymes Baylie on this Towne of Lidd, who died the 23 daye of Januari 1626 aged 63 yeares. And there is another Inscription on the same stone below the former shewing that there lieth buried the Body of Wilcocke KNIGHT of Lidd, Gent., who died December the 9th 1670 aged 44 years. 478. On the North side of the last mentioned stone is another with the Inscription almost gone but seems to signifie notwithstanding that there Lies Joane BATE daughter of William WILCOCKE of Lydd, Jurate, and wife of Thomas Bate eldest son of Thomas Bate of Lydd, Jurate, who died the 30th day of May 1622 in the 28th year of her age and hath left a daughter called Joane (or daughters). 479. The next stone on the North between the two lowest Pillars shows that there Lieth buried the Bodi of Susan late wife of William WILLCOCKE who died the 29 day of June 1626 aged 53 and daughter of John BATEMAN Jurate. B. Possible conclusions for a working theory: 1. John Berry, who died 22 Dec 1597, was born abt 1515 per age given on memorial. His brass effigy is between two unidentified women brass effigies, which probably represents two wives. The first was probably the widow Sybilla (Knatchbull) Wilcocks and the second Catherine (Godfrey). No burial date for the first wife and the second one dies in 1612 with a will that has not been seen yet. Another possibility is that John may have been had an earlier wife than Sybilla, but if so perhaps she died before his 1555 move to Lydd (or she died immediately after the move. Note the much older age of John than his last wife Catherine who was baptized 15 Sep 1544 (a 29 year age difference). Sybilla would have been probably about his same age. 2. John Berry above could be the father of Jeffrey Berry whose daughter Joan, bapt. 14 Feb 1565 in nearby Midley, married John Austen 1584 in Lydd. Ann Wilcox would be her mother since she and Jeffrey married 1563 in Lydd. If John Berry was the father, than Jeffrey would have been born before 1542 assuming he was at least 21 at the time of his marriage (or 1538 if one uses 25 as the age). John was born 1515 and would have been at least 21 when he would have had children which would recalculate Jeffrey's birth to no earlier than 1536. This than allows a reasonable birth for Jeffrey of between 1536 to 1542. Alternatively, Jeffrey could be a younger brother of John. Perhaps the wills of John and his wife Catherine, when finally found and transcribed may have some clues. 3. Apparently there is another younger Jeffrey who died young and only had one daughter Catherine per his 1587 will. He could be a son of either the John or the senior Jeffrey. He would have had to be born in 1564 if he were Jeffrey's son making a tight fit between the 15 Oct 1563 marriage date and the 14 Feb 1565 baptism date of Joane (it would work if Joane's actual baptism date was dual dated as 14 Feb 1565/6). He could also be John's son born either to Sybilla shortly after their 1555 marriage (while she was still of childbearing capablilty). Since we don't have a marriage date for John's second wife Catherine Godfrey, we would have to estimate she was at least 19 which would calculate as 1563 and again make a tight fit, but possible, for Jeffrey Jr. similar to if Jeffrey Sr. were his father. Not having Sybilla's death date, Catherine Godfrey's marriage date, or Jeffrey Jr.'s baptism date makes all of this speculative. 4. There is a second John (Jr.) who was born in 1572 per is memorial. He died 7 June 1637. I would assume him to be the son of John Sr. and Catherine Godfrey, but he could also be the son of Jeffrey Sr. and Anne Wilcox. Subject to further investigation, I am leaning to his father being John Sr. -- John would have been 57 but his wife Catherine would be 28. Catherine's 1612 will might clear this up. 5. The maid servants of Rafe Willcocks per his 1555 will (Constance and Joane) could be children of John Sr. and therefor sisters to Jeffrey Sr. or they may be sisters of John Sr. 6. There are some earlier wills for Berrys in near vicinity who may be related and finding and transcribing their wills will help. 7. Also there should be a will dated 1592 maybe probated circa 1597/8 for John Berry Sr. judging from the comments in the Capitalism book. This will appears to be critical to find. MARRIAGE: 1. Second marriage judging from proximity of date to that of Sybilla's first husband's death date. Also note that John Berry is mentioned in her first husband's will and apparently makes the move from Ivychurch to Lydd to replace Rafe Wilcox as jurate in Lydd. Much of the land described for John Berry corresponds to that of Rafe Willcox. Per website http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=gbprs%2feastkent%2fmar%2f027393%2f2 accessed 23 May 2017: "Kent, East Kent marriage index 1538-1754 Transcription First name(s): Sybil Last name: Wilcox Residence: Lydd Marriage year: 1557 Marriage date: 8 Jan 1557 Marriage place: Lydd Spouse's first name(s): John Spouse's last name: Berry Spouse's residence: Lydd County: Kent Country: England" | Berry, John (I5579)
|
| 3286 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In progress research and theories: A. Various comments, factoids, and leads I have found to follow for research: -The publication "The Visitation of the County or Kent, taken in 1619," by Phlipott at website http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/006%20-%201866/006-13.pdf accessed 24 May 2017, pp. 260-69, gives the lineage and arms of the gentry family of Godfrey, one of the ancient families of Lydd. Included with the visitation are wills, church records. and other records of this family. Of interest is the daughter Catherine of Peter Godfrey and Joan Epes. The lineage chart indicates: "Katherina ux : Johis Berry de Lyd [bo. 1542 ; ob. 1613, s. p.]." In the reported Lydd baptisms, there is "Sep. 15, 1544. Catheryne, ye daught. of Peter Godfrey." No actual marriage is shown in the reported church marriages for John Berry and Catherine Godfrey. We do find later legal court records of Thomas Godfrey and John Berry together as very large landowners and defendants in land usage disputes. There are Thomas Godfreys in Lydd at this time and is the Catherine's brother who is the one associated with John Berry -- Catherine's brother Thomas (1553-1623) of Lydd and her uncle (-1610) of Cottinge in Lydd. The former had wives Ellis Pix and Maria Partriche and the latter's wife is unknown. -The 22 December 1555 will of Rafe Willcocks (Wilcox) of Lydd identifies two of his maid servants as Constance and Joane Berie. Rafe's daughter Ann marries Jeffrey Berry 15 Oct 1563 in Lydd. Rafe also names as co-executor John Berye of Ivechurch (Ivychurch, which is just the next parish to the west). It would seem logical that there is probably of relationship of Constance and Joane to out Berrys. Perhaps they are sisters of Jeffrey Berry. Rafe's wife is Sybilla mentioned as living in his will. The only thing that is bothersome is Rafe's will is that he names his "father-in-law John Reinoldes." Most would interpret this to mean that Sibilla's maiden name would be Reinoldes, but I think the more common interpretation for this in this era would be step-father. Carol Hutchinson has identified Sibilla as most likely Sibilla Knatchbull, dau. of William Knatchbull, based on the will of William. A Richard Knatchbull is named in Rafe's will as one of the three coexecutors along with Peter Godfrey and John Berry. Peter we have identified above as the father of Catherine Godfrey. Rafe and Peter are jurats and John Berry takes Rafe's place as jurat after his move from Ivychurch to Lydd. -I believe Sibilla remarries within a year to John Berry. Second marriage judging from proximity of date to that of Sybilla's first husband's death date. Also note that John Berry is mentioned in her first husband's will and apparently makes the move from Ivychurch to Lydd to replace Rafe Wilcox as jurate in Lydd. Much of the land described for John Berry corresponds to that of Rafe Willcox. Per website http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=gbprs%2feastkent%2fmar%2f027393%2f2 accessed 23 May 2017: "Kent, East Kent marriage index 1538-1754: Sybil Wilcox and John Berry, both residing at Lydd, married 8 Jan 1557. -A new book "The Origin of Capitalism in England, 1400-1600," by Spencer Dimmock (2014) which I found on Google has an important reference to John Berry, Rafe Wilcox, and the Godfrey family. A partial viewing of some pages can be done free at https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=6Uz3AwAAQBAJ&dq=john+berry+lydd&source=gbs_navlinks_s and do a search for "Berry." (Accessed 24 May 2017.) The missing portions would be helpoful, but from what portion we can see without buying the book we learn: -P. 310: John Berry had a will in 1592 and his wife Katherine had one in 1612. John has extensive land holdings as a jurat, which was typical of most jurats of Lydd. His holdings were in many places including Ivychurch and other places (cut off by the Google snippet). Berry's will reveals strong links with London and woolen drapers. Katherine with a clothier in Cranbrook. Thomas Godfreys will of 1624 provides details of his land holdings spread across the [Romney[ Marsh and [Industrial] Weald; it also mentions a manor. [This indicates Thomas would be the brother of Catherine and not her uncle who died in 1620.] -P. 314: Peter Godfrey, in his will of 1567 in Lydd, is shown to be quite wealthy and a proponent of accruing interest for the benefit of various godchildren's inheritances in their minorship. -P. 315: Ralph Wilcocks was a jurat for only one year, 1554-55. John Berry, yeoman of Ivychurch, immediately replaced Wilcocks as jurat the following year. Rafe Wilcocks, John Berry, and Peter Godfrey were probably the largest sheepowners of the area. -Pp. 332-33: A fragment of a court case held in royal court of the exchequer at Westminster in London in 1576 shows John Berry of Lydd owned the manor house of Cheyne Court, a farm in Lydd where he was living, and farms and land at Broomhill, Newland, Abbots Marsh, Abbots Land, Ivychurch, and Brookland. His holdings were well over 2000 acres. He had about 1600 sheep and 40 dairy cows. He migrated from Ivychurch to Lydd in 1555 to take up the juracy created when Rafe Wilcocks died. "One might even say it was reserved for him." He was probably one of the wealthiest men in Lydd at the time. "He probably took over Cheyne Court and other farms from Wilcockes upon the latter's death." [The book does not mention a marriage to Wilcock's widow, but it seems likely considering the movement of property.] John Brooks marries Catherine Godfrey [apparently later] thereby nestling him into the Godfrey line, the wealthiest of Lydd. The law case involving him with Thomas Godfrey "Junior" was about the right mix of cattle to sheep according to an obscure law of the earlier 1500s. -"The Canterbury Probate Index" https://wills.canterbury-cathedral.org/ has the following wills of great interest that need to be looked up: -Will Berry, Berrye Catherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/32/42/241 PRC/31/63 B/3 OW 2 copies -Inv Berry Katherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/28/5/69 Widow, Will -Will Berrye Alice Hythe 1546 1545 PRC/32/21/31b -Will Berry Richard Orlestone 1512 1512 PRC/17/12/144b -Will Berry John Boughton under Blean 1593 1593 PRC/32/37/102a PRC/31/37 B/12 [This one may be a bit too far removed location-wise to be our John Berry.] -Website http://www.genealogycrank.co.uk/pdfs/will_transcripts_kent.pdf accessed 23 May 2017: "Jeffrey Berrye; Lydd; 1587: PRC 32/36/71b "Memorandum that I Geoffrie Berrye of perfect mynde and Memorye thanks be to almighty God .... and ordain my last will and testament. Item I commend my soul into the hands of the almighty. And concerning my debts and legacies. Item I will and ordain my uncle Berry sole executor my sole executor and will that an inventory be thereof taken and that he shall have the profits thereof and keep them to the use of my child until she come unto the age of 16 years or her day of marriage or first that shall happen for the bringing up of my daughter Catherine. By me Geoffrie Berry. Wit Robert Prynne, William Plummer, John Branden" [A 27 Aug 1586 christening of Catherin -- dau. of Geffrey Berry. Since we know Joane erry who married John Austen was born 1565 to Jeffry Berry, the 1586 christening of Catherin seems too late to be Joane's sister -- with this probate of a different Jeffrey Berry in 1587 in which only one daughter is named (Catherin), then this would indicate that there were two sequential generations of Jeffreys with perhaps one being the father of the other. -From the published account of "monumental inscriptions "In the Churchyard and Church of All Saints’, Lydd, Kent," by Leland L. Duncan: http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Libr/MIs/MIsLydd/MIsLydd.htm accessed 24 May 2017. The following are unique since the Berry and the Wilcox family are adjacent to each other: Both families appear prominent due to their burials and markers being in the church: 473. Going on toward the Belfrye in the said middle alley is a stone with 3 brass Images being a man betwixt 2 women (Inscript) Here lyeth the Body of John BERREY, who was chosen a Juratt of this Towne of Lidd in the 1st yeare of the Reigne of Queene Elizabeth and so continued till his death. He was five times Baylif of the some Towne and dyed the XXth day of December in the 40th yeare of the reigne of the said Queene and in the fowerscore and second yeare of his age Anno Dni 1597. He that this slender monument did frame Was heir to Berry’s fortune and His name Part of his owne one him he doth bestowe His greater Love in some small sorte to show. (The inscription is now on the wall of the South Aisle). 474. By the South side of this is a stone worn rought and the Inscription almost gone, with the Coat of Arms: (Inscript) that there lies John BERRY Esq., who by God’s Providence lived in this Town of Lydd many years and performed all offices of Magistacy, was 26 years Captain of ye Trained Band, was born in the year of our Lord 1572. He had 7 children 4 Sons and 3 Daughters. He attained ye full age of 65 and peaceably concluded this life ye 7 of June 1637. (Mem: Plummer’s after this). 475. Beneath this is a stone with a brass figure of a man (there was a woman too but is now lost) and under them these words in Brass viz: To pass by Death is common unto all But so to dye as he may live againe In greater Joy, thys onely doth befall To those whome Faith doth lead with Xt. to reigne. Ralfe WILLCOCKES and Sybill his Wiffe Ano Dni 1555. (His will is given in the Appendix). 476. There is a little stone at the north west corner of the former (Inscript) Under there lyeth buried John BERRY ye son of John Berrey of Lydd who died ye 26 of January 1595 or 93. 477. A little farther near the two lowest Pillars of the Church on the North side is a stone (Inscript) Here lieth buried the Body of William WILCOCKE late Jurat three tymes Baylie on this Towne of Lidd, who died the 23 daye of Januari 1626 aged 63 yeares. And there is another Inscription on the same stone below the former shewing that there lieth buried the Body of Wilcocke KNIGHT of Lidd, Gent., who died December the 9th 1670 aged 44 years. 478. On the North side of the last mentioned stone is another with the Inscription almost gone but seems to signifie notwithstanding that there Lies Joane BATE daughter of William WILCOCKE of Lydd, Jurate, and wife of Thomas Bate eldest son of Thomas Bate of Lydd, Jurate, who died the 30th day of May 1622 in the 28th year of her age and hath left a daughter called Joane (or daughters). 479. The next stone on the North between the two lowest Pillars shows that there Lieth buried the Bodi of Susan late wife of William WILLCOCKE who died the 29 day of June 1626 aged 53 and daughter of John BATEMAN Jurate. B. Possible conclusions for a working theory: 1. John Berry, who died 22 Dec 1597, was born abt 1515 per age given on memorial. His brass effigy is between two unidentified women brass effigies, which probably represents two wives. The first was probably the widow Sybilla (Knatchbull) Wilcocks and the second Catherine (Godfrey). No burial date for the first wife and the second one dies in 1612 with a will that has not been seen yet. Another possibility is that John may have been had an earlier wife than Sybilla, but if so perhaps she died before his 1555 move to Lydd (or she died immediately after the move. Note the much older age of John than his last wife Catherine who was baptized 15 Sep 1544 (a 29 year age difference). Sybilla would have been probably about his same age. 2. John Berry above could be the father of Jeffrey Berry whose daughter Joan, bapt. 14 Feb 1565 in nearby Midley, married John Austen 1584 in Lydd. Ann Wilcox would be her mother since she and Jeffrey married 1563 in Lydd. If John Berry was the father, than Jeffrey would have been born before 1542 assuming he was at least 21 at the time of his marriage (or 1538 if one uses 25 as the age). John was born 1515 and would have been at least 21 when he would have had children which would recalculate Jeffrey's birth to no earlier than 1536. This than allows a reasonable birth for Jeffrey of between 1536 to 1542. Alternatively, Jeffrey could be a younger brother of John. Perhaps the wills of John and his wife Catherine, when finally found and transcribed may have some clues. 3. Apparently there is another younger Jeffrey who died young and only had one daughter Catherine per his 1587 will. He could be a son of either the John or the senior Jeffrey. He would have had to be born in 1564 if he were Jeffrey's son making a tight fit between the 15 Oct 1563 marriage date and the 14 Feb 1565 baptism date of Joane (it would work if Joane's actual baptism date was dual dated as 14 Feb 1565/6). He could also be John's son born either to Sybilla shortly after their 1555 marriage (while she was still of childbearing capablilty). Since we don't have a marriage date for John's second wife Catherine Godfrey, we would have to estimate she was at least 19 which would calculate as 1563 and again make a tight fit, but possible, for Jeffrey Jr. similar to if Jeffrey Sr. were his father. Not having Sybilla's death date, Catherine Godfrey's marriage date, or Jeffrey Jr.'s baptism date makes all of this speculative. 4. There is a second John (Jr.) who was born in 1572 per is memorial. He died 7 June 1637. I would assume him to be the son of John Sr. and Catherine Godfrey, but he could also be the son of Jeffrey Sr. and Anne Wilcox. Subject to further investigation, I am leaning to his father being John Sr. -- John would have been 57 but his wife Catherine would be 28. Catherine's 1612 will might clear this up. 5. The maid servants of Rafe Willcocks per his 1555 will (Constance and Joane) could be children of John Sr. and therefor sisters to Jeffrey Sr. or they may be sisters of John Sr. 6. There are some earlier wills for Berrys in near vicinity who may be related and finding and transcribing their wills will help. 7. Also there should be a will dated 1592 maybe probated circa 1597/8 for John Berry Sr. judging from the comments in the Capitalism book. This will appears to be critical to find. 2. Jeffry Berry is mentioned by name as the father on his daughter Joane's tomb in Horsmonden, which states Joane was born 14 Feb 1565 in Midley (next door to Lydd) and married in Lydd. Midley parish records no longer exist except for a couple pages of the Bishop's Transcripts. The Lydd parish records begin about 1570 and have the following entries: - The 1584 marriage of Johan Berey to John Austen. - A 27 Aug 1586 christening of Catherin -- dau. of Geffrey Berry. - Jefery Berry chr. 24 Nov 1611 -- son of John Berry. - John Berye chr 23 Nov 1595 -- son of John Berye. Since we know Joane was born 1565 to Jeffry Berry, the 1586 christening of Catherin seems too late to be Joane's sister -- indeed we find the probate of a different Jeffrey Berry in 1587 in which only one daughter is named: Catherin. This would indicate that there were two sequential generations of Jeffreys with perhaps one being the father of the other. John Berry is probably related since the name Jefery is used a generation later. The next Berry records in Lydd are marriages in the mid-1750s. | Berry, John (I4967)
|
| 3287 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In progress research and theories: A. Various comments, factoids, and leads I have found to follow for research: -The publication "The Visitation of the County or Kent, taken in 1619," by Phlipott at website http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/006%20-%201866/006-13.pdf accessed 24 May 2017, pp. 260-69, gives the lineage and arms of the gentry family of Godfrey, one of the ancient families of Lydd. Included with the visitation are wills, church records. and other records of this family. Of interest is the daughter Catherine of Peter Godfrey and Joan Epes. The lineage chart indicates: "Katherina ux : Johis Berry de Lyd [bo. 1542 ; ob. 1613, s. p.]." In the reported Lydd baptisms, there is "Sep. 15, 1544. Catheryne, ye daught. of Peter Godfrey." No actual marriage is shown in the reported church marriages for John Berry and Catherine Godfrey. We do find later legal court records of Thomas Godfrey and John Berry together as very large landowners and defendants in land usage disputes. There are Thomas Godfreys in Lydd at this time and is the Catherine's brother who is the one associated with John Berry -- Catherine's brother Thomas (1553-1623) of Lydd and her uncle (-1610) of Cottinge in Lydd. The former had wives Ellis Pix and Maria Partriche and the latter's wife is unknown. -The 22 December 1555 will of Rafe Willcocks (Wilcox) of Lydd identifies two of his maid servants as Constance and Joane Berie. Rafe's daughter Ann marries Jeffrey Berry 15 Oct 1563 in Lydd. Rafe also names as co-executor John Berye of Ivechurch (Ivychurch, which is just the next parish to the west). It would seem logical that there is probably of relationship of Constance and Joane to out Berrys. Perhaps they are sisters of Jeffrey Berry. Rafe's wife is Sybilla mentioned as living in his will. The only thing that is bothersome is Rafe's will is that he names his "father-in-law John Reinoldes." Most would interpret this to mean that Sibilla's maiden name would be Reinoldes, but I think the more common interpretation for this in this era would be step-father. Carol Hutchinson has identified Sibilla as most likely Sibilla Knatchbull, dau. of William Knatchbull, based on the will of William. A Richard Knatchbull is named in Rafe's will as one of the three coexecutors along with Peter Godfrey and John Berry. Peter we have identified above as the father of Catherine Godfrey. Rafe and Peter are jurats and John Berry takes Rafe's place as jurat after his move from Ivychurch to Lydd. -I believe Sibilla remarries within a year to John Berry. Second marriage judging from proximity of date to that of Sybilla's first husband's death date. Also note that John Berry is mentioned in her first husband's will and apparently makes the move from Ivychurch to Lydd to replace Rafe Wilcox as jurate in Lydd. Much of the land described for John Berry corresponds to that of Rafe Willcox. Per website http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=gbprs%2feastkent%2fmar%2f027393%2f2 accessed 23 May 2017: "Kent, East Kent marriage index 1538-1754: Sybil Wilcox and John Berry, both residing at Lydd, married 8 Jan 1557. -A new book "The Origin of Capitalism in England, 1400-1600," by Spencer Dimmock (2014) which I found on Google has an important reference to John Berry, Rafe Wilcox, and the Godfrey family. A partial viewing of some pages can be done free at https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=6Uz3AwAAQBAJ&dq=john+berry+lydd&source=gbs_navlinks_s and do a search for "Berry." (Accessed 24 May 2017.) The missing portions would be helpoful, but from what portion we can see without buying the book we learn: -P. 310: John Berry had a will in 1592 and his wife Katherine had one in 1612. John has extensive land holdings as a jurat, which was typical of most jurats of Lydd. His holdings were in many places including Ivychurch and other places (cut off by the Google snippet). Berry's will reveals strong links with London and woolen drapers. Katherine with a clothier in Cranbrook. Thomas Godfreys will of 1624 provides details of his land holdings spread across the [Romney[ Marsh and [Industrial] Weald; it also mentions a manor. [This indicates Thomas would be the brother of Catherine and not her uncle who died in 1620.] -P. 314: Peter Godfrey, in his will of 1567 in Lydd, is shown to be quite wealthy and a proponent of accruing interest for the benefit of various godchildren's inheritances in their minorship. -P. 315: Ralph Wilcocks was a jurat for only one year, 1554-55. John Berry, yeoman of Ivychurch, immediately replaced Wilcocks as jurat the following year. Rafe Wilcocks, John Berry, and Peter Godfrey were probably the largest sheepowners of the area. -Pp. 332-33: A fragment of a court case held in royal court of the exchequer at Westminster in London in 1576 shows John Berry of Lydd owned the manor house of Cheyne Court, a farm in Lydd where he was living, and farms and land at Broomhill, Newland, Abbots Marsh, Abbots Land, Ivychurch, and Brookland. His holdings were well over 2000 acres. He had about 1600 sheep and 40 dairy cows. He migrated from Ivychurch to Lydd in 1555 to take up the juracy created when Rafe Wilcocks died. "One might even say it was reserved for him." He was probably one of the wealthiest men in Lydd at the time. "He probably took over Cheyne Court and other farms from Wilcockes upon the latter's death." [The book does not mention a marriage to Wilcock's widow, but it seems likely considering the movement of property.] John Brooks marries Catherine Godfrey [apparently later] thereby nestling him into the Godfrey line, the wealthiest of Lydd. The law case involving him with Thomas Godfrey "Junior" was about the right mix of cattle to sheep according to an obscure law of the earlier 1500s. -"The Canterbury Probate Index" https://wills.canterbury-cathedral.org/ has the following wills of great interest that need to be looked up: -Will Berry, Berrye Catherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/32/42/241 PRC/31/63 B/3 OW 2 copies -Inv Berry Katherine Lydd 1613 1613 PRC/28/5/69 Widow, Will -Will Berrye Alice Hythe 1546 1545 PRC/32/21/31b -Will Berry Richard Orlestone 1512 1512 PRC/17/12/144b -Will Berry John Boughton under Blean 1593 1593 PRC/32/37/102a PRC/31/37 B/12 [This one may be a bit too far removed location-wise to be our John Berry.] -Website http://www.genealogycrank.co.uk/pdfs/will_transcripts_kent.pdf accessed 23 May 2017: "Jeffrey Berrye; Lydd; 1587: PRC 32/36/71b "Memorandum that I Geoffrie Berrye of perfect mynde and Memorye thanks be to almighty God .... and ordain my last will and testament. Item I commend my soul into the hands of the almighty. And concerning my debts and legacies. Item I will and ordain my uncle Berry sole executor my sole executor and will that an inventory be thereof taken and that he shall have the profits thereof and keep them to the use of my child until she come unto the age of 16 years or her day of marriage or first that shall happen for the bringing up of my daughter Catherine. By me Geoffrie Berry. Wit Robert Prynne, William Plummer, John Branden" [A 27 Aug 1586 christening of Catherin -- dau. of Geffrey Berry. Since we know Joane erry who married John Austen was born 1565 to Jeffry Berry, the 1586 christening of Catherin seems too late to be Joane's sister -- with this probate of a different Jeffrey Berry in 1587 in which only one daughter is named (Catherin), then this would indicate that there were two sequential generations of Jeffreys with perhaps one being the father of the other. -From the published account of "monumental inscriptions "In the Churchyard and Church of All Saints’, Lydd, Kent," by Leland L. Duncan: http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Libr/MIs/MIsLydd/MIsLydd.htm accessed 24 May 2017. The following are unique since the Berry and the Wilcox family are adjacent to each other: Both families appear prominent due to their burials and markers being in the church: 473. Going on toward the Belfrye in the said middle alley is a stone with 3 brass Images being a man betwixt 2 women (Inscript) Here lyeth the Body of John BERREY, who was chosen a Juratt of this Towne of Lidd in the 1st yeare of the Reigne of Queene Elizabeth and so continued till his death. He was five times Baylif of the some Towne and dyed the XXth day of December in the 40th yeare of the reigne of the said Queene and in the fowerscore and second yeare of his age Anno Dni 1597. He that this slender monument did frame Was heir to Berry’s fortune and His name Part of his owne one him he doth bestowe His greater Love in some small sorte to show. (The inscription is now on the wall of the South Aisle). 474. By the South side of this is a stone worn rought and the Inscription almost gone, with the Coat of Arms: (Inscript) that there lies John BERRY Esq., who by God’s Providence lived in this Town of Lydd many years and performed all offices of Magistacy, was 26 years Captain of ye Trained Band, was born in the year of our Lord 1572. He had 7 children 4 Sons and 3 Daughters. He attained ye full age of 65 and peaceably concluded this life ye 7 of June 1637. (Mem: Plummer’s after this). 475. Beneath this is a stone with a brass figure of a man (there was a woman too but is now lost) and under them these words in Brass viz: To pass by Death is common unto all But so to dye as he may live againe In greater Joy, thys onely doth befall To those whome Faith doth lead with Xt. to reigne. Ralfe WILLCOCKES and Sybill his Wiffe Ano Dni 1555. (His will is given in the Appendix). 476. There is a little stone at the north west corner of the former (Inscript) Under there lyeth buried John BERRY ye son of John Berrey of Lydd who died ye 26 of January 1595 or 93. 477. A little farther near the two lowest Pillars of the Church on the North side is a stone (Inscript) Here lieth buried the Body of William WILCOCKE late Jurat three tymes Baylie on this Towne of Lidd, who died the 23 daye of Januari 1626 aged 63 yeares. And there is another Inscription on the same stone below the former shewing that there lieth buried the Body of Wilcocke KNIGHT of Lidd, Gent., who died December the 9th 1670 aged 44 years. 478. On the North side of the last mentioned stone is another with the Inscription almost gone but seems to signifie notwithstanding that there Lies Joane BATE daughter of William WILCOCKE of Lydd, Jurate, and wife of Thomas Bate eldest son of Thomas Bate of Lydd, Jurate, who died the 30th day of May 1622 in the 28th year of her age and hath left a daughter called Joane (or daughters). 479. The next stone on the North between the two lowest Pillars shows that there Lieth buried the Bodi of Susan late wife of William WILLCOCKE who died the 29 day of June 1626 aged 53 and daughter of John BATEMAN Jurate. B. Possible conclusions for a working theory: 1. John Berry, who died 22 Dec 1597, was born abt 1515 per age given on memorial. His brass effigy is between two unidentified women brass effigies, which probably represents two wives. The first was probably the widow Sybilla (Knatchbull) Wilcocks and the second Catherine (Godfrey). No burial date for the first wife and the second one dies in 1612 with a will that has not been seen yet. Another possibility is that John may have been had an earlier wife than Sybilla, but if so perhaps she died before his 1555 move to Lydd (or she died immediately after the move. Note the much older age of John than his last wife Catherine who was baptized 15 Sep 1544 (a 29 year age difference). Sybilla would have been probably about his same age. 2. John Berry above could be the father of Jeffrey Berry whose daughter Joan, bapt. 14 Feb 1565 in nearby Midley, married John Austen 1584 in Lydd. Ann Wilcox would be her mother since she and Jeffrey married 1563 in Lydd. If John Berry was the father, than Jeffrey would have been born before 1542 assuming he was at least 21 at the time of his marriage (or 1538 if one uses 25 as the age). John was born 1515 and would have been at least 21 when he would have had children which would recalculate Jeffrey's birth to no earlier than 1536. This than allows a reasonable birth for Jeffrey of between 1536 to 1542. Alternatively, Jeffrey could be a younger brother of John. Perhaps the wills of John and his wife Catherine, when finally found and transcribed may have some clues. 3. Apparently there is another younger Jeffrey who died young and only had one daughter Catherine per his 1587 will. He could be a son of either the John or the senior Jeffrey. He would have had to be born in 1564 if he were Jeffrey's son making a tight fit between the 15 Oct 1563 marriage date and the 14 Feb 1565 baptism date of Joane (it would work if Joane's actual baptism date was dual dated as 14 Feb 1565/6). He could also be John's son born either to Sybilla shortly after their 1555 marriage (while she was still of childbearing capablilty). Since we don't have a marriage date for John's second wife Catherine Godfrey, we would have to estimate she was at least 19 which would calculate as 1563 and again make a tight fit, but possible, for Jeffrey Jr. similar to if Jeffrey Sr. were his father. Not having Sybilla's death date, Catherine Godfrey's marriage date, or Jeffrey Jr.'s baptism date makes all of this speculative. 4. There is a second John (Jr.) who was born in 1572 per is memorial. He died 7 June 1637. I would assume him to be the son of John Sr. and Catherine Godfrey, but he could also be the son of Jeffrey Sr. and Anne Wilcox. Subject to further investigation, I am leaning to his father being John Sr. -- John would have been 57 but his wife Catherine would be 28. Catherine's 1612 will might clear this up. 5. The maid servants of Rafe Willcocks per his 1555 will (Constance and Joane) could be children of John Sr. and therefor sisters to Jeffrey Sr. or they may be sisters of John Sr. 6. There are some earlier wills for Berrys in near vicinity who may be related and finding and transcribing their wills will help. 7. Also there should be a will dated 1592 maybe probated circa 1597/8 for John Berry Sr. judging from the comments in the Capitalism book. This will appears to be critical to find. 2. Jeffry Berry is mentioned by name as the father on his daughter Joane's tomb in Horsmonden, which states Joane was born 14 Feb 1565 in Midley (next door to Lydd) and married in Lydd. Midley parish records no longer exist except for a couple pages of the Bishop's Transcripts. The Lydd parish records begin about 1570 and have the following entries: - The 1584 marriage of Johan Berey to John Austen. - A 27 Aug 1586 christening of Catherin -- dau. of Geffrey Berry. - Jefery Berry chr. 24 Nov 1611 -- son of John Berry. - John Berye chr 23 Nov 1595 -- son of John Berye. Since we know Joane was born 1565 to Jeffry Berry, the 1586 christening of Catherin seems too late to be Joane's sister -- indeed we find the probate of a different Jeffrey Berry in 1587 in which only one daughter is named: Catherin. This would indicate that there were two sequential generations of Jeffreys with perhaps one being the father of the other. John Berry is probably related since the name Jefery is used a generation later. The next Berry records in Lydd are marriages in the mid-1750s. 2. FHL book 942.23/H3 K2c "St. Margaret's Church Horsmonden, An Historical and Descriptive Acccount," by Anthony Cronk, 3rd ed., by the Friends of Hrosmonden Church, Horsmonden, Kent, 1995, pp. 38-40: "Side by side in the name of St. Margaret's are the graves of John Austen ad his wife. The brass of the latter consists of a charmng effigy of the lady in hat, ruff, and gown, 18 in. X 7 in., with a foot inscription 20-3/4 in. X 9-1/2 in., as follows: "Here vnderlyeth the body of Joane Berry davghter of Ieffery Berry sometime of the parish of Midley and wyfe of Iohn Avsten of this pish of Horsmonden beinge of the age of 36 yeares who depted the 9th of Decemb: 1604 and left behind her 8 sones and one davghter vidz: Iohn Ieffry Beniamin Robt Ioane Francis Peter Thomas & Robid of wch two last she died in childbed often vtteringe these speaches let nether hvsband nor children nor lands nor goods separate me from the my God." Above the effigy, the widower's engagingly oblique ascription: Amice si quaeris tvmvlvm quis convecit ipsum Fvit Iohannes mevs maritus nomine Austen." John Austen's own brass on the adjoining grave has suffered from the traffic of many feet, but is still legible: "Here lyeth the body of John Avsten bvryed the 5 day of March Ano Dni 1620 and left behind him 8 sonns and one davghter." ... This was the family, let it be noted, from which sprang the immortal Jane [Austen, the writer] ..." 3. Jack Cade's Rebellion of 1450: A Database of Names of those Receiving Pardons, taken from Calendar of Patent Rolls Henry VI 5 (1909) pp. 338-374 accessed from https://familysearch.org. This spreadsheet of about 3449 persons was created by Merton Historical Society in September 2014, and is accessible at http://www.mertonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/index.php?cat=morden&sec=!rebels For more detail on this listing and the event see http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/007%20-%201868/007-03.pdf No one listed with the following surnames (or variations thereof): Acock/Alcock, Barret, Berry, Chepfield, Dancy, Dennet, Gateland, Hadwin, Hales, Herbert, Hopper, James, Kitney, Marden, Mills, Morskin, Shelly, Sisley, Straine, Upton, and Vande Wall. MARRIAGE: 1. From the findmypast.com website: Kent, East Kent marriage index 1538-1754 Transcription First name(s): Ann Last name: Wilcock Residence: Lydd Marriage year: 1563 Marriage date: 15 Oct 1563 Marriage place: Lydd Spouse's first name(s): Jeff Spouse's last name: Berry Spouse's residence: Lydd County: Kent Country: England | Berry, Jeffery (I4943)
|
| 3288 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In reviewing the christening entries for Haydon Bridge as I was working on Elizabeth Muse who married Joseph Burnhope, her 1761 christening is the only entry for a child of Michael of Elrington in the Haydon Bridge chapelry, or for that matter any other Michael between 1748 and 1804 (after which I stopped checking). Children of Michael occurring before 1748 all belong to the evidently separate Michael and Ann Bell of the following entry - Ancestry.com's "England and Wales Marriage Records, 1538-1940," marriage in Haydon, Northumberland of Michael Mewis and Ann Bell, 29 May 1732 and from my research their children seem to be pretty much all accounted for between 1732 to 1748. We definitely have two separate Michaels in the same parish at the same time. The burial records of Haydon Bridge also confirm this as does the christening record for Michael Muse in 1734. 2. Christenings from Haydon Bridge (FHL film 991796) for children of Michael Mewis: -4 Jan 1732/1733, Mary, dau. of Michael Mewis of High house. -29 Sep 1734, Michael, son of Michael Muis of Haydon Bridge. -8 May 1737, Nicholas, son of Michael Mewis of Haydon Bridge. -4 May 1740, Thomas, son of Michael Mewis of Haydon Bridge. -23 Sep 1744, John, son of Michael Mewis of Dean Raw. - 3 Apr 1748, Ann, dau. of Michael Mewis of Dean Raw. CHRISTENING: 1. Christenings from Haydon Bridge (FHL film 991796) for children of Michael Mewis: -4 Mar 1699/1700, Isabell, dau. of Michael Muis of Chester Wood. [The entry is written twice. On the bottom of one page it is very faint and basically unreadable following the date of 4 Mar of the previous entry with no day given specifically for Isabell - hence it should be 4 Mar as if it were dittoed. It was written again on the top of the next page as if the curate knew he done a bad job on the previous page, but it is with no day given. IGI extracted it as 5 Mar, but I see no number 5 with Isabell falling between 4 Mar and 6 Mar.] -2 Feb 1700/1701, Isabel, dau. of Michael Mewis of Chesterwood. -25 Apr 1703, Jno., son of Michael Muis of Chesterwood. -24 Dec 1704, Catherine, dau. of Michael Muis of Chesterwood. -18 Feb 1706/1707, Michael, son of Mich. Mewers of Haydon Bridge. -27 Apr 1709, Tho., son of Michael Mewers of Haydon Bridge. -25 Feb 1710/1711, Nicholas, son of Michael Muis of Haydon Bridge. -20 Jan 1713/1714, Ann, daughter of Michael Mewis of Haydon Bridge. MARRIAGE: 1. The marriage records for Haydon Bridge church (FHL film 991796): "29 May 1732, Michael Mewis and Ann Bell." BURIAL: 1. Apparently there are two Michael Mewises in Haydon Bridge at one time as the following entries make clear from FHL film 991796, Haydon Bridge church burial records. The first two would be the parents-in-law for Margaret also shown below. -"24 Feb 1772, Michael Mewis of Haydon Bridge." -"Ann, widow of the late Michael Mewis of Haydon Bridge, bur. 23 Mar 1772." -"Margaret, wife of Michael Mewis of Haydon Bridge, bur. 23 Apr 1773." (The 3 in 23 is disputable and may be a 0 to make 20.) | Muis or Mewis, Michael (I4697)
|
| 3289 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In reviewing tithable records from 1681 on in Lawne's Creek Parish, Robert Savage shows up almost every year up to 1697. He died in 1698. A Mary Savage shows up for the first and only time in 1699 and then a widow Savage in 1701. It isn't proven, but this widow appears to be Mary who is probably the wife of the deceased Robert. The only other Savage to show up in this parish in the tithables from 1681 to 1701 besides Robert is Charles. There is no indication of a death of Charles in this time period. The Surry County VA Tithables in question: 1. "List taken 1697 Lawnes Creeke Parish (month & list taker not specified) By Wm Newsum: Jno Phillips & Jno. Phillips junr. 2, Robt. Craford 1, Mathew Swann 1, William Phillips 1. Side note: other names of interest on the list(s) of Wm Newsum include: Nichol. Sessams (Sessums) Cha: Savidge & Jno Baker next to Henry Baker & Hen. Baker Jr next to Robt. Savidge (Savage), John Drew, Jos: Wall, Antho: Evans, Wm: Newitt, John Cooker (Coker?) w/Wm. Cooker, Joseph Richardson." 2. "List taken June 1699 Lawnes Creek Parish By James Mason: Ruth Phillipps p Edward Emery 1, Timothy Thorpe, John Phillipps 2, Robert Crafford, Carter Crafford 2, Mathew Swann 1, Will Phillipps, Jer. Rogers 2. Side note: other names of interest on this list include: Mr. Wm. Newsum, Joseph Richardson, Charles Savage w/John Baker, John Drew, Wm. Newett, Nich. Sessums (Sessams), Mary Savage p Richd. Peke(?), Henry Baker, Jos: Wall Sr., Anthony Ewans (Evans)." 3. "List taken June 1701 Lawnes Creek Parish By Henry Tooker: John Cocker [Coker] 1, Joseph Thorpe, John Phillipps, Luke Marks, John Warre 4, Joseph Wall w/ Rich. Wall 2, Joseph Wall Jr. 1, Mathew Swann, John Harris 2, Nicho. Sessums, Fra:GoodChild, Tom a negr. 3, Joseph Richardson 1, Charles Savage 1, Robt. Crafford, Carter Crafford 1, Wm. Newitt, James Hodge, Tho: Lacy, Robin & Phillis negr. 5, William Phillipps F.W. [sic] 2, Widdow Savage p Tho: Barrow, Antho: Evans 1." 2. The book "Wills and Administrations of Surry County, Virginia, 1671-1750," by Eliza Timberlake Davis, p. 114: "SAVIDGE, Robert: Leg. To wife, (Mary Savidge) my dwelling place, 265 acres, and at her death to son, Charles Savidge. Mentions son, Lovelis Savidge. Daughter, Olive Andrews, household goods, cattle, etc. Mary Savidge, Exerx. Made: 17 March, 1697/8. Prob.: 3 May, 1698. Book 5, p. 155. | Mary (I4447)
|
| 3290 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In several early instances his surname appears as McDonald, but later in Utah is was standardized to McDaniel. The first name of John Riley is incorrect. John Riley McDaniel was his son. 2. Censuses: 1830 US: Bloomfield, Jackson, Ohio, p. 1 of 8 (Note: that index indicates "Burdine," but looking carefully at the actual image, it is "Burdino".): Charles Burdine, males: 1:5-10(Nehemiah Beirdneau), 1:10-15(William McDaniel), 1:15-20(John McDaniel), 1:20-30(uncertain identity), 1:60-70(Charles Birdino); females: 1:0-5 (Elizabeth Beirdneau), 1:20-30(Jane McDaniel), 1:40-50(Zibiah) 1840 US: Quincy, Adams, Illinois, the following related families living in near proximity to each other (with exception of John McDaniel and his wife Christina Stoker, all of David Stoker's siblings, children, and mother are accounted for and it confirms his father Michael was dead by 1840): P. 43a: David Stoker, males 5-10:1; 40-50:1//females 5-10:1; 10-15:1; 40-50:1. [David, his wife Barbara, and their children Sarah (13), Catherine (11?), and Michael (6). Note daughter Nancy not in census which means she was probably deceased by then.] Simeon P. Grabell [Graybill], males 0-5:1; 20-30:1//females 0-5:1; 20-30:1. [David's nephew: Simeon and his wife Amanda Hill and their two oldest children.] Jacob Stoker, males 20-30:1//females 0-5:1; 20-30:1. [Younger brother to David: Jacob and his wife Catherine and their oldest child.] P. 44a: Eller Stoker, males 20-30:1//females 0-5:1; 15-20:1; 60-70:1. [Youngest brother to David: Eller with his wife Margaret and their oldest child and probably their mother Catherine Eller.] James Walker [Welker], males 10-15:1; 15-20:1; 30-40:1//females 5-10:2; 40-50:1. [Living next door to Eller and ages work perfectly that this is James Welker and Elizabeth Stoker, who is David's sister.] John W. Stoker, males 0-5:2; 10-15:1; 30-40:1//females 0-5:1; 5-10:2; 30-40:1. [John and his wife Electa Sarah and their six oldest children.] John Stoker, males 0-5:1; 20-30:1//females 0-5:1; 5-10:2; 20-30:1. [David's son: John and his wife Jane and their children.] P. 52a: William Stoker, males 0-5:1; 20-30:1//females 20-30:1 (father-in-law Samuel Winegar is next door). [David's son William and his wife Almira with their child.] P. 55a: Michael Stoker, males 0-5:2; 5-10:2; 10-15:1; 30-40:1// females 30-40:1. [Michael, his wife Martha, and their five oldest children.] 1860 US: Alpine, Utah, Utah, 2 Oct 1860, p. 5 of 5, 3634/2843: Jno. McDonal, 48, farmer, $200, $600, OH. Sarah A., 22, NY. Geo. W., 15, IL. Jas. 14, IA. Davd, 12, IA. 1870 US: Alpine, Utah, Utah, 1 Sep 1870, p. 2 of 6, house/family 14/14 (next door is John R. McDaniel, 33, OH and his family): John McDaniel, 57, farmer, $300, $300, OH. Sarah, 30, NY. Sarah, 11, UT. Christina, 9, UT. Elizabeth, 8, UT. John, 6, UT. Martha, 4, UT. Anderson, 2, UT. 1880 US Alpine, Utah, Utah, FHL film 1255338, National Archives Film T9-1338, p. 251C: John McDaniel, occupation: farmer, age 66, married, birthplace: OH. Sarah McDaniel, occ.: keeping house, age 40, birthplace: NY, MI, NY. Several children of second wife also noted from ages 1 through 16 all born in Utah. 2. The book "The Henry McDaniel family, 1755-1975," by Esta McDaniel Lee, 1975, FHL 929.273 M141L, p. 82: "Other McDaniels of Gallia and Jackson Counties, Ohio. David McDaniel, b. ca. 1738 m. 5 March, 1801, Elizabeth (Betsy) McCarley in Washington County, Ohio. Gallia County was a part of Washington Coound [county] at that time. David McDanieal was in Ohio long before it became a state for a son James McDaniel was born in what is now Jackson County, 24 Feb. 1762. He married 19 Dec 1805 Zebiah (Sibby) McCarley, b. 10 Dec 1786, Gallia County, Ohio, daughter of John McCarley. She died 5 Feb 1860. James died in Jackson County, 1820. They had the following children: 1. Sarah McDaniel, b. 26 May 1806, Raccoon Twp., Gallia Co., O., d. 7 Mar 1857, m. John W. Stoker, 13 Mar 1827. 2. Martha McDaniel, b. 24 Feb 1808, Raccoon Twp., Gallia Co., O., d. 4 Feb 1877, m. 1828/29 Michael Stoker. 3. Jane McDaniel, 24 Feb 1810, Raccoon Twp., Gallia Co., O., d. 20 Jan 1890, in Bountiful, Utah, m. 1836, John Stoker. 4. John McDaniel, b. 10 Jun 1812, Jackson Co., O., d. 11 Nov 1884, Alpine, Utah, m. Christina Stoker. 5. William McDaniel, b. 1814, Jackson Co., O., d. 1889 unmarried. There could have been others." Page 83: "Jackson County Marriage Records. C.D. Massie: 19 Apr 1827 Electa Sally McDaniel to John W. Stoker." BIOGRAPHY: 1. Biography in FHL book 979.036 v.2 "Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude," Daughters of Utah Pioneers, p. 1933: "Christina Stoker McDaniel; photo included; born 24 Aug 1815 at Bloomfield, Jackson, Ohio; died 10 May 1854 at Mountainville (Alpine), Utah; parents are David Stoker, Sr. and Barbara Graybill; pioneer of 28 Aug 1852 with the Isaac Stewart Company Oxteam and Wagon Train; spouse is John McDaniel; married 8 Feb 1835 in Ohio; death of spouse was 11 Nov 1884 in Alpine, Utah; Children: Electa Jane, 3 Nov 1835 Tabitha, 29 Jan 1837 John Riley, 20 May 1839 Matilda, 24 Oct 1840 Katherine, 24 Jul 1842 George Washington, 25 Jul 1844 James William, 13 Sep 1847 David Stoker, 18 Apr 1849 Silvester, 26 Apr 1854 Christina was born 24 Aug 1815 at Bloomfield township, Jackson, Ohio. She was the eldest of seven children born to David Stoker, Sr., and Barbara Graybill. On 8 Feb 1835 she married John McDaniel. They lived in Ohio during their early married life, and it was here they first heard of the Mormon Church and were among the first people to join. They later moved to Hancock Co., Illinois. They were greatly persecuted, along with the other Saints, and were driven out of their home several times by mobs. On one occasion they were forced to flee their home, both with a child under each arm, and watch while the home was destroyed by fire. John was a bodyguard of the Prophet Joseph Smith, and was captured by the mob before Joseph and Huyrm. They knew he was a good friend and also a very good shot. He was missing for three days and was found tied up and gagged in a corral way out of town, in manure up to his knees. They left Illinois with the other Saints and moved to Iowa, and from there crossed the plains by ox-team in 1852. By then Christine had eight children. She helped her husband and older children drive a flock of 500 sheep across the plains. They stopped at Salt Lake for a short time, then went on to Mountainville, now Alpine, where they were one of the first families to settle. Here they endured many privations of early pioneer life, at one point going without bread for three months. During that time they lived on roots and wild berries with the meat her husband provided by hunting game. Christine died two years after moving to Mountainville from the complications of child birth, leaving the new-born infant in the care of her older children until the father remarried. Christine was a beautiful woman with red hair, pleasing good looks, and a serene countenance." 2. The book "Mormon Redress Petitions, Documents of the 1833-1838 Missouri Conflict," edited by Clark V. Johnson, contains a copy of the "Scroll Petition" dated 28 Nov 1843 at Nauvoo, IL addressed to the U.S. Congress by members of the LDS Church who had property destroyed by Missouri mobs in the 1830's. Included with over a couple thousand signatures is John McDaniels. 3. The following is a partial quote from an article entitled: "The Michael and Catherine Eller Stoker family as early Mormons in Ohio and Missouri," by Jimmie "B" Stoker, November 24, 1993, as reprinted in the book "Our Stoker Family Histories 1731-1881," Vol. II, comp. and ed. by Elayne Stoker, 2004, printed by Stevenson's Genealogy Center, Provo, UT. See the notes of Michael Stoker (1762-1838) for the full transcript of this article: "The Stokers join the LDS Church. Mormon missionaries come. During the fall of 1833 Michael Stoker (1762-1838) and his family, living in Bloomfield Township, Jackson County, Ohio first heard the preaching of the missionaries from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. These missionaries exhorted them to join the new church and told them about Joseph Smith receiving inspired revelations from God. In addition the Church was noted for its new scripture, the Book of Mormon. The Stokers were drawn to the message. Many accepted baptism before the end of 1833. They included sixteen-year-old John Stoker (1817-1881) who was baptized November 13, 1833 by Seymour Brunson(1) and four days later his double cousin, fifteen-year-old Joseph Levi Graybill, who was baptized by John A. Fisher.(2) These two grandsons of Michael Stoker (1762-1838) were among the first of the Stoker family to embrace the new church. In 1834 Seymour Brunson moved his family to Bloomfield and organized a branch of the Church.(3) John's parents, David (1795-1852) and Barbara Graybill Stoker, joined the branch during that year. David's younger brother, Michael, Jr., (1805-1858) was affiliated with the Mormons. Evidence of his affiliation with the church comes from the fact that his son, born on July 10, 1834 was named, "William Moroni." Clearly the name Moroni marked Michael as having read the Book of Mormon. Moreover, in his journal Michael, Jr., writes, "The names of the members who were baptized by me in February, 1836. Baptized James Toinbuson and ordained him an elder." He also baptized William and Barbara Stoker that year.(4) Michael held the Mormon priesthood to officiate in these ordinances. The Stokers and their relatives were very enthusiastic about their new church. They contributed to its growth and sustained its leadership. The McDaniel connection. The children and grandchildren of Michael Stoker (1762-1838) had an affinity to marry the children of James McDaniel and Zibiah McCarley, neighbors in Jackson County. John W. Stoker (1802-1857) married Electa Sarah McDaniel (1806-1857) on April 19, 1827. Michael Stoker, Jr., (1805-1858) married her sister, Martha Carr McDaniel, on Jan 1, 1829. A grandson, John Stoker (1817-1881), and a granddaughter, Christine Stoker (1815-1854), children of David Stoker (1795-1852), married Jane McDaniel (1810-1890) on January 21, 1836 and John Riley McDaniel on February 8, 1835. Nineteen-year-old John, in addition to marrying Jane, also adopted her son, Alma. Family tradition says that Alma's father would not consider joining the LDS church so Jane left him. About a month after her son's birth, Jane married John Stoker, the nephew of her two brothers-in-law. The Kirtland Temple is dedicated. In the spring of 1836, some members of the Bloomfield branch made the 200 mile trip north to Kirtland, Ohio to attend the dedication of the temple. In that group was Michael Stoker's son-in-law and grandson, Michael Graybill, Sr., and Joseph Levi Graybill. Michael Graybill's wife, Polly Stoker (1792-1864), was expecting the birth of her eleventh Child, a son who was born April 6, 1836. She didn't go with them. Michael Graybill while at the conference and temple dedication at Kirtland was impressed by Sidney Rigdon's two and a half hour sermon. Upon returning to Bloomfield, he named his newly born son, Sidney Rigdon Graybill.(5) Picture p. 3: "Barbara Graybill and her son, John Stoker." Footnotes 1. "The Life of John Stoker," compiled by Eunice Stoker Southwick 2. "Early Members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints," Vol. III G.K. compiled by Susan Easton Black. Provo: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1993. p. 149. 3. "Seymour Brunson," LDS Biographical Encyclopedia Vol. 3 compiled by Andrew Jenson. Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Co., 1901. p. 331. 4. "The Howard, Leytham, Stoker, Von Dollen Family Histories and including the Bell, Teeple, Mackland, Bardsley, Graybill, Eller, Dick, Oman, Smith, and Koons Families," compiled by Doris Lewis, 2017 So. 80th Avenue, Omaha, Nebraska 68124. p. 92. 5. Vivian Graybill, "Michael Graybill, Sr." Typescript sent to Jim Stoker by Alice Graybill Russell, 6120 Wincanton Dr., Shreveport, LA 71129 on October 6, 1993." 4. The following is a partial quote from an article entitled: "The Michael and Catherine Eller Stoker family as early Mormons in Ohio and Missouri," by Jimmie "B" Stoker, November 24, 1993, as reprinted in the book "Our Stoker Family Histories 1731-1881," Vol. II, comp. and ed. by Elayne Stoker, 2004, printed by Stevenson's Genealogy Center, Provo, UT. See the notes of Michael Stoker (1762-1838) for the full transcript of this article: "The following members of Michael Stoker's family attached their names to a petition in 1843 that they had lived in Missouri and had been driven from their state:(21) David Stoker [Michael's son David (1795-1852)], John Stoker [possibly David's son, John (1817-1881) or Michael's son, John W. (1803-1857)], John McDaniels (1812-1884) [David's son-in-law, husband of his oldest daughter, Christine (1815-1854)], Elles Stoker (1816-1855) [Eller, Michael's youngest son], Mary Stoker (1822-1890) [probably Margaret Judd, Eller's wife]. Catharine Stoker (1773-after 1850) [Michael's wife, Catharine Eller], Jacob Stoker (1812-1893) [Michael's son], Catharine Stoker [Catharine Burcham, Jacob's wife], John Stoker (1803-1857) [Michael's son, John W. Stoker], Sarah Stoker (1806-1857) [John W. Stoker's wife, Electa Sarah McDaniel]. Geo. Graybill (1821-?) [Michael's grandson, George Washington Graybill, son of Polly Mary Stoker (1792-1864)], Michael Stoker (1805-1858) [Michael's son], Martha Stoker (1808-1873) [Martha Carr McDaniel, wife of Michael's son, Michael], Gabrael Stoker (1832-1852) [Michael's grandson, son of Michael (1805-1858)], William Stoker (1819-1892) [Michael's grandson, son of David], Almira Stoker (1818-1884) [Michael's granddaughter-in-law, grandson, William's wife, Almira Winegar], Samuel D. Stoker (1840-1908) [Michael's great-grandson, son of William and Almira], William Stoker (1842-1906) [Michael's great-grandson, son of William and Almira]. Mary Graybill [possibly Michael's daughter, Polly Mary Stoker (1792-1864) or his granddaughter, Mary Ann Graybill (1830-?)], William Graybill (1825-1880) [Michael's grandson, son of Polly Mary Stoker], Adam Graybill [still looking for this relationship to Michael], Sidney R Graybill (1836-?) [Michael's grandson, son of Polly Mary Stoker], Levi Graybill (1818-1912) [Michael's grandson, son of Polly Mary Stoker], Patience Graybill (1825-1895) [Patience Smith, Michael's granddaughter-in-law, wife of Joseph Levi Graybill (1818-1912)], Mary Graybill [possibly Michael's daughter, Polly Mary Stoker (1792-1864), or his granddaughter, Mary Ann Graybill (1830-?), Polly's daughter]. John Stoker (1817-1881) [Michael's grandson, son of David], Jane Stoker (1810-1890) [Michael's granddaughter-in-law, Jane McDaniel, wife of John (1817-1881)], Hannah Graybill [Michael's great granddaughter, daughter of Joseph Levi Graybill], Hyrum Stoker (1840-1887) [Michael's great grandson, son of John Stoker (1817-1881) and Jane McDaniel], Alma Stoker (1835-1897) [Michael's adopted great grandson, son of Jane McDaniel], and Franklin Stoker (1842-1855) [Michael's great grandson, son of John Stoker (1817-1881)]. Lucinda Stoker is also listed on the petition but cannot establish a relationship to Michael Stoker (1762-1838).(22) Refuge found in Illinois. The people of Quincy reached out to help the Mormons fleeing from Missouri. Elizabeth Haven Barlow writes, "The people of Quincy had contributed between four and five hundred dollars for the poor Mormons. God had opened their hearts to receive us. May heaven's blessings rest upon them. We are hungry and they feed us, naked and clothed us. The citizens have assisted beyond all calculations."(23) Footnotes 21. Also included are some of their children who were born after 1838 in Illinois. 22. "Mormon Redress Petitions," pp. 574, 598, 599-601. 23. Elizabeth Haven Barlow in letter to Elizabeth Howel Bullard, 24 February 1839, published in Ora H. Barlow, "The Israel Barlow Story and Mormon Mores." Salt Lake City: Ora H. Barlow, 1968." 5. Partial transcription from an article entitled "Michael Stoker and Catherine Eller." from the book "Our Stoker Family Histories 1731-1881," Vol. II, comp. and ed. by Elayne Stoker, 2004, printed by Stevenson's Genealogy Center, Provo, UT. See notes of Michael Stoker for full transcription of this article: "During the Adams County time period some of the Stoker men found work with a farmer named Coleman Wilkes. Mr. Wilkes lived approximately two miles southeast of Columbus, Ohio. He had first offered work and a home to Elizabeth's husband, James Welker, and soon after David, John W., Michael, and Jacob also obtained work with him. Here they labored diligently trying to earn enough to rebuild their supplies and stock which they had lost during the Missouri struggles. Moving to Bear Creek, Hancock Co., Illinois On July 1, 1839 the Mormon church's prophet and leader, Joseph Smith, called for all church members to settle in and around the Commerce, Illinois area. The town of Commerce was renamed by the church members to Nauvoo. In 1842 the Stoker family had complied. Packing up their belongings they moved north settling their families around the Carthage/Bear Creek area. James Welker's son, John, recorded: "...he found that there was land that could be entered in Hancock County, about 15 miles south of Nauvoo. He moved there and filed on a homestead. Part of it was prairie land and part was timber. He built a large hewed two roomed log house. Then the next thing was to fence and make a farm to make a living off of" (Ibid). The 1842 personal property tax assessment book of Hancock County has records for Stoker, Welker, and Graybill families living within the county. These records indicate the possibility that they lived outside of the cities." Building the Nauvoo Temple The Stoker families were on hand for the building of the temple for their church. It is recorded in the church history that Eller Stoker, Jacob Stoker, and John McDaniel (husband to Christine Stoker) worked on the temple for a period of time. All families were expected to donate time and supplies to the temple project... Life was beginning to flourish again for the families, and happy times were with them. On May 23, 1844 Joseph Levi Graybill, Eller Stoker, and Michael Stoker were initiated and passed into the Nauvoo Lodge of Masons. Two weeks later Levi Graybill, Eller Stoker, and Michael Stoker became lodge members, and on June 8th they were raised to Master Masons. While in Illinois, John Stoker, John W. Stoker, John Welker, Eller Stoker, and Jacob Stoker were given church callings of Office of the Seventy. Death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith Living around Carthage the Stoker, Graybill, and McDaniel families were homesteading lands close to those who most violently disagreed with the Mormons and who were constantly calling for their removal. Sometimes these men formed their own vigilante groups trying to scare the Mormons into leaving. Some of the Stoker men folk were called into military duty within the State Militia as recorded in the history of John McDaniel. "Early on June 24, Joseph and Hyrum Smith, John Taylor, and fifteen other members of the Nauvoo city council headed to Carthage to answer the charges filed against them. They passed the home of William Stoker located six miles southeast of Nauvoo on the Carthage Road before 8 A.M.... Sometime after noon, the Stokers saw the mounted riders traveling toward Nauvoo. Arriving at their destination at 2:30, the leaders gathered three small cannons and about two hundred firearms which were turned over to the militia. At nearly midnight the militia delivered the Mormon leaders who came voluntarily to the authorities in Carthage... Thursday June 27 Joseph and his brother Hyrum, were martyred. A mob of about one hundred men with blackened faces gathered about five 'clock in the afternoon. Several stormed the jail where the Smith brothers and a few friends were sequestered. Joseph and Hyrum were shot dead, and John Taylor wounded...the assassins and their comrades fled Carthage to Warsaw and then sought refuge west of the MIssissippi River... Friday June 28, with the bodies of the slain leaders placed in two different wagons, covered with branches to shade them from the hot sun, Willard Richards, Samuel Smith, and Artois Hamilton pulled out of Carthage and headed for Nauvoo. Sometimes shortly after noon, the procession with eight soldiers passed by William Stoker's driving teams pulling the two wagons containing the bodies of the martyrs. Mary Stoker Aitken, a granddaughter of WIlliam Stoker and Almira Winegar, wrote, "My father [John Stephen Stoker] told us that his parents had told him that they had seen the bodies of the Prophet and his brother Hyrum Smith, being taken from Carthage to Nauvoo." ...One of the Stoker relative's narrative mentions that "After the deaths of Joseph and Hyrum in 1844, Simeon Graybill went up to Nauvoo to help guard the secretly hidden bodies of Joseph and Hyrum. Fearful the anti-Mormon mob might try to do further violence to Joseph and Hyrum's bodies, their caskets were filled with sand for public burial" (Ibid). Conflict/Harassment Again. In 1845 the mobbing and burnings began, starting with the outlying settlements. The Stokers were living within the church area called the Highland branch of Illinois. The babies, weddings, and all manner of social life continued on and in July the families were doing more temple work for their ancestors. Again the families grew; new events were attended to. Jacob and John Stoker also joined the Masons and were later raised to Master Masons. Sheriff of Hancock County ordered the saints to organize and protect themselves. "John Welker tells how he and his cousins mutually watched out for each other. His account follows: 'The mob (against) the Latter-day Saints was increasing and I but a boy of 18 was the oldest of the boys that was at hoe. My oldest brother was married and doing for himself. I was the one to look after the family after my father died and when the burning out of the later day Saints by the mob commenced close by I was in a settlement 10 miles for whare {sic} they were burning houses and some of my cousins and relative lived close to whare {sic} I lived. We got together and agreed to take turnes {sic} and watch the mob and do the best we could to protect our homes. Some one was out every night watching their movements. They did not come to our little settlement to burn us out, if they had come some of them would have been hurt. Thare {sic} is many things connected with this I will not write.' (Punctuation added.) Not all of the Stoker relatives were as fortunate as the Welkers, John McDaniel and his wife Christine Stoker, according to one history, "...were greatly persecuted with the other saints and several times were driven out by the mobs. On one occasion they were attacked and forced to flee with a child under each arm while their home was burned" (Ibid). Nauvoo Temple Dedicated. In late 1845 the church's Nauvoo Temple was dedicated and many of the saints came to the temple to perform their own religious (endowment) ordinances. Between January 5 and January 21, of 1846 sixteen heads of the Stoker clan had received their own temple endowment. Michael Stoker Jr. and Catherine Burcham Jacob Stoker and Martha Carr McDaniel Eller Stoker and Margaret Judd Catherine Eller Stoker (widow) Elizabeth Stoker Welker (widow) James W. Welker and Anna Pugh John Stoker and Jane McDaniel John W. Stoker and Sara McDaniel William Stoker and Almira Winegar Records from the Nauvoo temple show that the Stoker family participated in other religious temple activities: Catherine Eller Stoker, Michael Stoker (son), Eller Stoker (son) and wife Margaret (Judd) Stoker (Eller's wife), James Welker and wife Elizabeth Stoker Welker, and Mary (Polly) Stoker (Graybill) all did baptisms by proxy for their deceased relatives." 6. The following is a partial quote from an article entitled: "John Stoker (1817-1881) and Wives: Jane McDaniel, Harriet Susan Willis, and Jane Allen" in the book "Our Stoker Family Histories 1731-1881," Vol. II, comp. and ed. by Elayne Stoker, 2004, printed by Stevenson's Genealogy Center, Provo, UT." See John's notes for full transcription: "After the first Mormon expedition pushed through the Rocky Mountains to settle in the Utah territory, President Young and some of his members returned to Winter Quarters during the winter of 1847-48 and began organizing more wagon parties to head west as soon as the snows allowed. During this period President Young organized the chain of command for large groups of travelers. First Heber J. Grant and Wilford Woodruff were each to organize a company. Under their direction leaders would be chosen to govern groups of hundreds, fifties, and then tens. Families under Brigham Young's supervision were separated into three divisions with numerous companies in each division. Here Lorenzo Snow was again appointed to be a captain over a hundred families. He in turn selected John Stoker and Herman Hyde to be his two captains, each of them were over a group of fifty families that were then grouped by tens. In addition to the general instructions to keep order in the camps, President Young passed on additional orders gained from the first companies experiences west: take care of the cattle- do not allow them to be abused, there is to be no yelling nor brawling in camp, attend prayers, put out the fires, and go to bed by 9 p.m. Lorenzo Snow's company: 99 Wagons, 321 people, 20 horses, 3 mules, 308 oxen, 188 cows, 38 loose cattle, 25 pigs, 158 chickens, 10 cats, 26 dogs, and 2 doves (Barlow 1968). John and Jane with their family left Kanesville early in the summer of 1848. Records indicate that John's mother and siblings, along with some other Stoker families came west in 1852 under the direction of Captain Isaac Stewart. Within the listed names of the Stewart's Second group of ten are: William Stoker's family, Michael Stoker's family and John McDaniel's family. The names of the individuals within the families were not listed (Church Historical Dept.). Instructions were then given the saints, who had been divided. Thomas Bullock, clerk of the "Camp of Israel," stated that: "On the 1st day of June, Lorenzo Snow's company moved off the ground to the 'Liberty Pole' on the Platte, in order to make room for other wagons that came pouring in from Winter Quarters. (Roberts 1965). Liberty Pole camp was located on the Elkhorn River in Nebraska. In his autobiography, George Morris relates a memorable incident he had during their journey west. His family was assigned to travel under the leadership of John Stoker. "I thought that I had about overcome the spirit of swearing again, until one day after we had traveled some distance on our way towards the valley. Brother Lorenzo Snow was captain of the hundred, John Stoker of 50, Thomas McLellin of the 10, that I traveled with. We were crossing a bad, miry, creek and the captains were the first wagon and the last one in the line. The captain had made a little miscalculation and stopped his team a little too soon so that there was not room for me to drive out on the bank, so I was stopped down in the mire. The captain was standing on the bank to see us out when I ripped out a terrible oath at him for not allowing me room to get out, it was a terrible oath to be sure. In that same award manner in which I had been to swear before, it was all like a streak of fire and brimstone than anything else. I looked and there sat Brother Snow in his buggy on the bank watching the teams cross, he gave me such a look and the captain that I had swarn at stood there looking right at me but neither of them spoke a word to me. They didn't need to for the look they had given me were quite sufficient. They left me and passed on. When I had got out and cooled down I felt fearful mean but they didn't hear anymore swearing from me" (Morris 1995). After leaving Liberty Pole for Utah the company was delayed many times during their journey for the purpose of building bridges, rafts, etc., to help the journey of the other saints coming later. Picture p. 12: "Trail Map of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints western migration. Trail begins at Nauvoo, Illinois and ends at Salt Lake City, Utah. Ensign, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1997." Salt Lake City: Lorenzo Snow's company arrived in Salt Lake City on 24 September 1848. With the arrival of President Brigham Young's three divisions of church members, the total number of people in the Salt Lake valley had grown to 5000. So many people arrived in Utah that by the fall of 1848 the one block size fort had three additions equaling two forts. One facing north side and one facing south, the two connected by gates. When the first company of Mormons reached Utah, besides attending to farming, they built a Fort to shelter the incoming families. As the members would arrive President Young would have them stay only as long as they needed to gather strength, and then he would assign them an area outside Salt Lake City to settle. It is recorded that by the time the companies arrived in the Utah valley their clothing was pretty well gone. "Many were without shoes, and the best and only covering they could get for their feet were moccasins. Their clothing, too, was pretty well exhausted, and the goat, deer, and elk skins which they could procure were most acceptable for clothing, though far from pleasant to wear in rain or snow" (Cannon)." 7. The following partial excerpt is from the article "Michael and Catherine Eller Stoker's Descendants in Illinois" by Jimmie "B" Stoker, July 30, 1994 from the book "Our Stoker Family Histories 1731-1881," Vol. II, comp. and ed. by Elayne Stoker, 2004, printed by Stevenson's Genealogy Center, Provo, UT, The numbers in the text refer to endnotes at the end of the article. See Catherine Martha Eller's notes for the full and complete transcript which is quite lengthy and only deals with her children in the Illinois period of Mormon history: "Each member of the church was expected to contribute one-tenth of all his increase from that time until the temple was completed. Often the able-bodied men would donate one day in ten as tithing labor. According to a letter from James Kimball, an LDS church history librarian, records show that Eller and Jacob Stoker worked for an unknown length of time or occupation on this temple project.21 John McDaniel, Christine Stoker's husband, also worked on the Nauvoo temple.22 It's reasonable to believe that many more of the Stoker men put in time working on the Nauvoo temple. Probably many of the Stoker women donated their goods to that cause as well." 8. The following partial excerpt is from the article "Michael and Catherine Eller Stoker's Descendants in Illinois" by Jimmie "B" Stoker, July 30, 1994 from the book "Our Stoker Family Histories 1731-1881," Vol. II, comp. and ed. by Elayne Stoker, 2004, printed by Stevenson's Genealogy Center, Provo, UT, The numbers in the text refer to endnotes at the end of the article. See Catherine Martha Eller's notes for the full and complete transcript which is quite lengthy and only deals with her children in the Illinois period of Mormon history: "Many of the Stokers probably were mustered into the Nauvoo Legion. It was part of every frontier community to take seriously the obligation to serve in the militia. The Nauvoo Legion, although created by the Nauvoo charter, was in reality a part of the state militia. For the men living in and near Nauvoo, there was no question about where their allegiance lay. As can be seen, often the Mormons living near Carthage or Warsaw were often approached to serving in other military groups being formed to attack the Mormons. Evidence of the Stokers participating in the Nauvoo Legion comes from a John McDaniel history55 which indicated that "one night John rode forty miles to Joseph Smith who with about 100 men in uniform went out to meet a mob that was after the saints. When they neared the mob, Joseph Smith raised his sword above his head and said, 'Halt.' The mob fled in all directions. When asked by some later why they had fled from such a few men, the mob replied, 'We could see soldiers everywhere.'"56" 9. FHL book 929.273 St67d "Descendants of William Stoker (1819-1892): with a View of his Ancestors," by Jay and Rachel Phillips Deeben, Feb. 2014, pp. 26-31: "Christina Stoker[23] (1815-1854), by Jay Deeben. Christina Stoker, daughter of David Stoker and Barbara Graybill, was born on 24 Aug 1815 in Bloomfield, Scioto,[24] Ohio. During our research of Christina we found that her name was also listed at times as Christine. The name of Christina has been followed here since that is the name that was placed on her headstone. One place where Christine was used was on the list of pioneers that made up the Isaac Stewart Company which left Kanesville, Iowa in June 1852 and arrived in Salt Lake in September 1852. She joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1833,[25] with other members of her family. She lived through all the persecution that was put upon the church while they were in Missouri and Illinois. When Christina and John started west they stopped at Mount Pisgah, Iowa[26] which was established to be a temporary way station for LDS church members as they fled Nauvoo, Illinois and the persecution that was going on there. Christina and her family stayed here till about 1851 or 1852. Mt. Pisgah, Iowa was shut down in 1852 by church leaders when they requested all the LDS to come to Utah. [Image of Marriage License Jackson County, Ohio, from US/CAN Film 317,419, which reads: John McDaniel to Christina Stucker Feby. 7, 1836. I do hereby certify that by virtue of a License from the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in and for Jackson County I have solemnized the right of Marriage between John McDaniels & christena Stoker on the 8 Day of Feby. 1835 as witnessed [unreadable] 1835 [unreadable witness]." Christina married John Riley McDaniel, son of James McDaniel and Zebiah McCarley, on 7 Feb 1835 in Jackson County, Ohio.[27] [Kerry's note: The license is dated 7 Feb but the marriage is dated 8 Feb.] John was born on 10 Jul 1812 in Bloomfield Twp., Scioto County, Ohio.[28] After being married 19 years, having nine children and traveling many miles Christina died the 10 May 1854 in Alpine, Utah.[29] She was the first to be buried in Alpine. Her daughter Electa Jane was next. The names of several of Christina's grandchildren who died young and are buried here are also given on the headstone. John McDaniel died on 11 Nov 1884 in Alpine, Utah, Utah[30] at age 77, and was buried on 15 Nov 1884 in Alpine, Utah, Utah. Children of John McDaniel and Christina Stoker McDaniel[31] (Name - Birth - Place - Death - Place): Electa Jane McDaniel, 3 Nov 1835, Jackson County, Ohio, 8 Jun 1858. Electa married James Eli Ashcraft" the son of Benjamin Ashcraft and Nancy Owens." James was born 15 Feb 1828 in Montgomery County, Kentucky. Tabitha McDaniel[34], 29 Jan 1837, Jackson County, Ohio, 11 Dec 1920, Nephi, Juab, Utah. Tabitha married William David Norton[35] son of John Warren Norton and Dorothy Osborn. William was born on 2 May 1832 in Limestone County, Alabama[36]. John Riley McDaniel, 20 May 1839, Adams County, Illinois, 21 Jul 1909, Alpine, Utah, Utah. John married Sarah Ann Watkins[37] she is the daughter of Robert James Watkins and Mary Smallman. Sarah was born 8 Jan 1847 in Missouri. Matilda McDaniel, 24 Oct 1840, Adams County, Illinois, 24 Aug 1878[38], Alpine, Utah, Utah. Matilda married Thomas Jefferson McCullough[39] son of Thomas McCullough and Mary Hefner. Thomas was born 18 Aug 1826 in White County, Tennessee. Catherine McDaniel[40], 24 Jul 1842, Hancock County, Illinois, 11 Aug 1923, Payson, Utah, Utah. Catherine married Alma Winn[41] son of Minor Winn and Nancy Wilson. Alma was born 4 Apr 1836 in Albion, Edwards, Illinois. George Washington McDaniel[42], 25 Jul 1844, Hancock County, Illinois, 9 Nov 1916, Alpine, Utah, Utah. George married Mary Jane Taylor[43] daughter of William Taylor and Mary Ann Dean. Mary Jane was born 9 Nov 1850 in Birmingham, Warwick, England. James William McDaniel, 13 Sep 1847, Mt Pisgah, Union, Iowa[44], 19 Jan 1947, Bloomfield, San Juan, New Mexico. James married Lovina Mantle[45] daughter of Llwellyn Mantle and Catherine Watkins. Lovina was born 20 Apr 1856 in West Jordan, Salt Lake, Utah. David Stoker McDaniel, 18 Apr 1849, Mt Pisgah, Union, Iowa, 3 Oct 1912, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah. David married Sarah Ann Clark[46] daughter of George Clark and Catherine Gascoigne. Sarah was born 9 Dec 1853 in Selston, Nottingham, England. Michael Sylvester McDaniel, 26 Apr 1854, Alpine, Utah, Utah, 10 Sep 1921, Tetonia, Teton, Idaho. Michael married Emma Dorothea Beck" daughter of Fredrick Beck and Henricke Winters. Emma was born 28 Jul 1857 in Vor Frue, Aalborg, Denmark. Chapter notes for Christina Stoker: 23. Hook, James W., George Michael Eller and Descendants of His in America, p.100. Repository: Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA, Call Number: 929.273 EL54h. Reference to the translated record of the German Reform Church of Frederick, Maryland at the Genealogical Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, Utah. Book is online at Heritagequest.com under the "Search Books" option from main menu. 24. Jackson County, Ohio was formed from Scioto, Gallia, Athens, and Ross counties in 1816. Any births occurring prior to 1816 would have been in one of the parent counties from which Jackson was formed. The township of Jackson was part of the Scioto County prior to being taken into Jackson County in 1816. Goldbug software, Animap, version 2.6. 25. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, new.Familysearch.org Department, PID: KWJY-VZ6. Repository: new.familysearch.org Utah. 26. In 1846 Mormons established a way station named Mt. Pisgah on the western side of Clarke County in an area that eventually became the eastern side of Union County. This was the temporary home of thousands of Mormons as they traveled west. The last Mormon left in 1852. Website: ( 27. Daughters of the American Revolution. Captain John James Chapter (Ohio), Marriage records, 1818-1865, Jackson County, US/CAN Film 317,419. Repository: Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 28. new.Familysearch.org 29. Find A Grave, Find A Grave Web site, Find A Grave Memorial# 8409021. Repository: Find A Grave, 30. Headstone in Alpine, Utah, Utah Cemetery. 31. Information on the children of John and Christina McDaniel comes from family records and a Utah Death Certificate, State of Utah Department of Health, Utah - Death Certificate 32. new.Familysearch.org 33. new.Familysearch.org 34. Utah Death Certificate, State Board File No. 94. Name on death certificate and headstone is spelled Tobitha. 35. new.Familysearch.org 36. Utah Death Certificate, State board File No. 10 37. new.Familysearch.org 38. Headstone, in Alpine City Cemetery. 39. new.Familysearch.org 40. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index(R) (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002), Film Numbers: 1239577, Ref #27404; 178101, Ref #220554, Page #2597; 1239610, Ref #22243, Page #: 94; 1239507, Ref #: 6612. 41. new.Familysearch.org 42. Stoker/Winegar/West/Youd Legacy, Alta Aitken Rowley, Grant Joseph Aitken, Charlene Attryde Aitken, Stoker/Winegar/West/Youd Legacy, p. 30. Repository: Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA, Call Number: 929.273 St67ra. 43. Utah - Death Certificate, State Board of Health File No. 127B 44. Mt Pisgah, Union County, Iowa was a temporary community that existed between 1847 and 1852. This settlement was established to help with the many thousands of Latter-day Saints on their way west from Nauvoo, Illinois. The settlement was abandoned in 1852 when the Latter-day Saints were encourage to move on to Salt Lake City, Utah. 45. new.Familysearch.org 46. new.Familysearch.org 47. BYU-Idaho Special Collections, Special Collections and Family History, Death Records BIRTH: 1. 10 Jun 1812 in Jackson Co., OH per living endowment as cited in Ordinance Index below. Most databases use 10 Jul 1812, however the date I use would have been given by John himself when he participated in the living ordinance work. Gallia County was formed on March 25, 1803 from portions of Adams and Washington counties. Jackson County was formed March 1, 1816 from Ross County. Both Raccoon Twp., Gallia Co. and Bloomfield Twp., Jackson Co. adjoin each other. MARRIAGE: 1. Per biography cited above. 2. Location confirmed per Ordinance Index. 3. FHL Film #301,043 "Jackson County, Ohio Marriages 1831-1843" has the following entry in Marriage Book, Vol. B (1831-1843), page 46: "John McDaniel to Christina Stucker (sic)." License date 7 Feb 1835. Marriage by Seymour Brunson on 8 Feb 1835 by virtue of a license from the Cerk of the Court of Common Pleas in Jackson Co. Seymour Brunson is the Mormon authority and probable missionary who converted the Stokers. 4. FHL book 929.273 St67d "Descendants of William Stoker (1819-1892): with a View of his Ancestors," by Jay and Rachel Phillips Deeben, Feb. 2014, p. 26, has a photo of the marriage record for this couple. It is from Jackson County, Ohio, Marriage Records, 1818-1865, Jackson County, US/CAN Film 317,419. It reads: "John McDaniel to Christina Stucker, Feby. 7, 1835. I do hereby certify that by virtue of a License from teh Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in and for Jackson County, I have solemnized the right of the marriage between John McDaniels & Christina Stoker on the 8 day of Feb'y 1835 as witnessed by [illegible] Seymour Brunson [illegible]." DEATH: 1. See burial citation below for date. BURIAL: 1. FHL film 1750764 "Alpine, Utah Cemetery Records": "John McDaniel, parents are James Daniel and Zibia McCorley, d. 11 Nov 1884." Next entry: "Christina Stoker, parents David Stoker and Barbary Grable, d. 10 May 1854"; [this entry for Christina may be informational only in the record book but I am unsure]. 2. "Index to the Utah County Cemeteries, 1850's to 1996," compiled by Diane R. Parkinson and located at the family history center at the BYU Provo library: John McDaniel, d. 11 Nov 1884 Alpine. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Ancestral File 4.19 (27 May 2001). | McDaniel, John (I2532)
|
| 3291 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In studying the records of Stockbury, no marriage or burial record is found for either James or Elizabeth (Clinch) Fuller; however, there is a baptism for James Fuller, 11 Mar 1754, son of James and Elizabeth Fuller, which could be this family. No other baptismal entries found for this couple nor for the father James Fuller as a infant. MARRIAGE: 1. Ancestry.com's "London, England, Clandestine Marriage and Baptism Registers, 1667-1754": James Fuller and Elizabeth Clinch of Thornham, Kent, marr. 12 Nov 1753 London, England. Place description: May Fair Register. Officiating Minister: Keith (1753 Nov - 1754 Mar). Source: Registers of Clandestine Marriages and of Baptisms in the Fleet Prison, King's Bench Prison, the Mint and the May Fair Chapel. Records of the General Register Office, Government Social Survey Department, and Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Registrar General (RG) series 7. The National Archives, Kew, England. Note: Thornham [sometimes spelled Thurnham], is a parish next to Stockbury, Kent, England This record is intriguing. I did a wide geographical and broad time search on all Elizabeth Clinches born circa 1732 and it is apparent that Clinch is a very Kentish name with a smattering in Cornwall/Devon. I did however find this Elizabeth Clinch born at Westminister in 1731 added by extraction who would be a likely candidate: Elizabeth Clinch (M9KY-8YM) bapt.19 Mar 1731 at Saint Martin In The Fields, Westminster, London, England. On the other hand the marriage record does state she is from Thornham, Kent. Only one Thornham in England in Norfolk, so the corrected Thurnham seems spot on to be in Kent. The baptism for James Fuller, 11 Mar 1754, son of James and Elizabeth Fuller is found in Stockbury, so the 1753 timing looks appropriate for the marriage. They must have moved shortly thereafter from Stockbury since it was the only child born of this couple in this parish. We know Elizabeth was dead by 1769 from her father's will, which does mention James Fuller. The will clinches this (no pun intended) -- I feel this is our Elizabeth, dau. of William Clinch and Ann Knight. I wonder what was the background story of the record source: "Registers of Clandestine Marriages and of Baptisms in the Fleet Prison, King's Bench Prison..." I feel this is our Elizabeth, dau. of William Clinch and Ann Knight. BURIAL: 1. No record found in Stockbury Church records. | Fuller, James (I5084)
|
| 3292 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In the 11 Jan 1901 obituary of his father Cornelius Osborne in Ogden, Utah, it is noted that he is leaving four sons and one daughter. Unsure who the fourth living son may be; three for sure are George, Cornelius, and Lamberth. Is this individual the fourth? 2. British Censuses: 1871: Erith, Kent, England per copy on file, no. 171, address: 14 Oxford Terrace, FHL film 823477: Harriet Osborne, Head, Mar., 58, born Crayford, Kent. Thomas G., son, Widr., 36, boot maker, b. Crayford, Kent. Mary, dau., Unm., 27, b. Woolwich, Kent. Cornealus, son, Unm., 24, Boiler Maker Ironworks, b. Woolwich, Kent. Harriet, dau., Unm., 5, b. Seven Oakes, Kent. [Probably granddaughter.] 3. Chris Petersen on 11 Sep 1975 checked LDS Patriarchal Blessing Index without finding any Osbornes. 4. James Thomas Morgan being born 1833 plays havoc with Cornelius Osborne and Harriet Morgan being married in 1837. The marriage evidence is incontrovertible, so do we consider the first two boys, James Thomas and Thomas G., born out of wedlock? Odd that Thomas G. only shows up at age 36 living with his mother in the 1871 census and not in any of the previous censuses. I wonder if this is really James Thomas going by his middle name as Thomas G with the census taker hearing G and not J as a middle initial. This then gives a birth date of 1835-again before the marriage and not right on the 1833 baptism date. Need to find James Thomas Osborne (or Thomas J/G Osborne) in the 1861 census. BIOGRAPHY: 1. Age 36 in 1871 Census for Crayford, Kent, England. 2. Branch records of Woolwich, Kent, England, FHL film #87,039. SOURCES_MISC: 1. LDS branch records of Woolwich, Kent, England per FHL film 87039. | Morgan or Osborne, Thomas G. (I843)
|
| 3293 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. In the execution of father's last will and testament, this individual shown as living at Draper, Salt Lake, Utah on 22 Jun 1889. 2. Mentioned as living in her mother's obituary of Dec. 7, 1915: "Mrs. Hales was the mother of 13 children, all of whom lived to maturity... Mrs. George W. Brown, Draper, Utah..." 3. In brother James L. Hales' obituary of 19 May 1921, this individual noted as living in Draper. 4. Censuses: 1860 US: Spanish Fork City, Utah, Utah, p. 229, 23 Aug 1860, family 1629: Charles H. Hale, 48 farmer, $300, $800, Eng. Julia A., 35, NY. Frances, 23, Eng. George G., 17, laborer, IL. Mary J., 13, IA. Charles H., 11, IA. Joseph L., 9, IA. John T., 7, UT. Stephen F., 5, UT. William, 2, UT. Maria J., 7/12, UT. Lucy E., 3, UT. Mary, 4/12, UT. 1870 US: Spanish Fork, Utah, Utah, 3 Aug 1870, p. 24: Family #172: Charles H. Hales, 51, farmer, $750, $600, England. Julia A., 45, keeping house, NY. Joseph L., 19, at home, IA. John T., 17, at home, UT. Stephen F., 14, at home, UT. William P., 12, at home, UT. Josephine, 10, no occupation, UT. Jonathan, 9, at home, UT. Harriet E. 6, at home, UT. Family #173: Frances E. Hales, 31, keeping house, England. Lucy E., 12, no occupation, UT. Mary A., 10, no occupation, UT. James L., 8, at home, UT. Charles A., 7, at home, UT. Caroline E, 5, at home, UT. Franklin H., 2, at home, UT. Harmon, 9/12, UT. 1880 US: Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, FHL 1255337, NA T9-1337, p. 95C [note a search of all Mary Ann Hales in Utah 5 years either side of 1858 provides only this entry even though a couple of parts of the data don't exactly match - this may be explained perhaps because she appears to be perhaps a boarder or hird help in the census household]: Mark McKunmuss, marr., 40, Can Can Sco, Dealer in Stock. Irene, wife, 31, IN SC OH, keeping house. Mary G., dau., 11, NV Can IN. Elcey, dau., 11, NV Can IN. Frankie G., son, 10, UT Can IN. Georgie, dau., 7, UT Can IN. Allen, son, 2, UT Can IN. Hattie S. Shelby, sister, 21, CA SC OH. Lizzie S. Shelby, sister, 21, CA SC OH. Frank B. Shelby, brother, 19, CA SC OH, clerk in stable. John A. Shelby, brother, 17, CA SC OH. Emma E. Blake, other, 25, VT KY OH, clerk C. in Oil C. Mary Ann Hales, other, 18, UT Eng Ger. William Shelby, uncle, 40, MO, clerk in store. Fred Chandler, other, 20, MO, clerk in store. 1900 US: Draper Precinct, Salt Lake, Utah, p. 61A: George W. Brown, Jan 1858, 42, m. 15 years, UT NY Eng, farmer. Mary A., Nov. 1859, 40, m. 15 years, UT Eng Eng. George A., son, May 1886, 14, UT UT UT. Fern E., dau., Nov 1888, 11, UT UT UT. Chauncy E., son, Jun 1891, 9, UT UT UT. Lima H., dau., Jan 1895, 5, UT UT UT. Christie M., dau., ?? 1898, UT UT UT. PHOTOS: 1. Photos on file from Marian Moody of 68-682 Crozier Dr., Waialua, HI, 96791 BIOGRAPHY: 1. FHL book 929.273 B812hj "Ebenezer Brown and His Descendants," by Jennie Brown Hollist and Imogene Brown, Utah, Ebenezer Brown Family Organization, 1982, chapter 12, "George Wright Brown and Mary Ann Hales," pp. 571-, photos of both are included in article: "George Wright Brown was born Jan. 28, 1858, the second son and third child of Ebenezer and Mary Elizabeth Wright Brown. It is not known for sure where he was born, but it is assumed that it was in Draper, Utah, shortly after his parents returned from Carson Valley, Nevada settlement mission. His father had been called to start a settlement there in 1856, but it failed so they came back to Draper. His brothers and sisters were: William, just older than George, and Mary Elizabeth, just younger. The next four children were: Franklin, Julietta, Alfred Chester (died at birth). James Edward was born on 29 March 1870, at which tiime his mother died. George was twelve years old. After the death of their mother, George and his surviving brothers and sister cared for by Ebenezer's other wives. George was nineteen when his father died. On 19 Oct 1885, at the age of 27, George and Mary Ann Hales of Spanish Fork, Utah were married. Six children blessed this union: George Alma, Fern Elmina, Chauncey Ebenezer, Ivy Francis (she died as a child), Lima Hales and Christie May. George built a house for his family at 311 East 13800 South in Draper, Utah. They moved into it on Nov. 26, 1888, the day that their second Child, Fern, was born. George's farm consisted of about 10 acres on which he raised cows and chickens. He also farmed another piece of Land on the west side of the City Canal called the 'School Section.' George had a very interesting past time - he named all of his cows after different women who lived in Draper. His daughter Christie used to tell about hearing his yell, 'Get out of the corn you ___ and then name one of the ladies." Along with being a farmer, George also drove the neighborhood children to school and back in the 'Kid Wagon.' That was what a school bus was called then. When his oldest son, George Alma, was on a mission, he also worked up Little Cottonwood Canyon to help support him. As a pastime George enjoyed going fishing down on the Utah Lake. This was his favorite way to relax. His wife, Mary Ann, died on 20 June 1928 at the age 68. After her death, their youngest daughter Christie and her family moved in with George to care for him George Wright Brown died on 23 March 1932 at the age of 74 at the home of his daughter Lima in Sandy, Utah, where he was staying because Christie had just given birth of her fourth child. He was buried in Draper Cemetery. Children of George Wright Brown and Mary Ann Hales: a. George alma Brown md. Rose Anna Kern. b. Fern Elmina Brown md. Joseph Williams. c. Chauncey Ebenezer Brown md. Olive Saxton. d. Ivy Francis Brown (died as a child). e. Lima Hales Brown md. Charles Albert Anderson. f. Christie May Brown md. Alonzo John Orgill. [Several pages of descendants follows.]" 2. Mentioned in father's will per copy of partial probate record in my possession. It appears to be the last page of three pages and is marked "#269 Charles H.H." on the bottom of the page. What I have says: "...described Real and Personal property shall become the property of our children my sons and daughters and be Equally divided barween them namely, Lucy E. Hales, Mary Ann Hales Brown, James L. Hales, Charles Alma Hales, Caroline E. Hales Woodward, Franklin H. Hales, Hormon B. Hales, Edward M. Hales, Joseph M. Hales, Richard S. Hales, Sarah J. Hales, Hannah P. Hales and Daniel W. Hales. Fifthly, I hereby direct and order that the water rights applied upon the respective pieces of land heretofore, shall continue respectively as herein devised and bequeathed. Lastly, I hereby appoint my wife Julia Ann Hales the Executrix of this my last Will and Testament. In Witness whereof I have herenunto set my hand and seal this 22d Day of June A.D. 1889. The foregoing instrument consisting of three pages was... [witnessed and noted with Charles residing at at Spanish Fork, Utah Co., Utah Territory]." BIRTH: 1. Online Ordinance Index for 1907 live sealing for this couple shows variant birth dates as follows, both of which do not seem to match other sources: George Wright Brown, 18 Jan 1858 at Draper, Salt Lake, Utah. Mary Ann Hales, 13 Nov 1861 at Spanish Fork, Utah, Utah. DEATH: 1. As cited in husband's obituary of 24 Mar 1932: "His wife, Mrs. Mary A. Brown, died June 21, 1928." 2. Biography above uses variant date of 20 June 1928. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Per Ancestral File. | Hales, Mary Ann (I168)
|
| 3294 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Independent researcher who had contacted me in early 2015. I did not hire him but include his name for future reference for other Latvian research: Mr. Gints Neiburgs Riga, Latvia, EU deltagints@gmail.com 2. Variant spellings include Herzenberg, Hercenberg, Hertzenberg, Gertsenberg, Hertzberg, KHertzenberg, Herzberg, etc. 3. Per email of 17 Jul 2007 from Nina Kossman www.ninakossman.com 4. Courland (Kurzeme in Latvian, Kurland in German) is the historically distinct area of modern day Latvia bounded by the Baltic Sea to the west, Lithuania to the south, and the Dvina River (now Daugava) to the North. Its historic capital was Mitau (now Jelgava). It had ice-free Baltic ports with commercial and strategic importance. At its height Courland was a prosperous and cultured German-speaking Duchy. Courland was a separate Gubernia (Province) of the Russian Empire from 1797-1918. 50-60% of the Jews living in Riga just north of Courland had family roots in Courland. The names of the various towns have changed now that the area is part of Latvia (new-old as of early 1900s): Aizpute-Hasenpoth Jelgava-Mitau Kuldiga-Goldingen Liepaja-Libau Piltene-Pilten Talsi-Talsen Ventspils-Windau 5. From book "Jewish Cemeteries in Latvia," by Meyer Meler, (Riga 2006) seen June 2009 at the Museum Jews of Latvia in Riga, Latvia: Preface. Dedicated to those Jews of Latvia who, fortunate never to have known the Holocaust and were buried in Jewish cemeteries rather than mass graves... This book is also an expression of grief about the forgotten Jews of Latvia, who imbued this ground with their sweat and blood. The mission of this book is to remind us that a human being is alive until we cease to remember him or her. This book is a call to remember our ancestors so that our successors - Children, grandchildren, and grand-grand children - know from where they come... The first task for Jews who settled in a new place was to rent a building for a synagogue, organized social life (sometimes the process of a formal registration of the community took several years), found Hevra-Kadisha, and find a place for a cemetery. The first person in a newly built community usually was not a rabbi but a butcher (shokhet), who, besides his direct duties, also fulfilled the function of religious ministry, and only after getting stronger was the community able to invite a rabbi. On some occasions, one rabbi served several communities. The establishment of a cemetery was a tortuous process because of the difficulties with the purchase of real estate (officially, Jews were forbidden from buying property). Therefore, until 1725, the Jews of Riga buried their relatives in Lithuania and Poland... Jewish belief does not allow the burial of a holy person near a sinner; therefore, it is customary to select a special area of the cemetery for rabbis, scientists, and outstanding persons. Several cemeteries selected a section for Cohens (usually near the fence). In the New Riga Jewish cemetery (the historical area called Smerlis), not only a section for rabbis was selected but also a section for Children. When it became possible to get a piece of land for the cemetery, the burial records were documented in pinkas. With the growth of a community, various charitable organizations emerged, as, for example, a hospice for the sick, Bikur-Holim (Sick Attending), as well as so-called mutual credit societies. In the 1920s and 1930s, there were more than 20 charitable organizations in Riga, such as Friends of children, which organized summer vacations for Jewish children all over Latvia; Hohnoses-Kale, a dowry for poor brides; Malish-Arumim (Clothes for the Naked), which provided clothes and footwear to the poor; the ladies committee, which provided Jews in hospitals with kosher food. Other organizations provided wood in the winter, matzos, inexpensive cutlery and so on. Special attention was paid to education, and the majority of the Jewish population in Latvia was literate. Boys were studying not only in Heders, but also in elementary schools. It was more or less possible for Jews to graduate from gymnasiums, but to graduate from a university of any kind was possible only for the wealthy Jews and only abroad because of severe restrictions on Jews in higher education in the Russian Empire (of which the territory of Latvia was a part for 200 years). In those towns and villages where Jewish inhabitants were the main or major part of the population, Jews usually took part in the local municipality, in fire brigades, and in other significant parts of social life. At the end of the 19th century, along with the ferment of revolutionary social movements, Jews founded the Bund and took active part in this social democratic organization. After the rise of Zionism, Jews of the villages voted for their representatives from among various social strata and political groupings, the Zionists themselves having various factions... Jewish small towns and villages had periods of flourishing growth and decline. The number of communities would fluctuate in tandem with railroad development, communities falling and rising with the closing and opening of railroad stations. Jews moved to other places... but the place of cemeteries remained the same. Other reasons for decreased in the number of communities were fire, disease (cemeteries for the victims of cholera were establish in Mitau (Jelgava) and Jugen (Rujena), though it is not known exactly where they were located), and migration. In the 1840s, many Jews moved to the larger cities and to the south of central Russia, and later, they emigrated to the United States, South Africa, and Palestine, though all these migrations occurred before the second World War and the Holocaust. The Holocaust is special subject of discussion... During the Nazi occupation, the local authorities gave order to destroy Jewish cemeteries; after the war, in the 1950s, parks were set up on the territory of a number of cemeteries. This fate befell the Old Jewish Cemetery in Riga, which was turned into the Park of the Communist Brigades... Historical Introduction: Jews in Livland (Latvia) and Kurland, the two principalities on the coast of the Baltic Sea that were incorporated with the Russian empire during the 18th century, comprised the nucleus of Latvian Jewry. Livonia, with the city of Riga, passed to Russia from Sweden by peace treaty in 1721. Kurland, formerly an autonomous duchy, was incorporated into Russian as a province in 1795. Both these provinces were situated outside the Pale of Settlement, and so only those Jews who could prove that they had lived there legally before the provinces became part of Russian were authorized to reside in the region. One-third of Latvian Jewry lived in Latgale, which before 1772 was incorporated within Poland but later was included in the Russian Empire. Being incorporated within Russia, Latgale was administratively added to the Province of Bitebsk (inside the Pale of Settlement), therefore, Jews of Latgale lived in worse circumstances in comparison with Jews of other districts of Latvia, and there were a lot of poor among them differing from Jews of Livland and Kurland, Latgale Jews were affected by Russian Culture and at the same time were very religious, mostly Hassidic. The Jewish population generally increased, since from time to time other Jews were given special 'privileges,' including the right to live outside the Pale of Settlement. Thus, by 1897, the Jewish population had increased to 142,315 (7.4 percent of the total population of Latvia). The integration of Latvian Jews started at the end of the 19th century, when Jews from Latgale began to remove to Riga. Before World War I, there were more than 170,000 (according to other sources, up to 190,000) Jews in territories of Latvia (7.4 percent of the total population). During the war years, many of them were expelled to the interior of Russia, while others escaped from the war zone. In 1920, the Jews of Latvia numbered 79,644 (5 percent of the population). By 1925, the Jewish population of Latvia had increased to 95,675, the largest number of Jews during the period of Latvia's existence as an independent state. By the mid-19th-century, there were 22, 734 Jews living in Kurland, and the census of 1897 lists 51,169 (7.6 percent of the population). The culture of the Kurland Jews was strongly influenced by German and Lithuanian Jewry. On the eve of the Holocaust, there were 93,000 Jews in the country - 43,000 in Riga, 7,000 in Liepaja (Libau), and rest in other communities. Immediately following the German invasion, Jews were subjected to persecution by the local population. By the end of the war, more than 90 percent of Latvian Jewry had perished. The Germans occupied Latvia during the first weeks of the German-Soviet war in July 1941. It became a part of the new Reichkommissariat 'Ostland' under the official name "General District of Latvia.' It is estimated that approximately 75,000 Jews fell into Nazi hands. At the instigation of Einsatzbruppen A (action commandos), Latvian auxiliary police carried out a pogrom against the Jews of Riga on July 4, 1941. Almost all synagogues were destroyed, and 400 Jews were killed. By the end of 1941, about 60,000 Latvian Jews had been killed. At the end of the Nazi occupation, there were 4,000 surviving Jews - prisoners of the concentration camp Kaiserwald and other camps outside Riga. These Jews were driven out of the Latvian camps to camps in Germany, where only about 1000 of them survived. At the same time, more than 400 Jews were hidden and saved in Latvia. The Jewish Community in Latvia Today. Following the defeat of Germany, approximately 3,000 Jewish survivors returned to Latvia. The majority of Jew in the country today, however, are descendants of Jews who came to Latvia from other parts of the Soviet Union after the war. Thus, Russian -speakers dominate the community, In the 1970s, Riga was a major center of Jewish dissident activity. After the collapse of communism and the resurrection of an independent Latvia, restrictions on Jewish life were removed. Today, there are approximately 9,000 Jews in the Country out of a total population of 2.3 million. There are synagogues in Riga, Daugavpils, Liepaja, and Rezekne. Most members of the community are non-observant. The Habad movement, however, is active in promoting Jewish observance. There are two Jewish schools in Riga attended by about 500 children who learn also Hebrew. As a part of Latvian Jews still did not obtain the Latvian citizenship they cannot exercise some of the civil rights. Cemeteries and Jewish Funeral Traditions. In Hebrew, a cemetery is called beyt-olam (or beyt-olmin), which means "house of eternity; of beyt-kvarot (house of the grave). Sometimes cemeteries were also called beyt-haym (house of life). Jewish cemeteries are our common historical heritage, and some of the gravestones are masterpieces made from granite, sandstone, cast iron, concrete. Symbols and texts on the gravestones show the deceased's relation to the Cohen or Levit families, his or her business, the level of holiness, and so forth. The variation of ohels (small houses) built over the graves of famous persons, the pedestals, and the grave plates made the Jewish cemetery anything but monotonous. In 1988, Gedalia Morein, in an article in the Latvian magazine 'Art,' wrote of his research on the tombstones in Jewish cemeteries in Latvia. He learned of the differences in the traditions of making and shaping Jewish tombstones in the various regions of the country. The cemeteries in Latgale, for example, had very simple and ascetic forms of decor, and the most attention was paid to the text, which was in Hebrew or Yiddish. The tombstones in the cemeteries of Kurland, by contrast, had various forms, different text in Hebrew and German - and with an interesting feature: the German text and the dates were based on the Hebrew calendar. There were paintings on the tombstones as well - mostly of different animals, such as lions, elk, wolves, and bears. The animals illustrated the names of the deceased, but they also were heraldic signs. In the heraldic meaning, the lion was the herald of Jude, the elk - of innocence, the snake - of death, the dove - the Jewish nation and woman; grapes symbolized fruitful work and also could symbolize the Jewish nation. The hand, which gave the blessing, was the sign of Cohen; the hands that held the watering can were the sign of the Levites. The candle that burned symbolized the creation of the world, whereas the candle unlit symbolized death. On women's gravestones, menorahs or candles were painted. Tombstones in the form of a broken tree could be seen in all over Latvia, from Ludza to Liepaja. In Riga's new Jewish cemetery in Smerli, after the Second World War new tombstones appeared which - along with pictures and paintings of such items as a violin, a key, a brush, or an anchor - characterized the profession of the deceased. Mr. Morein wrote that in the 1920s and 1930s, Latvia presented a museum of cemetery tombstones representing Western as well as Eastern tendencies, while demonstrating specific local traits and details that made Latvia cemeteries unique. Fifteen years have passed since Mr. Morein wrote these words, and, while researching for this publication, we were unable to find this uniqueness in Latvia any more. Nevertheless, we were able to find some cemeteries, such as in Kuldiga, where, thanks to the architect Arvils Orins and researchers of the Kuldiga Museum, for wooden tombstones from the local Jewish cemetery were saved. In 1978, the cemetery was slated for destruction, and a park was created, though this project was only partially completed, leaving part of the cemetery and the loveliest of its monuments intact. The unique wooden tombstones were removed to the Kuldiga Museum to ensure their survival - a rare case of conservation in Latvia and the rest of the world. From death to funeral. According to Jewish mythology, when malah-movet (angel of death) comes for the soul of a human being, he leaves the lifeless body for the living, and their duty is to bury it with honor. Relatives and friends, as well as the society Hevra-Kadisha, are responsible for this obligation. The eyes of the deceased are closed and the body laid on the floor, putting the legs together and positioning the hands over the breast. The body is covered with a sheet, and burning candles are put at the head. The candle's light symbolized the holy human soul. All windows must be opened and mirrors in the house are to be covered. From the time of death until the funeral, all the deceased's close relatives - father, mother, brother, sister, son daughter, husband, and wife are onen (Hebrew for 'a person in sorrow'). The main responsibility of onen is to organize the funeral a soon as possible, and they are therefore freed from their daily duties. Onen shall refrain from washing, shaving, eating meat, drinking wine, having sex. Although it is required that the body be buried on the day of death, this generally is not possible because of the necessity of completing paperwork and waiting of the arrival of relatives. If the deceased has no relatives or close friends, the community takes the responsibility of the memorial service. Jews were always buried and never cremated. Halakah interdicts any burial other than interment and particularly cremation. Even though the deceased express the wish to be cremated, he or she had to be buried and the will of God must be done. The cremated remains cannot be buried in the Jewish cemetery, and the Jewish community does not bear any responsibility. Judaism does not allow one to mourn the cremated person. From bygone days the greatest disaster was not to be interred in the cemetery. A ceremony of purification (tahara) was required, which allowed burying the body with respect and honor. The ceremony consisted of washing the body, covering it with a sheet (tahrihim), and then preparing for the funeral. A person from the Hevra-Kadisha society washed the body. If a man had died, only men were allowed to prepare his body for the funeral; if a woman had died, only women were allowed to prepare her body. Preparations were usually held in a special room at the cemetery or nearby. The teacher of Torah Gamliel from Yavne promulgated a rule that all Jews should be buried in the same clothing (tahrihim) - a simple outfit consisting of a cotton shirt and pants, a special head covering for both men and women, and a tie around the head to keep the jaw closed. The rule on clothing prevented the poor from feeling shame and the wealthy from competing in demonstrations of expensive burial outfits. The clothing had no pockets that would allow placement of things of material worth because the only one real value of a human being is his or her soul. Tahrihim symbolized clarity, simplicity, and human honor. A deceased male should be wrapped in a prayer shawl - known as a tallis - and tzitzit should be cut. The tzitzits are a reminder of the 613 commandments which the living must observe according to the Talmud. Jewish wise men counseled that Jews be buried in simple wooden coffins, as expensive coffins would not confer honor and respect. The good works of the person, and not the extravagance of the coffin, spoke to the honor of the deceased. A handful of soil left from digging the grave was put in a small sack and placed under the head of the deceased as a pillow. Persons wealthy enough to obtain soil from Israel would place this under the deceased's head and body to emulate burial in Israel. The Jews have special rites to cover the eyes of the deceased. At the cemetery in Embute a local inhabitant stated that in some cases when Jews forgot to bring the required symbols with them they bought from the peasants an earthenware bowl, which they broke and put the shard to the eyes of the dead. The funeral ceremony started at Beyt-Levayot - the ritual room for farewell, where all the deceased's relatives and friends gathered. A representative of Hevra-Kadisha read the appropriate prayers. Before the farewell speeches (hespedim), the close relatives were asked to say goodbye. At this moment, the face of the deceased was revealed only to relatives to affirm the deceased's identity. The coffin was taken to the grave on a special litter, and it was considered an honor to help convey the coffin; therefore, the opportunity to carry the litter was given to all who wished to do so. Those who carried the litter would change after several minutes with others. If a man died, Psalm No. 91 was read, but if a woman, then poems from the 31st chapter of the Book of Mishna (the parables of King Solomon) were also read. The representatives of Hevra-Kadisha read the poems. Usually, the funeral procession stopped three times, but in some communities it stopped seven times to recognize the seven days during which the world was created. Representatives of the Hevra-Kadisha put the deceased into the grave face up, during which time the mourners say, 'Let him/her rest in peace.' Jewish tradition prohibits putting any items into the grave. Close relatives of the deceased (spouse, children, parents) placed soil on the coffin using the right hand: the fingers and thumb of the hand were extended and held together, and the hand, palm down, was put into a loosened mound of soil. The hand was retrieved, and the soil that lay on top of the hand was thrown on top of the coffin. This act was repeated three times by each close relative. Male mourners were required to take the spade and throw soil on the coffin, thus remembering the deceased. The spade was not handed on but stuck into the ground and only then taken up by the next mourner. After the grave was covered, the representative of Hevra-Kadisha read the prayer Siduk ha-Din (condolences in light of God's decision). at the end of the ceremony, the mourners read a special Kadish - Kadish Gadol, the great Kadish, that is read only on such occasions. Kadish Gadol is different from other forms of Kadish prayers because it emphasizes the wait until liberation and the renewal of this world and life. The last prayer was El male rahamim (the Merciful Ruler), which is read by the Hevra-Kadisha representative. If the burial takes place on the day of the New Moon, half-holiday or holiday when it is allowed to bury, then the interment is made according to the shortened rite. In some Jewish communities, including Riga, there is a ritual asking the deceased's forgiveness, which emphasizes respect for him or her. The Hevra-Kadisha representative reads the following to the deceased: 'Everything we have done we have done in your honor in accordance with Jewish tradition in our community. You are released from all obligations. Go and rest in peace and let your fate be determined at the end of days. Be a protector and advocate of your family and friends (with God). Let peace and life be with Israel and us forever and ever. Amen.' Flowers should be placed on the grave only at the end of the funeral ceremony. After the funeral ceremony, those present wash their hands, an act symbolizing the old ritual that purifies a living person after contact with the dead. The hands also must be washed after each attendance at the cemetery. No burials take place on Saturday. Mourning. Mourning is divided into four periods, after which the mourners slowly overcome their pain and returned to normal life: Onen (a person in sorrow) - the period from death to the funeral' Shiva (seven) - the period of seven days from the funeral; Shloshim (thirty) - the period from the eighth after the funeral to the thirtieth day; A year after the funeral (only if the mother or father has died). After these periods have elapsed, the anniversary of the death is mentioned based on the Jewish calendar. Funeral traditions help to find the appropriate link between sorrow and the necessity of returning to normal life. The intensity of mourning slowly subsides day by day. Mourning is also expressed by the tearing of one's clothes (criya). This demonstrates pain of loss (avel). Depending on the relationship between the mourner and the deceased, there are rules as to where and how clothing should be torn. After the funeral, from the moment the grave is covered, shiva (the first week of mourning) begins. According to Jewish tradition, the main purpose of this period is to bring mourners back to normal life. It is important for friends and relatives of the mourners to organize a 'meal of condolence' (seudat havraa). The meal is composed of bread, boiled eggs, or legumes; according to tradition, all items served this day should have a round form, which is a symbol of mourning representing the turnover of life and death. The 'meal of condolence' is a minimal offering to sate hunger. It is not an occasion for sharing memories of the deceased, as this is not in accordance with Jewish tradition. During the seven days of shiva, the mourners, with the exception of special circumstances, should not work. Furniture very low to the ground or no furniture is used during this time to remind persons that they are in a mourning state. Shoes are not worn. These days are called nihum avelim (comforting of the mourners). Days of attendance. If you are not a close friend or relative, there is not reason to come to express condolences earlier than two days after the funeral. What to bring. In several communities, mostly Sephardim, it is required that food be brought, but this not customary among Ashkenzaim. If something edible is brought, it should be in single-use dishes. In all Jewish communities, it is inappropriate to bring flowers, as they are symbols of celebration. What to say. Mourners may feel awkward, not knowing what to say and fearing they might somehow be impolite. There are rules that are helpful: mourners do not greet their hosts at the entrance but come in and sit down silently to share the pain of the mourners. The door is usually open to avoid greetings and attracting attention. Mourners should not start the conversation. In general, there is no need to speak a great deal; condolences are not expressed in words as much as by attendance. The period from the seventh day after the funeral (the end of shiva) until the thirtieth day after the funeral is the second state of mourning for the relativ3es, called shloshim (thirty). If shloshim occurs during one of the feasts - Pesah, Shavuot, Rosh-ha Shana, Yom-Kipur, or Sukkot - then shloshim comes to an end. At the end of shloshim, the family goes to the cemetery. On this day, a gravestone should be erected (sometimes gravestones are put up a year after the funeral). The mourning period lasting a year is allowed only when mourning for parents. Usually during this time there is abstention from attending weddings or other celebrations. During the eleventh month after the funeral, relatives of the deceased shall read the Kadish. Every year, according to the Jewish calendar, relatives commemorate the day of death (Yiddish Yor-Tzayt). On the day prior to the anniversary, before sunset, relatives burn a candle (nemeshame), which should burn during the following day. If possible, relatives go to the cemetery to read a prayer. The days of Yom-Kipur, the seventh day of Pesah, Shavuot and Shmini-Atzeret also are days of commemoration. In the mornings on these days, Iskor (Commemoration of the dead) is read in synagogues between reading of the Torah and Musat (bringing of offerings). We hope the reader will understand that this publication about Jewish burial customs is informative only. The Hevra-Kadisha alone may take responsibility for burials in accordance with the above mentioned Jewish laws and local customs." A. Pilten (Piltene): "This cemetery (one of the oldest Jewish cemeteries in Latvia) was established at the beginning of the 18th century. Although the cemetery has survived in poor condition, it is regularly maintained because of its historical value. In 1799, a decree of the Senate of Russia noted that Jews had been living in Pilten for 200 years. If Jews were forbidden to live in the cities of the Kurland Duchy by a law of 1561, then in Piltene at that time, which was part of the Piltene district subject directly to the king of Poland. Jews had permission not only live and trade in the town, but were also in 1570 given civil rights equal to those of other citizens and the opportunity to buy real estate. The Jewish community of Pilten was founded in 1708, and a synagogue was opened at this time. However, due to the rapid development of Hazenpoth (Aizpute), the community of Pilten fell into decline and enjoyed a renaissance only in 1805. At that time, Jews mostly lived in rural areas: in 1792, only 896 out of 4581 Jewish men in Kurland lived in towns. In 1935, there were only 45 Jews in Pilten (6.1 percent of the population). Among the famous Jews of Pilten was tsadik Alighu (died 1815). From 1805, Rabbi Reuben Yehoshua Zelig Ashkenazy is mentioned in the chronicles. The rabbi of the town was Dov Ber Hirsh until 1850 and then Joseph Herzberg (until 1855), then Menachem Mendel Israelson (until 1859) and others. Due to a sharp decrease in the numbers of Jews in Pilten, the Jewish community was served by rabbi from Ventspils - Dr. Isaak Faitelberg and Efraim Samunov. The last rabbi in Pilten was Rubin Rubinstein. Location of the cemetery: the suburbs of Piltene (211 km from Riga; 22 km from Ventspils), 31/33 J. Matera Street (3 km from the town center)." B. Tuckum (Tukums): "The first official burial of Jews in Tuckum occurred in 1799; however some information suggests that burials here started in 1753. The Hevra-Kadisha society was founded in 1765. Today, the cemetery occupies 1.6 hectares and is divided into old, middle, and new sections. The last burials took place in 1973. The Jewish community in Tuckum was formed in 1765 and was officially registered in 1801. In 1800, 255 Jews lived in the town; in 1850, there were 2887 (47 percent of the inhabitants). In the second half of the 19th century, Jews came to Tuckum from Lithuania, but as they did not have the right to settle here, they were removed from the town. In 1865, a fire destroyed the synagogue, and 28 Jewish families were made homeless. After the First World War, 597 Jews lived in Tuckum; in 1935, there were 953 (11.7 percent of the inhabitants. Today, only five Jews live here. From 1813 to 1941, the rabbis of Tukums were from the Lihtenstein family (the last rabbi from this family perished in the Holocaust); the Kopenhagen family produced several well known doctors; the Ferber, Blumenfeld, and Herzenberg families produced a series of social activists and philanthropists who contributed a great deal to the development of the town. Location of the cemetery; Tukums (63 km from Riga), at the end of Klusa Street. C. Jelgava (Mitau): "The cemetery was established in 1729 when Isaak bar Ieguda received from the Duke of Kurland permission to found a Hevra-Kadisha society. In 1825, a site was purchased with money from the Borkum brothers for expansion of the cemetery, and in 1926, the city allocated ground for further expansion of the cemetery. In 1831, after a cholera epidemic in Mitau, a special cholera cemetery was established, where Rabbi Efraim Jacobson and his pupil Yehuda Karp were buried. The exact location of this cemetery is not known. The Jewish community in Mitau was formed at the beginning of the 18th century. Many Jewish scholars, rabbis, and other well known individuals are buried in the cemetery that remains, including Simon Blumenfeld - the calligrapher who, according to legend, wrote for Pope Pius VII the entire text of the Torah on a sheet of paper that was rolled up and passed through a signet ring, for which the calligrapher received a diamond ring in return. He worked both for the Russian and Prussian emperors as well as many other famous persons. In 1775, the following persons lived in Mitau - the philosopher Markus Herz, the pupil of educator Moisey Mendelson; the wrier and historian Reuben Wunderbar, who wrote a history of the Jews of Livland and Kurland and was the official translator of the provincial government, well known publicist Solomon Pucher, who became state rabbi in 1859; the family of Rabbis Nurok - Tsvi Hersh Nurok (died 1912), his sons Mordechay and Aaron. In 1935, 2039 Jews lived in Jelgava (6 percent of the population). The last rabbi was the distinguished historian Leon (Levy) Ovchinsky (perished in the Holocaust.) Location of the cemetery: Jelgava (40 km from Riga), 1 Miera Street." 6. From a display at the Jewish History Museum in Riga, Latvia which I visited Jun 2009: "The first Jewish settlers arrived in Latvia in the middle of the 16th century in the area of Piltene. In 1570 they acquired full civic rights, were allowed to have real property and to build synagogues. In 1797 the Jew Euchel was elected to Aizpute's towncouncil, became an alderman and member of the towncourt." 7. From a history book of Jewish synagogues in the Jewish History Museum in Riga, Latvia which I visited Jun 2009. A. It has a photo of the Piltene Synagogue and the following comment: "Piltene (Pilten) - a town in the Ventspils district. First mentioned in 1234, granted the status of a town in 1557. The information concerning Jewish settlers dates back to the 16th-17th centuries. The synagogue (one of the oldest in Courland) was mentioned in 1708. Population in 1935: 737 citizens including 45 Jews. Synagogue at 5, Sinagogas St., a stone building, constructed in 1850, reconstructed in 1925, 38 registered community members. Rabbi: Ephraim Samunov." B. It has the following comment: "Jelgava (Mitau) - a district town in the Zemgale province. first mentioned in 1265, a township since 1345, granted the status of a town in 1573. the Jewish community was formed at the beginning of the 18th century and was one of the oldest and larges in the 19th century. Population in 1935: 34,099 citizens including 2,039 Jews. The first Synagogue of Kalman Borkum was constructed in 1784, rebuilt in 1874 by Friedlieb and was renamed Friedlieb's Synagogue at 1 Dika St., a wooden building, reconstructed in 1922-1934, 208 registered community members. Salzman's Synagogue at 11 Viestura St., a wooden building, constructed in 1830, reconstructed in 1936. 52 registered community members. The Great Synagogue at 1 Udens St., a brick building, constructed in 1860, reconstructed in 1934-1939. 671 registered community members. The House of Prayer of Chassidim at 4 K. Barona St., constructed in 1919. 58 registered community members. Rabbis: Leon Orvchinsky, Yossel Levitin. Ritual slaughterers: Simon Blumson, Elias Yuter, Gutman Melamed. Cantors: Morduch Sherenzon, Jacob Yoffe." 8. Website of Peter Bruce Herzenberg of London, England (since relocated to South Africa). Website is no longer functioning as of 7 Aug 2007. Copies of his data from website in my possession. A. Brief Chronology of Major Historical Events in Latvia: Date Event 900 ce Three Baltic tribes akin to Slavs, Latgals, Zengals and Kurs - occupied the present Latvia. 1200-1400 Latvia was ruled by Teutonic Knights and the country became the so-called 'Battleground for Heathen Souls' as these Knights led the vanguard of Christian Imperialism over Europe in the Middle Ages. 1480 Battle of Grunewald in which the combined forces of Russia, Poland and Lithuania routed the Teutonic Knights. 1500 Latvia became part of the Hanseatic League. 1561 Latvia was subjected to a recurrent struggle for control between Germany, Russian and Swedish forces. 1625 Libau was founded. 1721 Peter the Great's victory over Sweden allowed Russia to seize control of the Baltic Estates. 1795 Kurland fell to Russia: a century of serfdom ensued for the Baltic peasants. 1881 The railway line between Libau and Romney was completed. 1899 Riga led a revolt against the Tsar. 1914 World War I erupted. 1918 Germany occupied Latvia; Latvia proclaimed its independence. 1934 Ulmanish with his Aizsargi overthrew the Social Democratic government and established a Fascist dictatorship. 1939 Outbreak of World War II 1941 The Wehrmacht occupied Latvia. 1945 The Red army liberated Latvia. 1991 Latvia regained its independence. B. "The Herzenbergs of Piltene and Liepeja," by Len Yodaiken (in Israel), June 1999, Excerpt From: Preface "In presenting this family tree of the well known Herzenberg family of Kurland, I would like to pay tribute to all those members of the family who have maintained the family traditions and researched its roots. In particular I must mention Leonardo Herzenberg for his research and analyses of his father's memoirs, Gail Herzenberg who had kept detailed records of her own branch, Peter Herzenberg who has made a superb attempt to gather all the material and make some sort of order out of it. Last but not least, the family should pay thanks to Mr Harold Hodes of London who has initiated and patronised this project. The research of Alexandrs Feigmanis in Riga who has ferreted out many useful records in the Archives of Latvia has been the basis for this essay. Initially the impression was that the Herzenbergs were one unified family, but as time progressed it became apparent, as other branches and families popped up in many different locations, that the task of unifying them all at this point was indeed a daunting one and that possibly many more months or even years of research are required in order to amalgamate, at least, the majority of individuals found. I therefore do not pretend that this is either a comprehensive or definitive work on the family, but rather a basis for future expansion, should some member of the family take it upon himself [or herself], that challenge. An attempt has been made to bring the known branches of the family up to date at least to the turn of the 20th century adding in all those later generations who were easily accessible after that date. Without having made a universal search we can point out that there were branches of the Herzenberg family in Russia proper, Estonia, Serbia, Rumania, Canada and the USA to mention a few that have come to light. Something else which should be undertaken by a member of the family is the assembling of a historical biography of the family. This so that the younger members of the family can have access to their own history and thereby establishing their own identity, both as Herzenbergs and as Jews. Leonardo's father, Robert [in his] memoirs represents a wonderful basis for such an undertaking. In the 20th century we tend to think of the origins of the family to have been in Latvia, but 20th century Latvia is made up of three provinces of the Tzarist Russian Empire, namely the Duchy of Kurland, Livonia and Semigalia. Kurland had historic ties with Germany throughout history, having originally been founded by the Order of Teutonic Knights and it remained culturally tied to Germany well into this century. This was also true of the Jewish Community which followed the German Jewish "Enlightenment" movement. Livonia was ruled for many years by the Livonian knights and fell into the Swedish sphere of influence, but this was mainly felt in Northern Livonia which is today part of Estonia. The area of Livonia and Semigalia in which the Jews lived came equally under German influence and that of Rabbinic Lithuania. This difference, to some extent expresses itself in the division of the Herzenberg family." C. "Jews in Piltene," Yevreyskays encklopedia, St. Petersburg, 1910, vol.XII, page 516, vol.IX, page 926, 927: "In the old chronicles in Germany, there is mention that in 1350 a Jew named Moses was accused of poisoning wells during the great plague in Piltene. The first sure mention about Jews settling in the town was at the start of 16th (XVI) century, when the bishop of Piltene district, Johann von Munhaussen, invited Jewish merchants from western Europe to settle. At the end of the century, Jews had the right to live in the city and to buy immovable property, as well as the right of citizenship. From 1561 until 1819 the district of Piltene was like a separate state inside the Duchy of Courlande, also there, the laws about Jews were different and more tolerant than in the rest of Courlande. However, in 1717 a decree to expel Jews was approved by landtag - Christian merchants seeing in Jews, competitors in trade and crafts. Noblemen were more favourably disposed to them, because they paid good taxes. By the middle of the 18th (XVII) century, Jews continued to live in Courlande and brothers Osaya and Hirsch Kahn were appointed as tax inspectors of the Jewish population. In Piltene 1798, there lived 293 Jewish men. In Piltene 1835, there lived 1709 Jewish people, of both sexes. In Piltene 1897, there lived 1509 inhabitants, among them 629 Jews. In Piltene 1910, there was a Jewish school for boys." 9. Website of Peter Bruce Herzenberg of London, England (since relocated to South Africa). Website is no longer functioning as of 7 Aug 2007. Copies of his data from website in my possession. He indicates references by codes, which pertain to the original source and file held in his database. I have no key to the sources; however, he lists the main researchers and their contributions in the following lengthy report which I include in full as follows: "RESEARCH: The TASK of FINDING The HerzenbergS No easy matter, especially when plagues and wars have scattered the survivors so far and wide. With over a century of separation between most of the families and scant records of our forefathers on which to proceed, we have endeavoured to bridge the gap. ASSEMBLING The INFORMATION Initially there were three main sources of information from within the family. Firstly, Robert Herzenberg recorded his grandparents and parents generation in Libau, Latvia and passed this down to his son Leonardo. This forms the main trunk of the tree. Secondly, Gabriel William Herzenberg recorded his parents generation and passed this down to his children, Gail & Berl Herzenberg. Then, first cousins Winston and Peter Herzenberg assembled the South African Herzenbergs in the mid-nineties. Through the introduction of the Internet, Peter contacted Leonardo and found out that Harold Hodes had commissioned a search into the Hodes/Herzenberg tree in Latvia, with researcher Aleksandrs Feigmanis having supplied what information existed there. A meeting of Harold, Hazel (his sister), Gail and Peter occurred in London on April 10, 1999. This reunion brought together the three branches of the family for the first time in over a century. See photos... Harold Hodes then engaged a professional genealogist, Len Yodaiken in Israel to undertake the task to putting all the pieces together. In the meantime, Peter Herzenberg with the help of distant relatives as far afield as South Africa, Australia, Germany, USA and Canada located many of the missing branches. The record is far from complete and the project, ongoing... CONTRIBUTORS We acknowledge and thank all who have contributed in a professional capacity, or as voluntary researchers and financially, to make this project possible. Particularly, Harold Hodes who has generously sponsored the first full genealogy of the Herzenbergs of Libau under the professional guidance of Len Yodaiken, a genealogist in Israel. The main body of the records and in giving order to our tree remains much of Len's contribution; he contributed about a third of the names. A special thank you to Leonardo Herzenberg, who created the first Herzenberg Web Site, and has given permission for us to use his father, Robert Herzenberg's memoirs. Importantly, from his site Leonardo has contributed to at least a third of the names, hence providing the nucleus on which this tree has been built. On this Web site you will also find further reminisces from Leonardo's father with splendid accounts of daily life in Kurland (Courland), Latvia. See e-mail address below. Further credit must be apportioned to Aleksandrs Feigmanis, a professional researcher in Latvia, Gail Herzenberg, Michael Phillips (married to Paula Herzenberg) and the Late Winston Herzenberg, all of whom have contributed much to the current records. Importantly, two other family members need a special thank you from us all. Namely, Leonardo Herzenberg's father, Robert, who has left us a priceless record in his reminisces, recording the names within the text. Then Gail and Berl Herzenberg's father, Gabriel, who had the foresight to also leave a record of his family and descendants. Lastly, I am indebted to the many family members who have contributed so generously and given voluntarily and freely of their time. Between us, we have contributed the other third of names. MAIN RESEARCHERS in 1999 Hodes, Harold, 106 Brim Hill, London, N2 0EY, United Kingdom Tel +44 181 883 5464 hh@Bloem.demon.co.uk Harold graciously sponsored the research under-taken by Feigmanis and later, Len Yodaiken. He also contributed much in the way of personal records. Yodaiken, Len, Professional genealogical researcher: Fax: 00972 6691 4947 Shoshly@canaan.co.il - Kibbutz Kfar, Hanasai, Galil, Elion, Israel, 12305. Unstinting and generally irritated by my many questions, Len produced a superb record of many of the European Herzenbergs. Feigmanis, Aleksandrs, Grestes 2-12 LV-1021, Riga, Latvia. Tel 371-7246893 aleksgen@mailcity.com Professional genealogical researcher: He recorded many of the early generations on which the foundation of the tree is now built. Herzenberg, Leonardo, 1700 E. 56th St # 2707, Chicago, Illinois, USA Tel 773-995.7072 herzenberg@computer.org Leonardo's tree is an invaluable tool with a vast amount of information which shows one main trunk/branch. To my knowledge, he is the first family member to have attempted this task in such detail. Without his records these pages would be bleak indeed. Richard Lee (Rick) Hertzenberg, Rhertzy@aol.com The Nordic Hertzenbergs. Rick has put together his family tree and an example of dedication. If a tie exists between the families it must be Michael's generation or earlier and beyond any known records. We are pleased to have his consent to include his tree here, for those interested in the surname or unsure of which family they possibly fit into. A more detailed tree is available at his site, mentioned below. Herzenberg Peter, 41, Goodwin Close, London, SE14 3TR UK Tel +00 171 2318511 Email: access.amp@virgin.net. [Note that Peter moved to South Africa in the early 2000s and has since discontinued the tree from which this report came.] This tree was possible only with all the hard work of those above and a lot of help from our relatives below... OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Berl Herzenberg - Deborah Herzenberg - Erwin Herzenberg - Gail Herzenberg - Gerald Herzenberg - Hirsch Jocum Dr - Howard Herzenberg - Irwin Herzenberg - Jerry Herzenberg - Joseph Herzenberg - Leonard A Herzenberg - Leonardo Herzenberg - Mary Herzenberg - Mike Phillips - Rita Cohen - Ruth Herzenberg - Shari Odenheimer - Winston Herzenberg... OriginS of OUR SURNAME! The surname Herzenberg was given to our Jewish forefathers probably in the mid-seventeenth century by the authorities who wished to keep a track of the population, as prior to this period, surnames were not commonplace. The first surviving population census we have on record is 1811, hence the Herzenbergs living in Kurland prior to this event, for roughly a century and half, or at least a few generations of whom we have absolutely no records, and remain unaccounted for in our family tree. If there were earlier public census' then we are not aware of them. Fortunately although scant, records have survived by way of documents and family recollections. Gravesides in Libau, Riga and other towns have produced numerous names, but still, this tree is far from a complete when considering the many minor towns and villages as yet, not researched. This accounts for why there are a few dismembered branches in our tree. Regardless, we have built a formidable array of family members prior to 1811, and therefore can account for most persons throughout the 1700 century. Of course, while we enjoy a preoccupation with the surname, we should not lose sight of the fact past generations of our forefathers came from the south: the exodus from Egypt, along the north Africa Coast though countries such as Libya, Tunisia and finally crossed into Europe via Spain. Driven out from there in............during the ........ when many Jews were burnt ..........., they settled across the fertile plains of mid-Europe. Again, driven from France they turned yet once more northwards. Then again a migrated further north, away from the many unfriendly Europe principalities during the 1400 to 1600 century, settling in countries like Kurland where they were well received. They were yet to acquire a surname. It seems the authorities must have looked favourably on our forefathers, because the tendency was, if the did not like the individuals concerned, they acquired unfavourable names. There has been much speculation as to the actual origin of the Herzenberg name, meaning 'Heart of the Mountain'. It is clearly a German word and in Hebrew, translates to Levihar. These have ranged from being named after a locality, a deer, to acquiring the name of a highly respected German family, which did exist. Whatever the facts, in truth, we just do not know. The records show that dependant on where, or the nationality of the writer, the name was recorded in either German or Russian; often showing slight variations in spelling for the same individual, as: Herzenberg - Hertzenberg - Hercenberg - Hercenbergs - - Hertcenberg - Hertsenberg Sometimes, (possibly) erroneously as Herzberg or Hertzberg, which seems to be an entirely different family. It is worth noting here that in 1815 Census the records show Eliahu b. Jossel, the Rabbi (1) at Pesach, was recorded as Hertzberg and his son Jossel b. Eliahiu as Herzenberg, the Rabbi (2) at Piltene. [If you are a Herzenberg, then you will know how many times your name has been misspelt in your lifetime. My favourite to date is in the current London telephone directory where the erroneous entry reads Herverdenberg.] In Russian the 'z' is substituted for a 'c'. Clearly the early Herzenbergs did not stay in one location, namely: Kurland(Latvia). They spread outwards, to Lithuania, Estonia, Russia, Poland, Germany, France and Sweden. These being the countries where we have established their presence. The Nordic family of Hertzenbergs record shows Michael as the first in their line. He may well have been one of our descendants. Today their family are Nordic and of the Lutheran religion. In Estonia there were families that were very prominent in the Estonia navy through the 1700s. While their names suggest a Jewish origin, clearly at that time they were Christians. A branch of German Herzenbergs appears around 18.... Political events have had much to do with determining our future. The pogroms and hardships before the turn of the 1800/1900 century saw a number of Herzenbergs depart for the New World. Later, WW1 saw others leave Europe. The threat of WW2 saw an exodus from Latvia with a number finding their way to Bolivia, South Africa and as far afield as Australia. Few Holocaust survivors found their way to these new lands. When you read actual names of our family who were led out into Riga and Libau forests and shot, it brings it all tragically home. Today, we have many orthodox or progressive Jewish families still in the tree, whilst others no longer practice Judaism. Many Herzenberg men and women have married others of different faiths. For the future...we remain a family, all proud of our heritage and our name. EXCERPTS from A LETTER from LEN YODAIKEN To The Family. The Jewish Historical events of the early 19th century. It would appear that the Herzenbergs started off as being an orthodox Jewish family in a homogeneous Baltic World (called Litvaks or Misnagdim) as distinct from Poland-Hungary who were largely Hassidim the latter was a break that went back to the 18th century. At the beginning of the 19th century in Germany a movement called the Enlightenment (Haskala) Movement started with a philosophy expounded by Rabbi Moses Mendelsohn, the grandfather of Felix the composer. This very simply said that a Jew could be observant in his own home and lead a full Jewish life there whilst in the outside world he could mingle with, dress like and adopt some of the culture of his host nation. Kurland was very influenced by everything German and so were many of its Jews. I believe that this was the initial cause of the distancing of the two parts of the family. Harold's family with its Rabbis married into Lithuanian families - Idelson, Hodes etc. To the Lithuanian Jews the Enlightenment movement was a move to assimilation and was therefore anathema to them. Leonardo's family appears to have followed the German school with many German names and German as distinct from Yiddish as a household language. Names and naming practices. Jews in Eastern Europe usually had at least two and often 3 names. Their Hebrew name, Osher (Asher), Eleazer, Arye etc. were used often in combination with their Yiddish names in the synagogue and on their tombstones. Their Yiddish names, Lemchen, Leiser, Leib etc. were used in their daily activities and often with the authorities until such time as they adopted civil names largely as a result of the above mentioned process. Then names such as Ludwig, Leopold, William etc. appeared. A Jewish child was called after a deceased grandparent, firstly paternal, if the paternal grandparent was still living or if he/she was the second child they were then called after the maternal grandparent - then followed great grandparents uncles etc. This is the basis for extrapolation. To carry it a little further. In the synagogue you were called up to the Torah by your own name and your patronymic that is your father's name. Likewise on a tombstone in Hebrew is inscribed the name of the deceased as well as his patronymic. All this makes for a tremendous tool for Jewish Genealogy. Extrapolation. We obviously don't start our families at Adam and Eve, but chose a starting point from which we have solid information. In the case of the Herzenbergs the starting point is the family information that Alexandrs Feigmanis found in the Censuses from 1811 and 1815. from 1811 we have Eliahu the son of Joseph b. 1771, from 1815 we have Lemchen the son of Joseph b. 1772. Also from 1815 we have Levin (Leib) son of Lemchen b. 1798. As a generation is usually considered to be between 25 and 30 years on average the latter Lemchen (the father) would have been born around 1768 - 1773. My conclusion was that both Lemchens were called after a common grandfather and made him the apex of the family. Working on this basis you realise very quickly that the earlier you go, the smaller the range of names there were in the family. As new wives come into the family so more names are added. So if for example I take the name Hirsh or Tvi Hirsh. We find that he is the son of Rebecca Idelson Herzenberg and I have found a contemporary Idelson family whose patriarch was Tvi Hirsh thus accounting for the entrance of that name into the family. I suspect that William Gabriel came into Gail's family in a similar manner. It would be interesting to have his Jewish name. To look for connections between the civil names is not as productive as there are no defined connections if you do not know the parent's name.. Information is the US Social Security Death Records. They have listed over 30 Herzenberg entries, a few of whom I have identified. For the sum of $7 they will give you the contents of the Social Security application forms which include the names and maiden name of the deceased's parents. These in turn may tie a few branches together. They also give the place of death so that it is possible to find the Jewish cemetery nearby in which they were buried. WHAT'S IN A NAME! IDENTIFYING GERMAN NAMES - Taken from an unknown WWW site If you know a little German, you will be able to recognise names more easily; however, if you do not know German there are a number of clues to look for. Look for names which begin with sch, the consonant cluster and sound represented in English by sh, like in shoe: Schaefer (Schafer, Schaeffer, Schaffer, Shaffer), Schlitz, Schluter, Schmid (Schmidt, Schmitt, Schmitz), Schneider, Schrader, Schroeder, Schul(t)z (Schulz, Shulz), Schumacher, Schu(h)mann, and Schwar(t)z. Look for names with ue (ü), oe (ö), indicating umlauts; beginning with Kn: Knopf, Knecht, Knefler, Kno(e)del; beginning with Pf: Pflaume, Pfrommer, Pfister, Pfizer; beginning with Str: Stroh. Names with ei are mostly German (but not all): Reichmann, Reimann, Reimers, Eisenhower, Heilemann, Klein, Weimer, Weiss. Neu is German for new: Neuman(n), Neuberger, Nieman(n), Nauman(n). If a name ends in -mann, -burg, -berg, -lich, -stein, or -t(h)al, it is a likely indication that the name is German. But in certain settlement areas, these endings could also refer to Swedish and Russian Jewish backgrounds. There are German place names ending in -burg (castle), -bruck (bridge), -furt (ford), -berg (mountain), -reuth, -rode (clearing in woods). Many German names have their roots in the Germanic middle ages. The process of forming family names began around the year 1100 and extended through 1600. All social classes and demographic strata aided in the development of names. ENTRY (Rufnamen) identified specific persons. Over time the first name began to be applied to the bearer's whole family. At first through verbal usage, family names (Familiennamen) were later fixed through writing. Until the 17th century, first names played a more important role. In East Friesland, family names originated the latest. The earliest family names derived from the ENTRY (Patronym). Later ENTRY. If a person of family migrated from one place to another they were identified by ENTRY. Of more recent origin are ENTRY, ENTRY. These names comprise the largest group and the most easily recognizable, for they tell what the first bearer did for a living. Another group are ENTRY. Finally, there are ENTRY; the age old division in tribes and regions (low German, middle German and upper German) is often reflected in names. For non-German speakers they are at first hard to "localize." Names from along the Dutch border, and some of the names from Northern Germany, sound much like Dutch or English names, respectively. FIRST NAMES Names in blue appear in the Herzenberg Tree Old Germanic First Names (and their short forms) Masculine: Albert, Albrecht, Armin, Arno, Benno, Bernd, Bernhard, Berthold, Bruno, Burkhard, Daniel, Detlev, Dieter, Dietmar, Dirk, Eberhard, Edmund, Erik, Ernst, Erwin, Ewald, Ferdinand, Frank, Freddi(y), Friedrich, Friedl, Fritz, Gerhard, Gu(ü)nt(h)er, Hagen, Harald, Hartmut, Heiko, Heinrich, Heinz, Helge, Helmut, Hendrik, Henning, Herbert, Hermann, Holger, Horst, Hubert, Hugo, Ingo, Karl, Karl-Heinz, Konrad, Kurt, Lothar, Ludwig, Lutz, Manfred, Meinhard, Olaf, Oskar, Otto, Rainer, Ralf, Reinhard, Richard, Robert, Roland, Rolf, Rudolf, Rudi, Rüdiger, Siegfried, Sven, Thorsten, Udo, Ulrich, Uwe, Volker, Volkmar, Walter, Wernher, Wilhelm, Willi, Wolf, Wolfgang, Wulf Feminine: Adele, Astrid, Berta, Birgit, Brigitte, Brunhilde, Carla, Carola, Carolin, Dagmar, Dora, Doris, Edith, Elfrieda, Elisabeth, Elke, Elsa, Erika, Eva, Eva-Maria, Friedrike, Friedl, Gertrud(e), Gisela, Gudrun, Hedwig, Heidi, heike, Helga, Helge, Hilde, Hulda, Inge, Ingrid, Isolde, Liebgard, Mathilde, Mechthild, Sieglinde, Sigrid, Ute, Walburga. German first names and short forms derived from biblical names, Latin, Greek or other: Masculine: Achim, Adrian, Alex, Ali, Alois, Andreas, Anton, August, Axel, Benjamin, Bjorn, Christian, Christoph, Clemens, Dagobert, Daniel, Emil, Eugen, Felix, Florian, Franz, Georg, Gustav, Hannes, Hans, Hans-Jörg, Hans-Peter, Jakob, Jam, Jens, Joachim, Jochen, Jörg, Johannes, Johann, Josef, Julian, Jürgen, Kai, Kai-Olaf, Karsten, Klaus, Leopold, Leo, Lorenz, Lukas, Markus, Martin, Matthias, Maximilian, Max, Michael, Moritz, Nikolaus, Paul, Peter, Philipp, Sebastian, Sepp, Stefan, Theo, Thomas, Tobias, Viktor, Xaver Feminine: Alexandra, Andrea, Angelika, Anna, Aneliese, Annemarie, Barbara, Bärbel, Beate, Catharina, Charlotte, Christa, Christel, Christiane, Christine, Cornelia, Daniela, Dor, Doris, Elisabeth, Elsa, Eva, Eva-Marie, Franziska, Gabi, Gabrielle, Brete, Grete, Gretchen, Hannelore, Helene, Ilse, Inge, Irene, Johanna, Julia, Juliana, Jutta, Karin, Käthe, Kathrin, Krista, Laura, Lena, Liesl, Lieselotte, Lotte, Luise, Margot, Maria, Marianne, Margarethe, Marike, Renate, Rita, Rosamunde, Rosamarie, Ruth, Sabine, Sandra, Sara, Sofia, Stefanie, Steffi, Susanne, Susi, Thea, Therese, Trixi, Ulla, Ulrike, Ursula, Uschi, Valerie, Vera, Veronika. Family names derived from first name of first bearer: Albrecht (Albright), Eberhard(t), Georg(e), Lorenz, Ott(o), Paul(us), Reinhard, Thomas, Werner. Dating back to the old Germanic world: Albrecht (Albright), Die(d)trich, Gu(ü)nther, Hagen, Hildebrandt, Hillenbrand, Oswald, Siegfried (Seyfried). Short forms: Dietrich-Dietz, Friedrich-Fritz, Konrad-Kunz (Koons), Heinrich-Hinz, Ludwig-Lutz. Names of saints: Benjamin, Daniel, Lukas, Matthias, Matthäus, Paulus, Ruprecht, Nikolaus. Names derived from the place of dwelling and location of the homestead: Zumwald - at the forest; Kaltenbach - cold creek; Waldschmidt - smith at/in the woods. Meer - from the sea, ocean; Borg (northern German) or Burg - from or near a fortified castle; Bullwinkel - corner where bulls are kept; Adler (zum Adler) - eagle, may have derived from a house name; Rabe - crow. The place a person came from: Battenberg (Mountbatten), Battenfeld; Cullen from Koeln/Cologne; Dannenberg, town of Dannenberg - pine-tree covered mountain, name of three places in Germany; Dresdner from Dresden; Halpern or Halperin - one who came from Heilbronn in Württemberg; Mel(t)zer - can be a brewer or a person who came from Meltz; Berlin, Klutz and Lowenthal - place names in Germany; Silberg - two place names in Germany; Stein - numerous villages in German-speaking countries; stone, rock, marker; Sternberg - ten places in Germany; Shapiro, Shapira, Shapero, Shapera - one from Spyer, in the middle ages spelled Spira, and by Jews spelled Shapira; Pollack - one who came from Poland; Frank - from Franconia; Rockower, Rockow - ow is frequent and only in the low lands of Germany; Schlesinger - one who came from Silesia or Schleusingen in Thuringia; Schwei(t)zer - person from Switzerland, but also a dairyman. Names derived from the vocation of profession of first bearer: Arzt - doctor; Bader - barber; Bauer - farmer; Bauman(n) - builder; Becker - baker; Brenner - distiller; Brauer, Breuer - brewer, brower, brewster; Eisenhauer, Eisenhower - iron cutter, miner; Fa(e)rber - dyemaker, painter; Fischer - fisher; Fleischer - butcher; Gebauer - peasant or tiller of the field; Gerber - tanner; Kaiser - Emperor; Kellerman - worker or dweller in a wine cellar or tavern; Kessler - coppersmith, one who sold or made cettles; Kramer - merchant; Kreisler, Kreusler - from curly, also spinning top; Krieg, Krieger - war, warrior, in Yiddish could mean tavern keeper; Ku(e)ster - sexton, Ku(e)nstler - artist or skilled artisan; Lederer, Lederman(n) - leather maker, tanner; Lehrer - teacher; Lesser - custodian of a forest, game keeper; Lichtermann - one who lit lamps, lamplighter; Lichtman - candle maker; Maurer - stone mason; Mehler (Mahler) - painter; Mehlinger, Mehlman(n), Melman - one who works with flour; Metzger - butcher; Mu(e)ller - miller; Nachtman(n) - night watchman; Pfannenschmidt - maker of pots and pans; Postman(n) - postal worker, (also a person from Postau); Puttkam(m)er - person who cleans rooms; Rader - wheelwright, one who makes wheels; or a person from Raden (moor, reedy place), one who thatched with reed; Reifsneider, Reifsnyder - one who made barrel hops; Reiter - horseman, also one who cleared land for tilling; Richter - judge or magistrate; Saltz, Saltzman(n) - one who processed and sold salt; Sandler - one who carts sand, repairs shoes, a cobbler; Scha(e)fer, Schaf, Schaap - shepherd; Schaffer, Shaffer - administrator; Schenker - one who kept a public house; Scherer - one who shaved others, a barber; Schlosser - locksmith; Schlu(e)ter - the keeper of supplies; Schmidt - smith; Schmuker, Schmu(c)kler - one who decorates, ornaments; Schneider and Schroeder - tailor; Schultz, Schultheis - village mayor; Schreiber - secretary or scribe; Schreiner - cabinet maker; Schubert - one who made or sold shoes; Schulman(n) - school or synagogue man; Schumacher, Schu(h)man(n), Schuster - shoe maker, cobbler; Steinhauer - one who cuts and breaks stone; Studebaker - one who prepared or sold pastries; Wagner - wagoner, wagon maker; Weber - weaver; Wechsler - money changer. Names derived from a physical or ther characteristic of first bearer: Altmann - old man; Hellmann - light man; Dick - fat person; Klein - short; Lange - the long one; Kurz - the short one; Lustig - happy person; Grossmann - the big one; Rot(h)bart - red beard; Weiss - white appearance; Schwar(t)z - black appearance; Schwarzkopf - black haired; Sus(s)man - affectionate person; Unruh - agitator or trouble maker; Schatz - treasure; Stamm, Stump - trunk (as of a tree); Stammler - stutterer; Stock - stick, tree trunk. After days of the week: Montag, Freitag, Sonntag; or Month: May. Relating to objects/materials: Hammer - hammer; Nagel - nail; Knopf - button; Stahl - steel; Eisen - iron; Erzberger - ore mountai | Herzenbergs, Unconnected (I3099)
|
| 3295 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Indian child adopted by Jacob Hamblin. 2. According to 17 Jul 2002 Ancestry.com database "dtjohnston," the Mary Hamblin who married John Mangum was born 1832 in Canada and died 1893 in Pima, Graham, AZ. This is a major error; that Mary Hamblin is the widow of William Haynes Hamblin who died 1872 in Nevada. Mary Hamblin is in the 1880 census at Springerville, Apache, AZ as a widow with two children. Her maiden name is Mary Amelia Leavitt, born in 1832 in Canada and died 1893 in Arizona. William was the brother to Jacob Hamblin. 3. The marriage sealing in 26 Jul 1870 EHOUS as cited below, shows Mary Hamblin b. 1852 at Merthyr Tydfil, Galmorgan, Wales, and John Mangum, b. 10 Jun 1817 at Saint Clair County, Alabama. I do not know why Wales is mentioned for Mary because clearly she was not from Wales - would they have misled the temple officials in Salt Lake City as to her origins because of some onus against temple marriages with Indians? 4. Censuses: 1860 US: Mary is not with the Jacob Hamblin family in Tonaquint, Washington, Utah. 1870 US: Kanab, Kane, Utah, p. 2 of 2, family 9 (next door to brother James Mangum and also to Jacob Hamblin): John Mangrun, 50, farmer, NY. Marian, 48, keeping house, NY. Joseph, 19, UT. John, 18, UT. George, 16, UT. Syrus, 13, UT. Abigal, 11, UT Caroline, 9, UT. David, 8, UT. Ellen, 3, UT. Mary, 16, UT, sernt. (Servant? In reality, this would be John's Indian wife since she appears with his last name. Also her race is marked with an "In" for Indian whereas everyone else in the family is with an "w" for white.) MARRIAGE: 1. The book "Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude" by Daughters of Utah Pioneers mentions Mary Ann Adair Mangum and gives a biography for her. See her notes for a full citation. Mary Ann and John were among the first settlers in Payson, Nephi, Washington County, and Kanab, Utah. They later were sent to Alpine, Arizona to settle. While in St. George they helped with the growing of cotton. John took a second wife, Ellen Bardsley, while in Payson, and Mary Hamblin, the adopted Indian daughter of Jacob Hamblin, became his third wife. DEATH: 1. The journal of James Lovett Bunting, 1832-1923, contains the following entry on p. 158 [161] from the fort at Kanab, Utah: "Jan. 7 1871. The Measels had been brought into the Fort by one of Bro John Mangum's boys 3 weeks since and by this time it had spread throught the greater part of the Fort. Sunday 8th Jan'ry Two cases of Measels had proved fatal James Mangum's son - age 8 and John Mangum's wife (Squaw) age 17 years. Went to meeting in the a.m. & in the p.m. attended the funeral of John Mangum's wife." James Bunting was in the Black Hawk War in 1866 and then moved to Kanab, Utah. His diary is at http://overlandtrails.byu.edu. Copy of page on file. | Hamblin, Mary (I3436)
|
| 3296 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Information from Peter Bruce Herzenberg from his website: Wife is Margaret Renee Ellen Longshaw, b. 5 Apr 1950 who he married 1 Oct 1970 in Salisbury, Rhodesia. They have two children: Collette Geniene, b. 1 Jun 1973, and Jaysen, b. 1 Sep 1976. Parents are Herman Herzenberg and Marjorie Yeend Mitchell. Grandfather is Samuel (ben Eleazer) [Yiddish: Leiser]. Peter was b. 17 Jul 1946 in Klerksdorp, South Africa. 2. Data from a copy captured of Peter Bruce Herzenberg's website of London, England, since relocated to South Africa (website is no longer functioning as of 7 Aug 2007). See more on his research and data in the notes of the earliest Herzenberg in this database. Sources for this individual are HL for Leonardo Herzenberg, HG is Gail Herzenberg, and YL is Len Yodaiken (Israeli researcher hired by Harold Hodes). In regards to this individual: Names Samuel or Shmuel bar Eleazar. HL016 shows b. 1867 in Libava, Latvia, d. 5 Dec 1934 in Klerksdorp, South Africa, m. Glaser. YL. HW. HG017. Peter also notes: "Samuel - He seems correctly placed, except he is mentioned in Gabriel William's records as having left for South Africa in 1880 and a close relative. This is consistent with his descendants recollections. Samuel's name on his grave stone in South Africa reads: 'Shmuel Bar Eleazer'. This suggests that Zvi Hirsh may also have been known as Eleazar and Samuel was his son. While Gabriel's records say the names are in age order which appears to throw Samuel 'out'. Still, he is shown and therefore as a son, he would have been the eldest brother, born in 1867. Since 30 years would have passed between Gabriel's, first recollections, say aged 10, and Samuel having left Latvia in 1880, it is not inconceivable he would not have had any recollections other than a name, and then unsure where to place him." Trader. Left Latvia for the USA in 1881, aged 14. In 1884 he went to South Africa where he opened the largest trading store on the gold reef, supplying the mines. Bad luck plagued him; a fire putting paid to his fortunes, and an early onset of Parkinson's disease made work impossible. The Glaser family supported his wife and three children. 3. Len Yodaiken in his paid research report "The Herzenbergs of Piltene and Liepaja Latvia," 1 Jan 2000, shows name as Samuel Solomon Herzenberg. MARRIAGE: 1. Date and place are unsubstantiated guesses only by Kerry Petersen. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Leonardo Herzenberg http://www.herzenberg.net/ | Herzenberg, Samuel or Shmuel (I4030)
|
| 3297 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Information provided is speculative at best and per Adair family tradition. It is known that Samuel J. Adair had a boy by the name of David Secrist that accompanied him and his family across the plains to Utah. Very little other information is known by me. 2. David is not reported with the Adair family in the 1856 Utah Territorial Census. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Per 3 Jan 2002 gedcom of Robin Adair; email: robadair@thegrid.net. He is descendent through Daniel Tyler Adair. | Sechrist, David L. (I3530)
|
| 3298 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Interested researcher: Jan Walker, 1084 E. 250 S., Bountiful, Utah 84010, 801-298-8567, swalker@anglia.com 2. No record found for this. This individual is presumed and of the result of the Danish method of first name of father used in succeeding generation. Son's last name is Christensen. | Christen (I1258)
|
| 3299 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Interested researcher: Jan Walker, 1084 E. 250 S., Bountiful, Utah 84010, 801-298-8567, swalker@anglia.com 2. No record found for this. This individual is presumed and of the result of the Danish patronymic method of first name of father used in succeeding generation. Son's last name is Jakobsen. | Jakob (I1262)
|
| 3300 | RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. Interested researcher: Jan Walker, 1084 E. 250 S., Bountiful, Utah 84010, 801-298-8567, swalker@anglia.com BIOGRAPHY: 1. Was Priest of Helligsø Parish in 1590. Was an extremely poor parish and the priest probably lived in no more than a ramshackle hovel. Priests were usually referred to with title of Mister and then first name with the surname dropped. The first Lutheran priest in Helligsø was Joergen (he might have been a catholic priest or monk), the second was Jens Gertsen, the third Peder Jensen or Jacobsen, and this ancestor was the fourth from 1590 to 1610. SOURCES_MISC: 1. Per research notes of J.V. Praestegaard, Lunegaardsvej 33, 7752 Snedsted, Denmark. Mr. Praestegaard is descendent of this individual as well, lives in the area, is a very thorough researcher, and has access to tax, insurance, and other records (predating typical parish records) located in the Viborg regional archives in Denmark. | Jakobsen, Anders (I1565)
|